scholarly journals Pengaruh ventilasi terhadap morfologi, stomata dan kadar klorofil tunas karet yang diperbanyak melalui microcutting Influence of ventilation on morphology, stomata and chlorophyll content of Hevea shoots propagated through microcutting

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
. NURHAIMI-HARIS ◽  
Nurul Siti AYUNINGTIAS ◽  
Irma Herawati SUPARTO
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Leaf Fall ◽  
Aluminium Foil ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Plant Condition ◽  
Green Filter ◽  
Green House ◽  
Yellow Filter ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Normal Environment

AbstractIn plant tissue culture, the culture vessels are usuallycovered tightly with screw caps, aluminium foils, parafilm,or plastic wrap. This condition restricts the exchange ofgases in culture vessels and will affect negatively thegrowth of explants. The use of ventilated closure improvesthe air quality in culture vessels. Microboxes provided withdifferent types of filter (yellow filter with Kv value13.09 Gas Exchange (GE)/day, green filter with Kv value81.35 GE/day and without filter) on their closure wereexamined as culture vessels for growing rubber explants atmultiplication step. The purpose of this research was toobserve the plant condition in different types of microboxcorresponding to the morphology, stomata and chlorophyllcontent of the shoots. The results showed no significantdifference of shoot height on each microbox. The use ofventilated closure increased significantly new leafformation and decreased leaf fall. Normal size and color ofleaves were found on shoots grown in microbox with greenfilter. Chlorophyll analysis revealed no significantdifferences on three types of microbox, however visualobservation showed that leaves were greener on microboxwith green filter. The stomata condition of shoots onmicrobox with green filter were similar with those ofmother plants in green house, while different condition ofstomata were found on shoots grown in microbox withyellow filter or without filter. In normal environment suchas at the field and green house, most of stomata wereclosed, in microbox provided with filter on the closure,most of stomata were half open, while on microbox withoutfilter most of stomata were wide open.bstrakDalam kultur jaringan tanaman, tabung/botol kulturditutup rapat dengan penutup yang dilengkapi ulir,aluminium foil, parafilm atau plastik wrap. Kondisitersebut menghambat pertukaran udara dalam tabung kultursehingga sering memberikan pengaruh negatif terhadappertumbuhan eksplan. Penggunaan penutup berventilasidapat meningkatkan kualitas udara dalam lingkungantabung/botol kultur. Oleh karena itu microbox denganpenutup berfilter diuji sebagai wadah untuk menumbuhkaneksplan karet pada tahap multiplikasi, yaitu microboxberfilter kuning dengan nilai Kv sebesar 13,09 (GasExchange (GE)/hari dan berfilter hijau dengan nilai Kvsebesar 81,35 GE/hari, sedangkan sebagai kontrol adalahmicrobox tanpa filter (tertutup rapat). Penelitian bertujuanmengamati kondisi tunas di dalam microbox berfilter,meliputi morfologi, stomata dan kandungan klorofil. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa tinggi tunas tidak berbedanyata pada masing-masing microbox. Jumlah daun barudan daun gugur berbeda nyata, dimana pembentukan daunbaru terbanyak terdapat pada tunas dalam microboxberfilter kuning maupun hijau. Ukuran dan warna daunterlihat normal pada tunas dalam microbox berfilter hijau.Analisis kandungan klorofil tidak menunjukkan perbedaannyata, namun pengamatan visual menunjukkan bahwa daunlebih hijau pada microbox dengan filter hijau. Kondisistomata daun dari tunas dalam microbox dengan penutupberfilter hijau menyerupai stomata tanaman induk yangterdapat di rumah kaca dan lapangan, sedangkan kondisistomata berbeda ditemukan pada tunas dalam microboxberfilter kuning atau tanpa filter. Pada lingkungan normalseperti lapangan dan rumah kaca, sebagian besar stomatamenutup, pada wadah dengan tutup berfilter stomata agakmembuka sedangkan pada microbox tanpa filter sebagianbesar stomata terbuka lebar.

