scholarly journals Stem Cell Therapy- An Overview

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 92-102
Author(s):  
Aishwarya Goud Jagiri ◽  
Priyanka Gotte ◽  
Swetha Singireddy ◽  
Rohith Kumar Kadarla
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
The Road ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Medical Benefits ◽  
Multiple Cell

Stem cells are defined as cells that have clonogenic and self-renewing capabilities and differentiate into multiple cell lineages. Stem cells are found in all of us, from the early stages of human development to the end of life. According to differentiation potential stem cells are divided into 5 types: totipotent, pluripotent, multipotent, oligopotent and unipotent. They are vital to the development, growth, maintenance, and repair of our brains, bones, muscles, nerves, blood, skin, and other organs. Stem cell therapy is emerging as a potentially revolution­ ary new way to treat disease and injury, with wide-ranging medical benefits. Stem cell research presents many ethical and scientific questions as well as future challenges. Stem cell therapy, a prologue to an era of medical discovery of cell-based therapies that will one day restore function to those whose lives are now challenged every day, is still at the beginning of the road. . Stem cells have great potential in tissue regeneration and repair but much still needs to be learned about their biology, manipulation and safety before their full therapeutic potential can be achieved.  

scholarly journals The Role of Hypoxia on the Neuronal Differentiation of Gingival Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Transcriptional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 538-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnese Gugliandolo ◽  
Francesca Diomede ◽  
Domenico Scionti ◽  
Placido Bramanti ◽  
Oriana Trubiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Neuronal Differentiation ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Transcriptional Profile ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Hypoxia Preconditioning ◽  
Number Of Genes

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely used in stem cell therapy for regenerative purposes. Oral-derived MSCs, such as gingival MSCs (GMSCs), deriving from the neural crest seem more suitable to differentiate toward the neuronal lineage. In addition, the preconditioning of MSCs may improve their beneficial effects. Since it is known that hypoxia may influence stem cell properties, we were interested in evaluating the effects of hypoxia preconditioning on the neuronal differentiation of GMSCs. With this aim, we evaluated the transcriptional profile of GMSCs exposed to basal and neuroinductive medium both in normoxia and in cells preconditioned for 48 h in hypoxia. We compared their transcriptional profile using Next Generation Sequencing. At first we observed that hypoxia did not alter cell morphology compared with the GMSCs cultured in a normoxic condition. In order to understand hypoxia preconditioning effects on neuronal differentiation, we screened genes with Log2 fold change ≥2 using the database Cortecon, that collects gene expression data set of in vitro corticogenesis. We observed that hypoxia preconditioning induced the expression of more genes associated with different stages of cortical development. The common genes, expressed both in normoxia and hypoxia preconditioning, were involved in developmental and neuronal processes. Interestingly, a larger number of genes associated with development biology and neuronal process was expressed in GMSCs differentiated after hypoxia preconditioning compared with those in normoxia. In addition, hypoxic-preconditioned differentiated GMSCs showed a higher expression of nestin, PAX6, and GAP43. Our data demonstrated that hypoxia preconditioning enhanced the differentiation potential of GMSCs and induced the activation of a higher number of genes associated with neuronal development. In conclusion, hypoxia may be used to improve MSCs’ properties for stem cell therapy.

scholarly journals Effects of nicotine on the translation of stem cell therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1679-1688
Author(s):  
Alex HP Chan ◽  
Ngan F Huang
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Nicotine Exposure ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Lifestyle Choices

Although stem cell therapy has tremendous therapeutic potential, clinical translation of stem cell therapy has yet to be fully realized. Recently, patient comorbidities and lifestyle choices have emerged to be important factors in the efficacy of stem cell therapy. Tobacco usage is an important risk factor for numerous diseases, and nicotine exposure specifically has become increasing more prevalent with the rising use of electronic cigarettes. This review describes the effects of nicotine exposure on the function of various stem cells. We place emphasis on the differential effects of nicotine exposure in vitro and as well as in preclinical models. Further research on the effects of nicotine on stem cells will deepen our understanding of how lifestyle choices can impact the outcome of stem cell therapies.

