scholarly journals A globalização liberal e a escala urbana: perspectivas latino-americanas

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Peter Charles Brand
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Urban Governance ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Recent Experience ◽  
City Region ◽  
America Latina

O processo de globalização implicou o ressurgimento da cidade-região como unidade geográfica chave no desenvolvimento econômico e o nascimento de um novo período de transformação urbana. A reorganização da economia mundial requereu, ao lado de novas formas de governo local, a reformulação das bases econômicas e também da infra-estrutura, de equipamentos e da própria imagem das cidades. Este processo, que se iniciou nos Estados Unidos e nos países da Europa Ocidental no começo dos anos 1980, levou uma década ou mais para se fazer sentir na América Latina. Enquanto as políticas urbanas avançavam neste sentido, a investigação acadêmica e a reflexão teórica, circunscrevendo-se essencialmente às pautas analíticas e interpretativas estabelecidas em contextos radicalmente distintos do sul-americano, permaneceram na retaguarda, limitadas aos aspectos operacionais da competitividade urbana e marcadas por velhas preocupações com a consolidação da democracia local. Este trabalho examina a cidade latino-americana à luz do debate sobre o “re-escalamento” como produto da globalização, ao mesmo tempo em que explora a contribuição representada por dito debate para a compreensão das estratégias de desenvolvimento urbano. Neste sentido, analisa-se a experiência de algumas cidades colombianas, com ênfase especial para o tema da relação com o Estado nacional e as questões que dizem respeito às políticas de planejamento, às práticas de governo urbano e à reconstrução urbanística. Pretende-se também, aqui, contribuir com algumas idéias que sirvam à elaboração de uma agenda de investigação para a América Latina.Palavras-chave: globalização; “re-escalamento” geográfico; neoliberalismo; desenvolvimento urbano; América Latina. Abstract: An integral part of the globalization process has been the resurgence of the city-region as a key geographical unit for economic development, with the consequent birth of a new period of urban transformation. The reorganization of the global economy and the global redistribution of industry required the restructuring of urban economies, infrastructures and images, as well as new forms of urban governance. This process, which began in the United States and Western Europe in the early 80s, took a decade or so to have a significant effect on Latin America cities. While urban policy has since consolidated considerably in this sense in Latin America, academic research and theoretical reflection has somewhat lagged behind, frequently circumscribed by analytic and interpretative frameworks imported from outside the Latin American context, limited to operative aspects of ‘urban competitiveness’ or dominated by regional concerns over local democracy. This paper examines the Latin American city in the light of the theoretical debate on the reconfiguration of scalar hierarchies and interrelations produced by globalization. It then goes on to review the recent experience of some Colombian cities, with special reference to the themes of state reorganization, planning policy, urban governance and spatial restructuring. The paper concludes with some suggestions concerning a research agenda.Keywords: globalization; geographic re-scaling; neoliberalism; urban development; Latin America.

scholarly journals En la retaguardia de la Revolución Mexicana: Propaganda y propagandistas mexicanos en América Latina, 1914-1920

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Yankelevich
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Mexican Revolution ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Press ◽  
America Latina ◽  
American Society ◽  
The One ◽  
Exemplary Model ◽  
Latin American Society

This article studies the role which the Constitutionalist group of the Mexican Revolution assigned to propaganda of their actions and programs. It evaluates the significance of the publicity campaigns launched after 1914, in an effort to counter negative reports and information about the Revolution coming from the United States. In particular, it reconstructs the propaganda campaign carried out in Latin America. On the one hand, it reviews the various mechanisms which made it possible for Mexico and its Revolution to achieve a presence in the press and the academic and political venues of Latin America; on the other, it evaluates the effects of that propaganda, the solidarity which it aroused, and the exemplary model which the Mexican Revolution became in certain spaces of Latin American society. / En este artículo se estudia el papel que el núcleo constitucionalista de la Revolución mexicana asignó a la propaganda de sus acciones y programas. Se evalúa el significado de las campañas publicitarias puestas en marcha a partir de 1914, con el fin de contrarrestar noticias e informaciones provenientes de los Estados Unidos. En concreto, se reconstruye la estrategia propagandística desenvuelta en Latinoamérica. Por un lado, se analiza los distintos mecanismos que hicieron posible que México y su Revolución alcanzaran una presencia visible en medios de prensa, ámbitos académicos y políticos de América Latina; y por otro lado, se reconstruyen los efectos de aquella propaganda, las acciones de solidaridad que despertaron y el perfil ejemplificador que comenzó a adquirir la Revolución Mexicana en determinados espacios de las sociedades latinoamericanas.

