THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERSONALITY DISORDERS, NORMALITY AND HEALTHY PERSONALITY: PERSONALITY ON A CONTINUUM

1990 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken R. Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Psychological Traits ◽  
Normal Personality ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Healthy Personality ◽  
Normative Perspective ◽  
Three Factor

The relationship between personality disorders, normality and healthy personality is discussed from a developmental and normative perspective. Psychological traits unique to the individual are seen as coexisting and continuing throughout the life span of personality development and across the traditional boundaries of personality disorders, normal personality, and healthy personality. This paper attempts to extend the pioneering work of Millon into the realm of healthy personality. Healthy personality is conceived of as an extension of a three-factor model with: mystical, hardy, and self-actualized personalities composing the healthy end of the spectrum.

scholarly journals Prosocial Behavior and Big Five-Factor Model of Personality: A Theoretical Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aalima Mumtaz Shah ◽  
Dr. Touseef Rizvi
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Psychological Traits ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The manner in which one acts or behaves in response to environment, person or stimulus that is external or internal, covert or overt and voluntary or involuntary is the behavior of an individual. Behavior is determined by his or her personality (is the set of psychological traits and mechanisms with the individual that are organized and relatively enduring and that influences his or her interactions with, and adaptation to, the intra psychic, physical ,and social environments). Personality is determined by various factors, these factors are examined by different researchers and psychologists, various models came out of it, Big Five-Factor Model (Costa & Mc Crae,1995 ) is one among them .An individual possessing specific traits behave specially in the society. Individuals moving towards people and society when they are in need are performing prosocial behavior (refers to acts that are positively valued by society).In our culture helping others is socially valued. Thus helpful responses are a form of prosocial behavior. Empirical work has been done to examine the relationship of prosocial behavior and personality traits. This paper presents the theoretical review of the relationship between prosocial behavior and Big Five-Factor Model of Personality, from last fifteen years.

scholarly journals The study of the conditions for the formation of the middle class in Russia using the factor model of the quality of life of people

2021 ◽  
Vol 291 ◽  
pp. 07009
Author(s):  
Svetlana G. Zakharova ◽  
Lyudmila F. Sukhodoeva ◽  
Galina A. Shishkanova ◽  
Sergey V. Tumanov ◽  
Natalia O. Ablyazova
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
The Social ◽  
Factor Modeling ◽  
The Individual

The article substantiates the need to study the conditions for the formation of the middle class. Various approaches to the assessment of the middle class are considered and the author's approach based on factor modeling of balanced personality development is justified. The model clearly allows us to understand the reasons for the extremely low share of the middle Russian class, the lack of coordination of institutional changes with the harmonious development of the individual. This is due to the unevenness of ownership of production elements, the factors of the impossibility of changing the social status for people with higher education and demanded qualifications. Based on the simulated factors of life satisfaction and comfort of living of the population, a sociological survey was carried out, the results of which were processed using economic and mathematical methods and presented in graphic form. The author substantiates the use of the factor model of population quality of life management for the formation of methods and technologies for managing a set of measures that allow influencing the increase in the share of the middle class.

Five Factor Model and Personality Disorder

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Widiger ◽  
Whitney L. Gore ◽  
Cristina Crego ◽  
Stephanie L. Rojas ◽  
Joshua R. Oltmanns
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Personality Structure ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Normal Personality ◽  
Personality Disorder Scales ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of the relationship of the Five Factor Model (FFM) to personality disorder. The FFM has traditionally been viewed as a dimensional model of normal personality structure. However, it should probably be viewed as a dimensional model of general personality structure, including maladaptive as well as adaptive personality traits. Discussed herein is the empirical support for the coverage of personality disorders within the FFM; the ability of the FFM to explain the convergence and divergence among personality disorder scales; the relationship of the FFM to the DSM-5 dimensional trait model; the empirical support for maladaptivity within both poles of each FFM domain (focusing in particular on agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness); and the development of scales for the assessment of maladaptive variants of the FFM.