The use of hydrogels for cell-based treatment of chronic kidney disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (17) ◽  
pp. 1977-1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meg L. McFetridge ◽  
Mark P. Del Borgo ◽  
Marie-Isabel Aguilar ◽  
Sharon D. Ricardo
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Paracrine Effects

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major and growing public health concern with increasing incidence and prevalence worldwide. The therapeutic potential of stem cell therapy, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) holds great promise for treatment of CKD. However, there are significant bottlenecks in the clinical translation due to the reduced number of transplanted cells and the duration of their presence at the site of tissue damage. Bioengineered hydrogels may provide a route of cell delivery to enhance treatment efficacy and optimise the targeting effectiveness while minimising any loss of cell function. In this review, we highlight the advances in stem cell therapy targeting kidney disease and discuss the emerging role of hydrogel delivery systems to fully realise the potential of adult stem cells as a regenerative therapy for CKD in humans. MSCs and EPCs mediate kidney repair through distinct paracrine effects. As a delivery system, hydrogels can prolong these paracrine effects by improving retention at the site of injury and protecting the transplanted cells from the harsh inflammatory microenvironment. We also discuss the features of a hydrogel, which may be tuned to optimise the therapeutic potential of encapsulated stem cells, including cell-adhesive epitopes, material stiffness, nanotopography, modes of gelation and degradation and the inclusion of bioactive molecules. This review concludes with a discussion of the challenges to be met for the widespread clinical use of hydrogel delivery system of stem cell therapy for CKD.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Potential of Human Stem Cell Implantation in Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 10151
Author(s):  
Hau Jun Chan ◽  
Yanshree ◽  
Jaydeep Roy ◽  
George Lim Tipoe ◽  
Man-Lung Fung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Preclinical Studies

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive debilitating neurodegenerative disease and the most common form of dementia in the older population. At present, there is no definitive effective treatment for AD. Therefore, researchers are now looking at stem cell therapy as a possible treatment for AD, but whether stem cells are safe and effective in humans is still not clear. In this narrative review, we discuss both preclinical studies and clinical trials on the therapeutic potential of human stem cells in AD. Preclinical studies have successfully differentiated stem cells into neurons in vitro, indicating the potential viability of stem cell therapy in neurodegenerative diseases. Preclinical studies have also shown that stem cell therapy is safe and effective in improving cognitive performance in animal models, as demonstrated in the Morris water maze test and novel object recognition test. Although few clinical trials have been completed and many trials are still in phase I and II, the initial results confirm the outcomes of the preclinical studies. However, limitations like rejection, tumorigenicity, and ethical issues are still barriers to the advancement of stem cell therapy. In conclusion, the use of stem cells in the treatment of AD shows promise in terms of effectiveness and safety.

scholarly journals Inducible Metabolic Adaptation Promotes Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Ischemia

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 870-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongming Zhu ◽  
Aijun Sun ◽  
Yunzeng Zou ◽  
Junbo Ge
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Glycogen Storage ◽  
Metabolic Adaptation ◽  
Glucose Transporter 1

Objective— Ischemic tissue is an environment with limited oxygen and nutrition availability. The poor retention of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in ischemic tissues greatly limits their therapeutic potential. The aim of this study was to determine whether and how inducible metabolic adaptation enhances MSC survival and therapy under ischemia. Approach and Results— MSC were subjected to glycogen synthase 1–specific small interfering RNA or vehicle treatment, and then sublethal hypoxic preconditioning (HP) was applied to induce glycogenesis. The treated cells were subjected to ischemic challenge. The results exhibited that HP of MSC induced glycogen storage and stimulated glycogen catabolism and cellular ATP production, thereby preserving cell viability in long-term ischemia. In vivo study using the mouse limb ischemia model transplanted with HP or control MSC into the ischemic thigh muscles revealed a significant increased retention of MSC with glycogen storage associated with improved limb salvage, perfusion recovery and angiogenesis in the ischemic muscles. In contrast, glycogen synthesis inhibition significantly abolished these improvements. Further molecular analysis indicated that phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT, hypoxia-inducible factor-1, and glycogen synthase kinase-3β regulated expression of glycogenesis genes, including glucose transporter 1, hexokinase, phosphoglucomutase 1, glycogen synthase 1, and glycogen phosphorylase, thereby regulating glycogen metabolism of stem cell during HP. Conclusions— HP-induced glycogen storage improves MSC survival and therapy in ischemic tissues. Thus, inducible metabolic adaptation in stem cells may be considered as a novel strategy for potentiating stem cell therapy for ischemia.

