scholarly journals Therapeutic Efficacy of Moxifloxacin Mucoadhesive Hydrogel for Bacterial Keratitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5-s) ◽  
pp. 186-190
Author(s):  
Nipuna Kumar Bhoi ◽  
A. K. Singhai ◽  
Gaurav Jain ◽  
Subhendu S. Mishra

Bacterial keratitis is a hypothetically devastating corneal infection due to the opportunity of fast development; corneal devastation either to be completed in 24–48 hours with even more contagious bacterial aetiological agents. Moxifloxacin mucoadhesive Hydrogel was prepared by using polymer Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose E50 LV by hydration method. Moxifloxacin was dissolved in small quantity of water and Benzalkonium Chloride was added to the Polymer solution. The formulations were evaluated for clarity, pH measurement, spread-ability test, drug content estimation, viscosity study, in vitro diffusion study and antibacterial activity. The developed formulation exhibits the sustained release over a period of 10 hour. The optimized formulation was further evaluated with antimicrobial activity. The results of the in-vitro antimicrobial activity of hydrogel were satisfactory. Keywords: Corneal Infection, Hydrogel, Moxifloxacin, invitro release

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2450
Author(s):  
Lucy Urwin ◽  
Katarzyna Okurowska ◽  
Grace Crowther ◽  
Sanhita Roy ◽  
Prashant Garg ◽  
...  

Bacterial keratitis is a corneal infection which may cause visual impairment or even loss of the infected eye. It remains a major cause of blindness in the developing world. Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are common causative agents and these bacterial species are known to colonise the corneal surface as biofilm populations. Biofilms are complex bacterial communities encased in an extracellular polymeric matrix and are notoriously difficult to eradicate once established. Biofilm bacteria exhibit different phenotypic characteristics from their planktonic counterparts, including an increased resistance to antibiotics and the host immune response. Therefore, understanding the role of biofilms will be essential in the development of new ophthalmic antimicrobials. A brief overview of biofilm-specific resistance mechanisms is provided, but this is a highly multifactorial and rapidly expanding field that warrants further research. Progression in this field is dependent on the development of suitable biofilm models that acknowledge the complexity of the ocular environment. Abiotic models of biofilm formation (where biofilms are studied on non-living surfaces) currently dominate the literature, but co-culture infection models are beginning to emerge. In vitro, ex vivo and in vivo corneal infection models have now been reported which use a variety of different experimental techniques and animal models. In this review, we will discuss existing corneal infection models and their application in the study of biofilms and host-pathogen interactions at the corneal surface.


2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
Yerikala Ramesh ◽  
B Abhirami ◽  
Sri K Gnana ◽  
S Kaveri ◽  
SK Neha Sulthana ◽  
...  

The main intend of the implement sniff out formulate and evaluate oxymetazoline nasal gels. To achieve more persistent blood levels with decrease dosage of medicine by extended drug evidence and by passing hepatic initially cross metabolism and body including inferable disgrace. Mod FTIR & DSC spectra there is not any discrepancein the seam clean medicine, polymers & lipids. The Carbopol consisting of reinforce precail eventual scintillating moreover transparent Poloxamer, Hydroxy Propyl Methyl cellulose gels crop up prospective lucent as a consequence frosted slimy. The pH value of all developed formulations of gels (ONGF1-ONGF8) was in the range of 6.2 to 6.9. Spreadability of gels was in the range 19.51 - 33.91 g.cm/sec, The Viscosity of various formulated gels was found in range of 8628 to 9622 centipoises. The percentage drug content of all prepared gel formulations were found to be in the range of 78.53 to 98.56 %. The gel strength of all prepared formulations of gels was found to be in the range of 69 to 96 %. In-vitro diffusion drug release of Oxymetazoline Hydrochloride of nasal gels ONGF1 shows the 95% drug release. The release order kinetics shows all the formulations ONGF1 to ONGF8 formulations were followed Korsemeyer-Peppas with correlation coefficient R2=0.8969 & 0.2692 respectively. ONGF1 formulation follows both Zero order and Korsmeyer-Peppas models, it indicates diffusion release mechanism followed by non-fickian transport. Keywords: Nasal, gels, Oxymetazoline, In vitro diffusion, Carbopol.