The Leader Support for Innovation Questionnaire (LSIQ)

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 898-915
Author(s):  
Sylvie Vincent-Höper ◽  
Maie Stein
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Organizational Innovation ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Idea Generation ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Leader Support ◽  
Support For Innovation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Three Factor

Purpose In this study, the authors integrate the concept of leader support with a process model of innovation including the generation, promotion and implementation of innovative ideas to obtain an in-depth understanding of how leaders may support employees’ innovative efforts. The purpose of this paper is to develop an organizing framework and validate a measure for assessing leader support for innovation. Design/methodology/approach The authors validated the Leader Support for Innovation Questionnaire (LSIQ) in German and English using samples from Germany (n=1,049) and South Africa (n=129). Findings Although confirmatory factor analyses supported a three-factor model of the 12-item LSIQ (leader support for idea generation, promotion and implementation), strong intercorrelations between the factors provide only weak evidence for the three-factor structure. Positive correlations with individual and organizational innovation demonstrate adequate construct validity. The LSIQ explains additional variance in innovation beyond that explained by measures of transformational leadership and leader–member exchange. Research limitations/implications The findings suggest that linking leader support and innovation more directly to one another matches the complexity of innovation processes. The LSIQ is a theory based and valid tool that enables more rigorous research on the role of leadership in facilitating innovation. Originality/value Previous studies using well-established leadership approaches have produced a considerable heterogeneity of findings on the relationship between leadership and innovation. Therefore, the authors introduce an integrative framework for defining and organizing leadership behaviors specifically supporting employees’ innovative efforts and validate a measure of leader support for innovation that may guide both theoretical developments and empirical research on the relationship between leadership and innovation in organizations.

Differentiële diag­nostiek van persoonlijk­heids­stoornissen en autisme­spectrum­stoornis bij ouderen

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Comorbid Mental Disorders

Scientific knowledge of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in older adults is still scarce. Differential diagnosis of ASD and personality disorders is complicated, especially in later life. There is overlap between ASD and personality disorders, both conceptually and descriptively. The manifestation of both disorders is heterogeneous, influenced by age specific factors and characterised by similar behavioural symptoms and the lack of a sound developmental history. In both disorders, age specific changes can exceed adaptive abilities of patients, so ASD and personality disorders may become manifest for the first time in old age. More research is needed to fully understand the relationship between ASD and personality development across the life span. Also, there is a need for assessment instruments for both adults and older people with comorbid mental disorders and personality disorders in particular. As comorbidity of ASD and personality disorders appears to be common, more research should be done into treatment of comorbid personality disorders, also in later life.

scholarly journals Self-perceived mate value influences intrasexual competitiveness attitudes in young people of both sexes

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Polo Polo ◽  
Jose Antonio Munoz-Reyes ◽  
Ana Maria Fernandez Tapia ◽  
Juan Enrique Wilson ◽  
Enrique Turiégano
Keyword(s):  
Important Variable ◽  
Fear Of Failure ◽  
Factorial Structure ◽  
Mate Value ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Psychological Traits ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Psychological Features ◽  
The Relationship

Individuals vary in their intrasexual competitiveness attitude, i.e., an important variable reflecting the potential threat or the extent to which one perceives other individuals of the same sex as social or mating rivals. In this study, we investigated the relationship between self-perceived mate value, a construct usually linked to intersexual selection, and intrasexual competitiveness attitude. We postulated that those psychological traits that increase mate value are related to psychological traits underlying intrasexual competitiveness attitude. The results obtained from a sample of 711 young participants of both sexes (M= 16.93 years ± SD = 0.86) indicated that mate value was positively related to intrasexual competitiveness attitude. Specifically, the subscales ofFear of Failure,Wealth, andLookswere positive predictors of intrasexual competitiveness attitude. Moreover, theLookssubscale was more relevant in determining intrasexual competitiveness attitude in women than in men. These three subscales were part of the same factorial structure that appears to be indicative of a self-promoting strategy based on the ostentation of traits through attitudes. As a conclusion, we argue that the individual differences in intrasexual competitiveness attitudes are associated with the differences in psychological features usually associated with intersexual selection.