scholarly journals Las empresas de servicios en américa latina: Un estudio exploratorio sobre factores de competitividad internacional, obstáculos y políticas públicas. (Service companies in Latin America: an exploratory study about determinants of international competitiveness, obstacles and public policies).

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Andrés López ◽  
Andrés Niembro ◽  
Daniela Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Service Companies ◽  
Global Dynamic ◽  
America Latina

<p> </p><p><strong>RESUMEN</strong></p><p>Desde hace tiempo los servicios son un sector dominante en la economía global, puesto que dan cuenta de la mayor parte del producto interno bruto y el empleo, tanto en las economías desarrolladas como en buena parte del mundo en desarrollo. En los últimos años, a su vez, los servicios han incrementado su peso tanto en el comercio internacional como en los flujos de inversiones externas. Si bien las empresas latinoamericanas han comenzado a participar activamente de esta nueva dinámica global y varios de los países de la región muestran un dinamismo apreciable en sus exportaciones de servicios, todavía hay importantes espacios de mejora para profundizar estas tendencias y escalar posiciones.</p><p>El presente trabajo se basa en una encuesta a empresas de servicios de América Latina en la que se indagó acerca de la visión de las propias firmas respecto a los obstáculos para el comercio de servicios, así como sobre la cobertura e impacto de las políticas públicas existentes en los países de la región que influyen sobre dicho comercio. De aquí pueden derivarse algunos lineamientos de política útiles para promover el desarrollo de las exportaciones de servicios en Latinoamérica.</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>Services have long been a dominant sector in the global economy, since they account for the bulk of gross domestic product and employment, both in developed economies and in much of the developing world. In recent years, in turn, services have increased their weight in both international trade and external investment flows. Although Latin American companies have begun to actively participate in this new global dynamic and several countries of the region show a significant dynamism in their services exports, there are still important spaces to deepen these trends and scale positions. The present work is based on a survey of service companies in Latin America in which they were inquired about their own views about obstacles to trade in services, as well as on the coverage and impact of public policies in force that influence this trade. From this, some useful policy guidelines can be derived to promote the development of services exports in Latin America.</p>

scholarly journals Open access and scholarly publishing in Latin America: ten flavours and a few reflections | Acesso livre e publicação acadêmica na América Latina: dez sabores e algumas reflexões

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Alperin ◽  
Gustavo Fischman ◽  
John Willinsky
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Open Access ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Ict Infrastructure ◽  
America Latina ◽  
Scientific Systems

Abstract Throughout this article we argue that many scholars and scientific systems in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) share the ethical and epistemological motivations about the importance of increasing the "public presence" of academic research and lay out that many scholars and that many scholars and scientific systems in LAC are well positioned to take advantage of the increasing information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure and of the growing open access (OA) movement so that the research produced within the region is circulated and shared broadly. The existence of Latin American examples to Willinsky's (2006) ten flavours of OA to journal articles are seen as an indication that OA has taken hold in theregion.Keywords Open Access (OA); Latin America and the Caribbean; Information and Communication Technologies (ICT); knowledge dissemination; Scholarly CommunicationResumo Argumenta-se neste artigo que muitos acadêmicos e sistemas científicos na América Latina e no Caribe compartilham motivações éticas e epistemológicas a respeito da importância de se aumentar a "presença pública" da pesquisa acadêmica e que muitos deles estão bem posicionados para se valer da crescente infra-estrutura de tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC)e dos movimentos de Acesso Livre (AL) para que a ciência produzida na região circule e se compartilhe amplamente. A existência de exemplos latino-americanos para a classificação dos dez modelos de Willinsky para artigos de periódicos é vista como indicação de que o AL já se instalou na região.Palavras-chave Acesso Livre (AL); América Latina e Caribe; Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC); difusão do conhecimento; comunicação acadêmica

scholarly journals Las empresas de servicios en América Latina: Un estudio exploratorio sobre factores de competitividad internacional, obstáculos y políticas públicas. (Service companies in Latin America: an exploratory study about determinants of international competitiveness, obstacles and public policies).

