scholarly journals The Effect of Cultural Differences on the International Co-production of Television Programs and Feature Films

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart McFadyen ◽  
Colin Hoskins ◽  
Adam Finn
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cultural Difference ◽  
Television Programs ◽  
Cultural Characteristics ◽  
Feature Films

Abstract: This article examines the perceptions of Canadian, Australian, and Japanese participants in international co-productions of television programs and feature films. Benefits and drawbacks experienced in each country are reported. The results show that not only do co-production partners in different countries experience different benefits and drawbacks but that many of these differences can be traced to the cultural characteristics of each partner and the extent of the cultural difference that exists between the partners in a given project. Résumé: Cet article examine les perceptions de Canadiens, Australiens et Japonais qui participent aux coproductions internationales d'émissions de télévision et de longs métrages. L'article rend compte des bienfaits et des méfaits du point de vue de chaque pays. Les résultats démontrent que non seulement les partenaires de pays différents perçoivent-ils des bienfaits et des méfaits différents, mais aussi ces différences sont attribuables aux caractéristiques culturelles de chaque partenaire et à l'ampleur des différences culturelles qui existent entre les partenaires pour un projet donné.

scholarly journals Broadening the Scope of Diversity Management : Strategic Implications in the Case of the Netherlands

2005 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 698-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Folke Glastra ◽  
Martha Meerman ◽  
Petra Schedler ◽  
Sjiera de Vries
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Cultural Difference ◽  
Diversity Management ◽  
The Body ◽  
Organizational Dynamics ◽  
Contextual Approach ◽  
Challenging Tasks

An analysis of theories and practices of diversity management, as illustrated in the case of the Netherlands, shows that they are too narrowly focused on redressing imbalances experienced by ethnic minorities and bridging cultural differences between majorities and ethnic minorities in the workplace. Agencies in the field of diversity management have fallen back on a limited and standardized stock of methods that ignore the specificity of organizational dynamics and largely operate in isolation from existing equity policies. The influence of diversity management has thus remained quite superficial. A contextual approach would broaden both the body of thought and the repertory of methods of diversity management, and strengthen its political and social relations. Such an approach would respond to its most challenging tasks: fostering social justice, enhancing productivity, and breaking the circle that equates cultural difference with social inequality

Outside the Head and Outside Individualism-Collectivism

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marika Lamoreaux ◽  
Beth Morling
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cultural Difference ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Uncertainty Avoidance ◽  
Cultural Products ◽  
Cultural Traits ◽  
Meta Analyses

Cultural differences and similarities can be documented not only at the level of the psyche (people’s motivations, beliefs, emotions, or cognitions) but also via shared, tangible representations of culture (such as advertising, texts, architecture, and so on). In this report, the authors present the results of some exploratory meta-analyses of cultural products. Data were sufficient to analyze a variety of cultural traits: positivity, modernity, high (vs. low) context, uncertainty avoidance, and power distance, as well as other dimensions. Thus, this article documents cultural products that measured traits other than individualism-collectivism, the trait the authors analyzed in an earlier article. The data reinforce the value of studying cultural products and fit with recent calls to branch out from the familiar, individualism-collectivism construct into new axes of cultural difference.

Cultivating Cultural Differences in Asymmetric Power Relations

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sierk Ybema ◽  
Hyunghae Byun
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cultural Difference ◽  
Cultural Distance ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Work Relations ◽  
Organizational Settings ◽  
Japanese Firms ◽  
Intercultural Encounters ◽  
Asymmetric Power

In this article we integrate findings from interviews and ethnographic case studies to explore issues of culture and identity in Japanese—Dutch work relations in two different contexts: Japanese firms in the Netherlands and Dutch firms in Japan. It is suggested that cultural identities do not carry a pre-given meaning that people passively enact, as is sometimes assumed, but become infused with meaning in organizational actors’ interpretations that are embedded in specific social contexts. The research contribution this article makes is twofold. First, it illustrates how, in different organizational settings, cultural differences are enacted differently in people’s identity talk, underlining the context-dependent and constructed nature of culture and cultural distance in intercultural encounters. Second, it highlights the particular relevance of a power-sensitive understanding of claims of cultural difference by revealing small, but significant differences in organizational actors’ cultural identity talk that are intimately related to the specific power asymmetries within our research participants’ organizations.

Entrepreneurship in Transition Economies: Is There an Entrepreneurial Characteristic Similarity to Western Entrepreneur?

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-157
Author(s):  
Thomas Bradley ◽  
Paul Eberle
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Transition Economies ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Factory Workers ◽  
Cultural Characteristics ◽  
History Of

This empirical study consists of two parts. The first part of the study examines the cultural characteristics and dimensions of entrepreneurs and factory workers in transition economies during the early transition period to determine if their cultural values were similar to those found in other nations. The second part of the study compares the differences in Hofstede’s cultural dimension scores between entrepreneurs and workers in market economies. It might seem extraordinary that after more than 70 years of a centralized nonentrepreneurial society that all of the communist nations that the current authors studied had essentially the same cultural differences among entrepreneurs that were found in capitalist nations with a long history of entrepreneurial activity.

Are fashion sketchbooks racist?