scholarly journals Research Trends in the Efficacy of Stem Cell Therapy for Hepatic Diseases Based on MicroRNA Profiling

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Minyeoung Kweon ◽  
Jae Yeon Kim ◽  
Ji Hye Jun ◽  
Gi Jin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Treatment Efficacy ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Multipotent Stem Cells ◽  
Hepatic Diseases ◽  
Stem Cell Treatment

Liver diseases, despite the organ’s high regenerative capacity, are caused by several environmental factors and persistent injuries. Their optimal treatment is a liver transplantation. However, this option is limited by donor shortages and immune response issues. Therefore, many researchers have been interested in identifying the therapeutic potential in treating irreversible liver damage based on stem cells and developing suitable therapeutic agents. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are representative multipotent stem cells, are known to be highly potential stem cell therapy compared to other stem cells in the clinical trial worldwide. MSCs have therapeutic potentials for several hepatic diseases such as anti-fibrosis, proliferation of hepatocytes injured, anti-inflammation, autophagic mechanism, and inactivation of hepatic stellate cells. There are much data regarding clinical treatments, however, the data for examining the efficacy of stem cell treatment and the correlation between the stem cell engraftment and the efficacy in liver diseases is limited due to the lack of monitoring system for treatment effectiveness. Therefore, this paper introduces the characteristics of microRNAs (miRNAs) and liver disease-specific miRNA profiles, and the possibility of a biomarker that miRNA can monitor stem cell treatment efficacy by comparing miRNAs changed in liver diseases following stem cell treatment. Additionally, we also discuss the miRNA profiling in liver diseases when treated with stem cell therapy and suggest the candidate miRNAs that can be used as a biomarker that can monitor treatment efficacy in liver diseases based on MSCs therapy.

Role of Stem Cells in Cancer Therapeutics

2021 ◽  
pp. 467-485
Author(s):  
Madhu Rani ◽  
Sumit Kumar ◽  
M. Moshahid Alam Rizvi
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Tumor Regression ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Potential Applications

Stem cells are pluripotent cells having capacity of self-renewal and produce various types of mature cells. Cancer stem cells are known to be responsible for drug resistance and tumor relapse, yet stem cells offer multiple avenues to treat same. Stem cells have been employed for treating of blood and immune systems damaged during chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Stem cell transplantation is emerged as critical therapy in cancer treatment, yet other potential applications of stem cells in cancer treatment are largely unexplored or underutilized. Recently, stem cells reengineered express different cytotoxic agents. It has shown to cause tumor regression and enhance the animal survival in preclinical studies. Stem cell therapy can be also employed for targeted drug delivery, gene delivery, and even used as virus to target cancer cell. In recent years, research is devoted on stem cells worldwide for new and newer application. Although the field of stem cells is nascent and raises many ethical concerns, scientific responsibilities, and future challenges, scientific community are still hopeful and filled with optimism. Currently, stem cell therapy represents the beginning of the new era in cancer treatment and giving a ray of hope to clinicians and also patients who are suffering from untreatable diseases and desperately looking for new therapies. In the present chapter, the authors mainly shed light on potential applications of stem cells to treat cancer. At the end, they also discussed the factor influencing stem cell therapies and current challenges in stem cell therapy.

Mesenchymal stem cells: Stem cell therapy perspectives for type 1 diabetes

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Vija ◽  
D. Farge ◽  
J.-F. Gautier ◽  
P. Vexiau ◽  
C. Dumitrache ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy

The promises of stem cells: stem cell therapy for movement disorders

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. S128-S131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideki Mochizuki ◽  
Chi-Jing Choong ◽  
Toru Yasuda
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Movement Disorders
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