scholarly journals Pengaruh ventilasi terhadap morfologi, stomata dan kadar klorofil tunas karet yang diperbanyak melalui microcutting Influence of ventilation on morphology, stomata and chlorophyll content of Hevea shoots propagated through microcutting

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
. NURHAIMI-HARIS ◽  
Nurul Siti AYUNINGTIAS ◽  
Irma Herawati SUPARTO
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Leaf Fall ◽  
Aluminium Foil ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Plant Condition ◽  
Green Filter ◽  
Green House ◽  
Yellow Filter ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Normal Environment

AbstractIn plant tissue culture, the culture vessels are usuallycovered tightly with screw caps, aluminium foils, parafilm,or plastic wrap. This condition restricts the exchange ofgases in culture vessels and will affect negatively thegrowth of explants. The use of ventilated closure improvesthe air quality in culture vessels. Microboxes provided withdifferent types of filter (yellow filter with Kv value13.09 Gas Exchange (GE)/day, green filter with Kv value81.35 GE/day and without filter) on their closure wereexamined as culture vessels for growing rubber explants atmultiplication step. The purpose of this research was toobserve the plant condition in different types of microboxcorresponding to the morphology, stomata and chlorophyllcontent of the shoots. The results showed no significantdifference of shoot height on each microbox. The use ofventilated closure increased significantly new leafformation and decreased leaf fall. Normal size and color ofleaves were found on shoots grown in microbox with greenfilter. Chlorophyll analysis revealed no significantdifferences on three types of microbox, however visualobservation showed that leaves were greener on microboxwith green filter. The stomata condition of shoots onmicrobox with green filter were similar with those ofmother plants in green house, while different condition ofstomata were found on shoots grown in microbox withyellow filter or without filter. In normal environment suchas at the field and green house, most of stomata wereclosed, in microbox provided with filter on the closure,most of stomata were half open, while on microbox withoutfilter most of stomata were wide open.bstrakDalam kultur jaringan tanaman, tabung/botol kulturditutup rapat dengan penutup yang dilengkapi ulir,aluminium foil, parafilm atau plastik wrap. Kondisitersebut menghambat pertukaran udara dalam tabung kultursehingga sering memberikan pengaruh negatif terhadappertumbuhan eksplan. Penggunaan penutup berventilasidapat meningkatkan kualitas udara dalam lingkungantabung/botol kultur. Oleh karena itu microbox denganpenutup berfilter diuji sebagai wadah untuk menumbuhkaneksplan karet pada tahap multiplikasi, yaitu microboxberfilter kuning dengan nilai Kv sebesar 13,09 (GasExchange (GE)/hari dan berfilter hijau dengan nilai Kvsebesar 81,35 GE/hari, sedangkan sebagai kontrol adalahmicrobox tanpa filter (tertutup rapat). Penelitian bertujuanmengamati kondisi tunas di dalam microbox berfilter,meliputi morfologi, stomata dan kandungan klorofil. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa tinggi tunas tidak berbedanyata pada masing-masing microbox. Jumlah daun barudan daun gugur berbeda nyata, dimana pembentukan daunbaru terbanyak terdapat pada tunas dalam microboxberfilter kuning maupun hijau. Ukuran dan warna daunterlihat normal pada tunas dalam microbox berfilter hijau.Analisis kandungan klorofil tidak menunjukkan perbedaannyata, namun pengamatan visual menunjukkan bahwa daunlebih hijau pada microbox dengan filter hijau. Kondisistomata daun dari tunas dalam microbox dengan penutupberfilter hijau menyerupai stomata tanaman induk yangterdapat di rumah kaca dan lapangan, sedangkan kondisistomata berbeda ditemukan pada tunas dalam microboxberfilter kuning atau tanpa filter. Pada lingkungan normalseperti lapangan dan rumah kaca, sebagian besar stomatamenutup, pada wadah dengan tutup berfilter stomata agakmembuka sedangkan pada microbox tanpa filter sebagianbesar stomata terbuka lebar.