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Andrés López ◽  
Andrés Niembro ◽  
Daniela Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Service Companies ◽  
Global Dynamic ◽  
America Latina

<p><strong>RESUMEN</strong></p><p> Desde hace tiempo los servicios son un sector dominante en la economía global, puesto que dan cuenta de la mayor parte del producto interno bruto y el empleo, tanto en las economías desarrolladas como en buena parte del mundo en desarrollo. En los últimos años, a su vez, los servicios han incrementado su peso tanto en el comercio internacional como en los flujos de inversiones externas. Si bien las empresas latinoamericanas han comenzado a participar activamente de esta nueva dinámica global y varios de los países de la región muestran un dinamismo apreciable en sus exportaciones de servicios, todavía hay importantes espacios de mejora para profundizar estas tendencias y escalar posiciones.</p><p>El presente trabajo se basa en una encuesta a empresas de servicios de América Latina en la que se indagó acerca de la visión de las propias firmas respecto a los obstáculos para el comercio de servicios, así como sobre la cobertura e impacto de las políticas públicas existentes en los países de la región que influyen sobre dicho comercio. De aquí pueden derivarse algunos lineamientos de política útiles para promover el desarrollo de las exportaciones de servicios en Latinoamérica.</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p> Services have long been a dominant sector in the global economy, since they account for the bulk of gross domestic product and employment, both in developed economies and in much of the developing world. In recent years, in turn, services have increased their weight in both international trade and external investment flows. Although Latin American companies have begun to actively participate in this new global dynamic and several countries of the region show a significant dynamism in their services exports, there are still important spaces to deepen these trends and scale positions. The present work is based on a survey of service companies in Latin America in which they were inquired about their own views about obstacles to trade in services, as well as on the coverage and impact of public policies in force that influence this trade. From this, some useful policy guidelines can be derived to promote the development of services exports in Latin America.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Influências estrangeiras no desenvolvimento e inovações recentes em contabilidade e finanças do setor público na América Latina

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
André Carlos Busanelli de Aquino ◽  
Eugenio Caperchione ◽  
Ricardo Lopes Cardoso ◽  
Ileana Steccolini
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
The United States ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
American Perspective ◽  
Public Sector Accounting ◽  
America Latina

Abstract The idea for this special issue was to contribute to the international literature on public sector accounting from a Latin-American perspective, exploring which forces influence Public Sector Accounting and Finance (PSA&F) artifacts and concepts in Latin America, and how they occur. There is evidence that later influences from countries such as Italy, the United Kingdom, the United States, and New Zealand played a role in PSA&F developments in Latin-America. However, the roots and the associated effects (e.g., recent innovations, resistances, decoupling) of PSA&F are still unanswered questions. Such ‘recent innovations’ on public financial management processes include but are not limited to accrual accounting, convergence towards IPSAS, risk assessment, auditing, and budgeting. This special issue contains four articles capturing different perspectives of influences and mechanisms of PSA&F in the region.

scholarly journals Una Investigación Histórica sobre la Formación del Bloque Hegemónico de los Estados Unidos en las Américas

2020 ◽  
pp. 247-277
Author(s):  
Elaheh Nourigholamizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Latin American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
American Hegemony ◽  
America Latina ◽  
Domestic Affairs ◽  
The Cold War