Author(s):  
О.В. Шамова ◽  
М.С. Жаркова ◽  
П.М. Копейкин ◽  
Д.С. Орлов ◽  
Е.А. Корнева

Антимикробные пептиды (АМП) системы врожденного иммунитета - соединения, играющие важную роль в патогенезе инфекционных заболеваний, так как обладают свойством инактивировать широкий спектр патогенных бактерий, обеспечивая противомикробную защиту живых организмов. В настоящее время АМП рассматриваются как потенциальные соединения-корректоры инфекционной патологии, вызываемой антибиотикорезистентными бактериями (АБР). Цель данной работы состояла в изученим механизмов антибактериального действия трех пептидов, принадлежащих к семейству бактенецинов - ChBac3.4, ChBac5 и mini-ChBac7.5Nb. Эти химически синтезированные пептиды являются аналогами природных пролин-богатых АМП, обнаруженных в лейкоцитах домашней козы Capra hircus и проявляющих высокую антимикробную активность, в том числе и в отношении грамотрицательных АБР. Методы. Минимальные ингибирующие и минимальные бактерицидные концентрации пептидов (МИК и МБК) определяли методом серийных разведений в жидкой питательной среде с последующим высевом на плотную питательную среду. Эффекты пептидов на проницаемость цитоплазматической мембраны бактерий для хромогенного маркера исследовали с использованием генетически модифицированного штамма Escherichia coli ML35p. Действие бактенецинов на метаболическую активность бактерий изучали с применением маркера резазурина. Результаты. Показано, что все исследованные пептиды проявляют высокую антимикробную активность в отношении Escherichia coli ML35p и антибиотикоустойчивых штаммов Escherichia coli ESBL и Acinetobacter baumannii in vitro, но их действие на бактериальные клетки разное. Использован комплекс методик, позволяющих наблюдать в режиме реального времени динамику действия бактенецинов в различных концентрациях (включая их МИК и МБК) на барьерную функцию цитоплазматической мембраны и на интенсивность метаболизма бактериальных клеток, что дало возможность выявить различия в характере воздействия бактенецинов, отличающихся по структуре молекулы, на исследуемые микроорганизмы. Установлено, что действие каждого из трех исследованных бактенецинов в бактерицидных концентрациях отличается по эффективности нарушения целостности бактериальных мембран и в скорости подавления метаболизма клеток. Заключение. Полученная информация дополнит существующие фундаментальные представления о механизмах действия пролин-богатых пептидов врожденного иммунитета, а также послужит основой для биотехнологических исследований, направленных на разработку на базе этих соединений новых антибиотических препаратов для коррекции инфекционных заболеваний, вызываемых АБР и являющимися причинами тяжелых внутрибольничных инфекций. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) of the innate immunity are compounds that play an important role in pathogenesis of infectious diseases due to their ability to inactivate a broad array of pathogenic bacteria, thereby providing anti-microbial host defense. AMPs are currently considered promising compounds for treatment of infectious diseases caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The aim of this study was to investigate molecular mechanisms of the antibacterial action of three peptides from the bactenecin family, ChBac3.4, ChBac5, and mini-ChBac7.5Nb. These chemically synthesized peptides are analogues of natural proline-rich AMPs previously discovered by the authors of the present study in leukocytes of the domestic goat, Capra hircus. These peptides exhibit a high antimicrobial activity, in particular, against antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacteria. Methods. Minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations of the peptides (MIC and MBC) were determined using the broth microdilution assay followed by subculturing on agar plates. Effects of the AMPs on bacterial cytoplasmic membrane permeability for a chromogenic marker were explored using a genetically modified strain, Escherichia coli ML35p. The effect of bactenecins on bacterial metabolic activity was studied using a resazurin marker. Results. All the studied peptides showed a high in vitro antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli ML35p and antibiotic-resistant strains, Escherichia coli ESBL and Acinetobacter baumannii, but differed in features of their action on bacterial cells. The used combination of techniques allowed the real-time monitoring of effects of bactenecin at different concentrations (including their MIC and MBC) on the cell membrane barrier function and metabolic activity of bacteria. The differences in effects of these three structurally different bactenecins on the studied microorganisms implied that these peptides at bactericidal concentrations differed in their capability for disintegrating bacterial cell membranes and rate of inhibiting bacterial metabolism. Conclusion. The obtained information will supplement the existing basic concepts on mechanisms involved in effects of proline-rich peptides of the innate immunity. This information will also stimulate biotechnological research aimed at development of new antibiotics for treatment of infectious diseases, such as severe in-hospital infections, caused by antibiotic-resistant strains.


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