2021 ◽  
Vol 00 (00) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Tanveer Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cultural Difference ◽  
Fashion Design ◽  
Design Tools ◽  
Initial Sample ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Design Students ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Cultural Hierarchies

Drawing on scholar Marc Augé’s concept of non-place, this article contributes to growing studies that focus on the ways in which fashion produces racism. Recent years have shown a rise in the scrutiny by social media of racist fashion garments and campaigns that problematically stereotype, appropriate and Other marginalized cultures. However, less attention has been given to how racism is constructed through design practices in education and curricula, such as through the different activities and techniques that constitute the fashion ideation process. Indeed, few studies to date have examined how commonplace design tools such as sketchbooks, measuring tapes or mannequins reinscribe forms of Othering. This article sets out to critically examine representations of Othering in fashion design sketchbooks and discuss the role this ubiquitous fashion tool might play in encouraging racist fashion representations. The sketchbooks of undergraduate fashion design students were chosen for this study due to the importance of fashion education as a catalyst for future fashion cultures. From an initial sample of seventy sketchbooks, twelve sketchbooks showed representations of cultural difference through an over-reliance on excessive imagery, with limited text. These strategies showed a pattern of reproducing ahistorical static ideas which reinforce cultural hierarchies. Marc Augé’s concept of non-place is used in this study to refer to how time and space are mobilized using various design techniques and employed within sketchbooks. Such techniques show paradoxical representations of cultural differences, which lack context-specific histories and identities. The study identifies two key strategies used within fashion sketchbooks: firstly, the de-contextualization of cultural difference, and then the re-contextualization of cultural difference. Combined, these strategies show how using collaging techniques in sketchbooks in the fashion design process erases meaning by compressing time and space.

Cultivating Global Citizens

2020 ◽  
pp. 492-506
Author(s):  
Jenna Andrews-Swann
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cultural Difference ◽  
Standpoint Theory ◽  
Cultural Relativism ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Global Citizens ◽  
Science Courses

This chapter presents the author's experiences working with international content in the higher education classroom to explore successful examples of intercultural material that can benefit students pursuing a degree in any field. The author explores how social science courses in general, and anthropology courses in particular, that work from a foundation of cultural relativism and standpoint theory can equip students with important knowledge and skills that promote tolerance and respect of cultural difference. Finally, the author demonstrates that students finish courses like these with a better understanding of and appreciation for the cultural differences that exist all around them.

Developing a Research Method to Analyze Visual Literacy Based on Cross-Cultural Characteristics

2018 ◽  
pp. 19-33
Author(s):  
Felicidad García-Sánchez ◽  
José Gómez-Isla ◽  
Roberto Therón ◽  
Juan Cruz-Benito ◽  
José Carlos Sánchez-Prieto
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Visual Literacy ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Characteristics ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Literacy Research

This chapter presents a new approach of a quantitative analysis used to research the understanding of visual literacy issues. The objective of the research is to find common patterns, opinions, and behaviors between different people regarding the use of visual communication and people's state of visual literacy, while also considering the possible cultural differences related. To explain visual literacy and its implications, the theoretical background about the visual literacy research field is presented first. Then, also within the section on background, the chapter presents the main concepts related to culture, and how it and visual literacy can be analyzed together to enable cross-cultural analysis. To conduct these cross-cultural analyses, this chapter proposes a new kind of quantitative questionnaire-based instrument that includes a section to measure the cultural characteristics of the individual and their level of literacy. This instrument proposal is the main result, since the research field of visual literacy lacks this kind of quantitative approach.

Cross-Cultural Differences in the Valuing of Dominance by Young Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 256-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rawan Charafeddine ◽  
Hugo Mercier ◽  
Takahiro Yamada ◽  
Tomoko Matsui ◽  
Mioko Sudo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cultural Difference ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Japanese Culture ◽  
Developmental Research ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Cross Cultural Research ◽  
Dominant Individual

AbstractDevelopmental research suggests that young children tend to value dominant individuals over subordinates. This research, however, has nearly exclusively been carried out in Western cultures, and cross-cultural research among adults has revealed cultural differences in the valuing of dominance. In particular, it seems that Japanese culture, relative to many Western cultures, values dominance less. We conducted two experiments to test whether this difference would be observed in preschoolers. In Experiment 1, preschoolers in France and in Japan were asked to identify with either a dominant or a subordinate. French preschoolers identified with the dominant, but Japanese preschoolers were at chance. Experiment 2 revealed that Japanese preschoolers were more likely to believe a subordinate than a dominant individual, both compared to chance and compared to previous findings among French preschoolers. The convergent results from both experiments thus reveal an early emerging cross-cultural difference in the valuing of dominance.

scholarly journals Ethnic Entrepreneurs and Political Mobilization: Exploring a Case of Tharu-Pahadi Conflict

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 191-208
Author(s):  
Ishwari Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cultural Difference ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Political Mobilization ◽  
Electoral Behavior ◽  
The Other ◽  
Leadership Position ◽  
Ethnic Mobilization ◽  
Ethnic Entrepreneurs ◽  
Society Today

Nepalese society today is witnessing an unprecedented sharpening of ethnic boundaries. In the last couple of decades or so, there have been growing instances of inter-ethnic conflict and clashes. The clash among the Tharus and Pahadi (Bahun-Chhetri) communities that took place in the month of May, 2012 in the Nawalparasi district is one such example. Borrowing the conceptual idea from Fredreick Barth (1995) who critically engages with the question of culture, ethnicity, and contemporary nature of ethnic mobilization, this paper seeks to explore how such conflicts are an epiphenomena of tactical moves carried out what he calls as ‘middle echelon politicians’. Through the qualitative data collected with the help of open-ended interviews and couple of other illustrations, this paper argues that, the contemporary character of ethnic mobilizations in some way or the other, are manipulated by ethnic entrepreneurs who politicize cultural differences, ethnic sentiments, and collective backwardness which often result in violent confrontations. Despite the Tharus being diverse and sharply divided in terms of political allegiance and electoral behavior, the leaders or activists use politics of cultural difference, and attempt to mitigate internal differences, to present a consolidated picture of ethnic unity. Through such actions ethnic leaders or activists selectively mobilize ethnic sentiments and symbols in order to motivate members of an ethnic group and also assume leadership position at both local and national levels.

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