The development of personality disorders: Perspectives from normal personality development in childhood and adolescence

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 715-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Shiner
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Developmental Pathways ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Personality Differences ◽  
Normal Personality

AbstractThe developmental pathways leading to personality disorders are poorly understood, but clues to these pathways come from recent research on personality disorders and normal personality development in childhood and adolescence. The first section of this paper reviews recent work on personality disorders in childhood and adolescence, and concludes that personality disorders in adolescence are already prevalent, moderately stable, and impairing. The second section draws on McAdams and Pals' personality model to offer a taxonomy of personality differences that can account for the known patterns of emerging personality pathology. This taxonomy includes youths' temperament and personality traits, mental representations (including attachment), coping strategies, and narrative identities. Individual differences in all of these domains may play critical roles in the development, manifestation, and course of personality disorders. Existing knowledge of normal and abnormal personality development can inform future research on the developmental pathways leading to personality pathology, the diagnostic criteria for personality disorders, and the development of validated treatments for personality disorders in the first two decades of life.

scholarly journals Longitudinal associations between depressive and anxiety disorders: a comparison of two trait models

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Olino ◽  
Daniel N. Klein ◽  
Peter M. Lewinsohn ◽  
Paul Rohde ◽  
John R. Seeley
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Latent Trait ◽  
Factor Models ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Three Factor

BackgroundDepression and anxiety are highly co-morbid disorders. Two latent trait models have been proposed to explain the nature of the relationship between these disorders. The first posits that depressive and anxiety disorders are both manifestations of a single internalizing factor. The second model, based on a tripartite model proposed by Clark & Watson [Journal of Abnormal Psychology (1991) 100, 316–336], proposes that depressive and anxiety disorders reflect a combination of shared and disorder-specific factors.MethodWe directly compared the two models in a sample of 891 individuals from the Oregon Adolescent Depression Project who participated in up to four diagnostic assessments over approximately 15 years. Structural equation models were used to examine the relationship between depressive and anxiety disorders across different developmental periods (<14, 14–18, 19–23, 24–30 years of age).ResultsThe one- and three-factor models were hierarchically related. Thus, a direct comparison between the one- and three-factor models was possible using a χ2 difference test. The result found that the three-factor model fit the data better than the one-factor model.ConclusionsThe three-factor model, positing that depressive and anxiety disorders were caused by a combination of shared and disorder-specific factors, provided a significantly better fit to the data than the one-factor model postulating that a single factor influences the development of both depressive and anxiety disorders.

On ethnicity of idiosyncratic risk and stock returns puzzle

Humanomics ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naseem Al Rahahleh ◽  
Iman Adeinat ◽  
Ishaq Bhatti
Keyword(s):  
Stock Returns ◽  
Financial Crises ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Idiosyncratic Risk ◽  
Idiosyncratic Volatility ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Expected Stock Returns ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Three Factor

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand the controversial issue of whether stock returns and idiosyncratic risks are related positively or negatively in case of Singaporean ethically poor screened stocks. Design/methodology/approach – To achieve the major objectives of this paper, it uses a multiple regression to explore the relationship between expected stock returns and idiosyncratic risk. The paper replicates the Lee and Faff’s (2009) three-factor capital asset-pricing model (CAPM) model in creating the six size/book-to-market portfolios from which it constructs the small minus big (SMB) and high minus low (HML) portfolios that capture the size and book-to-market equity factors, respectively. Findings – The basic finding of the paper is that there is a strong relation between idiosyncratic risk and the expected stock returns. In more details, we observe that the portfolio of stocks with the highest idiosyncratic volatility generates higher average returns (4.36 per cent) than the portfolio of stocks with the lowest idiosyncratic volatility (0.79 per cent) over the sample period. The paper observes that the stock’s idiosyncratic volatility is inversely correlated with the size of the underlying firm. Moreover, there is a pattern of relationships nearer the periods of financial crises: Asian and global financial crises. Research limitations/implications – This paper uses only a three-factor model on a single country. So it cannot be generalized to a multi-country level in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region, as the structure of each member country is different. Practical implications – This paper provides guidelines for policymakers and foreign investors in Singapore about the relationship. This research can also be extended to other ASEAN countries to understand this puzzle. Social implications – Ethically sensitive and faithful investors with small investment can benefit from the findings of this paper. Originality/value – The work reported in this paper is original, unpublished and is also not under consideration for publication elsewhere.

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