Desde la Doctrina Monroe (1823) hasta el final de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, los Estados Unidos tomó gradualmente el lugar de las potencias colonialistas europeas en América Latina y empleó una amplia gama de los compromisos políticos en los países de región que le brindaron una potencia dominante en el hemisferio occidental. Durante la Guerra Fría, las políticas intervencionistas de los EE.UU. en los asuntos domésticos de los países latinoamericanos establecieron la “hegemonía estadounidense en América Latina”. Una investigación histórica sobre las relaciones de los países americanos muestra que según la perspectiva neo-Gramsciana, la hegemonía liberal de los EE.UU. en América Latina es preservada y promovida por tres pilares: cultura liberal; organizaciones interamericanas; y capacidades militares y económicas. Estos tres pilares también se han extendido a otras partes del mundo. From the Monroe Doctrine (1823) to the end of World War II, the United States gradually took the place of the European colonial powers in Latin America and employed a wide range of political engagements in the countries of the region that gave it a dominant power in the Western Hemisphere. During the Cold War, US interventionist policies in the domestic affairs of the Latin American countries established the “American hegemony in Latin America”. A historical research on the U.S-Latin America relations shows that according to the neo-Gramscian perspective, US liberal hegemony in Latin America is preserved and promoted by three pillars: liberal culture; inter-American organizations; and US military and economic capabilities. These three pillars have also spread to other parts of the world.

scholarly journals La integración de los microdatos censales de América Latina: el proyecto IPUMS-América Latina / Integrating Census Microdata on Latin America: the IPUMS-Latin American Project

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Robert McCaa ◽  
Albert Esteve ◽  
Steven Ruggles ◽  
Matthew Sobek
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
University Of Minnesota ◽  
Collective Work ◽  
Nuevas Tecnologías ◽  
Single Data ◽  
America Latina ◽  
Population Center

Gracias al pionero esfuerzo del doctor Gustavo Cabrera y de otros grandes próceres de la demografía, en América Latina sobrevive un vasto archivo de microdatos censales; sin embargo la mayor parte de ellos se mantiene inaccesible a los investigadores.En la trayectoria académica y científica del profesor Cabrera ha sido constante su preocupación por las fuentes de información. Hoy el proyecto Integrated Public Use of Microdata Series para América Latina (IPUMS-AL) acomete con ímpetu la difícil tarea de integrar los microdatos censales de esta región, haciendo uso intensivo y extensivo de las nuevas tecnologías pero, sobre todo, contagiándose del empeño que instituciones y eminentes demógrafos latinoamericanos han dedicado a mejorar la calidad y a preservar estos datos, que constituyen sin lugar a dudas los tesoros estadísticos de AméricaLatina.El proyecto IPUMS-América Latina cuenta con el soporte económico necesario para integrar esos microdatos en una única base de datos armonizada que estaría destinada a la investigación académica y a la que se podría acceder desde Internet. Los microdatos censales de 1960, 1970, 1990 y 2000 de México ya han sido integrados (www.ipums.org/international) como resultado del trabajo colectivo desarrollado en el INEGI, socio fundador del proyecto, de destacados demógrafos mexicanos, y del Population Center de la Universidad de Minnesota. AbstractThanks to the pioneering efforts of Dr. Gustavo Cabrera and other leading demographers, Latin America contains a vast archive of census microdata, the majority of which, however, are inaccessible to researchers.Throughout his academic and scientific career, Professor Cabrera was constantly concerned with information sources. The Integrated Public Use of Microdata Series for Latin America (IPUMS-AL) has embarked on the difficult task of integrating the census microdata from this region by making intensive and extensive use of new technologies, but above all, by infusing them with the determination with which Latin American institutions and eminent demographers have sought to improve the quality and ensure the preservation of these data, which undoubtedly constitute one of Latin America’s statistical treasures.The IPUMS-Latin American project has the financial basis required to incorporate these microdata into a single data base that will be used for academic research and be accessible via the Internet. The census microdata of 1960, 1970, 1990 and 2000 on Mexico have already been integrated  (www.ipums.org/international) as a result of the collective work undertaken by INEGI, a founding member of the project, leading Mexican demographers, and the University of Minnesota Population Center.

scholarly journals USA and China in Latin America: Contours of Competition

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Pavlovich Yakovlev
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Total Trade ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Trade Wars ◽  
Latin American Countries

In the last decade Latin America in trade, economic and financial terms turns out to be increasingly “sandwiched” between the United States and China, which accounted for more than half of the total trade of Latin American countries, and also a crucial part of entering the region investment and credit resources. This circumstance has the strongest impact on the structure and orientation of foreign economic relations and foreign policy contacts. In the foreseeable future one of the complexities of foreign policy of the Latin American countries will be delaying action between the United States and China, are becoming involved in hybrid war for dominance in the global economy and trade. In Latin American capitals the USA-Chinese rivalry at the global level are watched with suspicion and fear. It is connected not only with the current situation, but with the dynamics of relations between Washington and Beijing, the intensification of contradictions at the global and regional levels. Latin Americans believe that initiation of trade wars and other kinds of American-Chinese confrontation could harm the development of the world economy and harm the crucial interests of the region, which is critically dependent on international goods and financial markets. The main challenge is the diversification of international relations of the Latin American States, the broadening of their economic and political partners. Only in this way can be weakened the hyper dependence of Latin America from Washington and Beijing, and reversed the negative effects of the ongoing protectionist policies and trade wars initiated by the administration of Donald Trump.

Sorting Out the Mixed Economy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy C. Offner
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
New Deal ◽  
The United States ◽  
Business Associations ◽  
Welfare Programs ◽  
The Road ◽  
Social Welfare Programs ◽  
The Third World ◽  
The New Deal

In the years after 1945, a flood of U.S. advisors swept into Latin America with dreams of building a new economic order and lifting the Third World out of poverty. These businessmen, economists, community workers, and architects went south with the gospel of the New Deal on their lips, but Latin American realities soon revealed unexpected possibilities within the New Deal itself. In Colombia, Latin Americans and U.S. advisors ended up decentralizing the state, privatizing public functions, and launching austere social welfare programs. By the 1960s, they had remade the country's housing projects, river valleys, and universities. They had also generated new lessons for the United States itself. When the Johnson administration launched the War on Poverty, U.S. social movements, business associations, and government agencies all promised to repatriate the lessons of development, and they did so by multiplying the uses of austerity and for-profit contracting within their own welfare state. A decade later, ascendant right-wing movements seeking to dismantle the midcentury state did not need to reach for entirely new ideas: they redeployed policies already at hand. This book brings readers to Colombia and back, showing the entanglement of American societies and the contradictory promises of midcentury statebuilding. The untold story of how the road from the New Deal to the Great Society ran through Latin America, the book also offers a surprising new account of the origins of neoliberalism.

Electoral Rules and Democracy in Latin America

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia McClintock
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Latin American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Electoral Rules ◽  
New Parties ◽  
Political Exclusion ◽  
Number Of Parties ◽  
Freedom House

During Latin America’s third democratic wave, a majority of countries adopted a runoff rule for the election of the president. This book is the first rigorous assessment of the implications of runoff versus plurality for democracy in the region. Despite previous scholarly skepticism about runoff, it has been positive for Latin America, and could be for the United States also. Primarily through qualitative analysis for each Latin American country, I explore why runoff is superior to plurality. Runoff opens the political arena to new parties but at the same time ensures that the president does not suffer a legitimacy deficit and is not at an ideological extreme. By contrast, in a region in which undemocratic political parties are common, the continuation of these parties is abetted by plurality; political exclusion provoked disillusionment and facilitated the emergence of presidents at ideological extremes. In regression analysis, runoff was statistically significant to superior levels of democracy. Between 1990 and 2016, Freedom House and Varieties of Democracy scores plummeted in countries with plurality but improved in countries with runoff. Plurality advocates’ primary concern is the larger number of political parties under runoff. Although a larger number of parties was not significant to inferior levels of democracy, a plethora of parties is problematic, leading to a paucity of legislative majorities and inchoate parties. To ameliorate the problem, I recommend not reductions in the 50% threshold but the scheduling of the legislative election after the first round or thresholds for entry into the legislature.

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