Seasonal wound presence and susceptibility to Neonectria ditissima infection in New Zealand apple trees

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 250-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.T. Amponsah ◽  
M. Walter R.M. Beresford ◽  
R.W.A. Scheper
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Artificial Inoculation ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Leaf Fall ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Leaf Scar ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Different Types

Leaf scar wounds are important sites for Neonectria ditissima infection of apple trees Monitoring leaf fall in Scilate/Envy and Braeburn trees to estimate leaf scar wound presence showed maximum leaf scar incidence occurred in June (early winter) Wounds detected in New Zealand apple orchards were bud scale scars fruit thinning and picking wounds leaf scars and pruning cuts Picking wounds are caused during harvest where the pedicel is detached from the shoot Susceptibility of these different types of wounds was determined using artificial inoculation of N ditissima conidia during the season Pruning cut wounds were the most susceptible followed by fruit picking and thinning wounds and the least susceptible were leaf scar wounds No infections were observed when bud scale wounds were inoculated There was no difference in wound susceptibility between cultivars but overall Scilate/Envy wounds developed more lesions than Braeburn wounds

scholarly journals The effect of NAA and coconut water combination on garlic (Allium sativum L.) tissue culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 905 (1) ◽  
pp. 012036
Author(s):  
Nandariyah ◽  
L S Mahmudah ◽  
R B Arniputri ◽  
A T Sakya
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Emergence Time ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Tissue Culture Techniques ◽  
Number Of Shoots

Abstract Tissue culture techniques can increase the number of garlic seedlings. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of NAA and coconut water in increasing the number of garlic seeds. This research used a Completely Randomized Design of two factors. The treatment used is NAA with concentrations of 0 ppm, 0.5 ppm, 1 ppm, 1.5 ppm, and coconut water concentrations of 0%, 10%, 20%. The variables observed were shoot emergence time, root emergence time, number of shoots, number of roots, number of leaves, shoot height, root length, and number of plantlets. The results showed that the addition of coconut water 20% without the addition of NAA in 1 bulb can produce 3.33 planlets and the results of explant propagation in 1 bulb can produce the number of shoots as many as 15.33 shoots. Giving coconut water with concentrations of 10% and 20% can increase the number of leaves, shoot height, and some planlets. The concentration of NAA 0.5 ppm can accelerate the root emergence time on garlic explant.

Morphology, yield and functional integrity of islet-like cell clusters in tissue culture of human fetal pancreata obtained after different means of abortion

1988 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Otonkoski ◽  
Mikael Knip ◽  
Pertti Panula ◽  
Sture Andersson ◽  
Inés Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Protein Biosynthesis ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Insulin Biosynthesis ◽  
Cell Clusters ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Induced Abortions ◽  
And Function

Abstract. Morphology, yield and function were studied in cultured islet-like cell clusters (ICC) from 140 human fetal pancreata obtained after abortions of different types performed at 11–23 weeks of gestation (12 by hysterotomy, 75 by mechanical dilation and extraction, and 53 induced with prostaglandin). After collagenase digestion and culture in medium supplemented with 10% human serum, up to 2000 free-floating ICC were formed from a single pancreas. Randomly scattered insulin- and glucagon-immunoreactive cells were found in the medullary part of the ICC. More than 100 ICC developed in 100% of the hysterotomies and 87% of the mechanical abortions, but in only 53% of the prostaglandin-induced abortions. Insulin and glucagon levels in the culture medium decreased rapidly during the first 7 days of culture, but then remained stable for at least 31 days. The hysterotomy-derived ICC responded to 10 mmol/l theophylline plus 20 mmol/l glucose by a 12.2 ± 3.1 (sem, N = 7) fold increase in insulin release, as compared with a 5.4 ± 0.9 fold response of the prostaglandin ICC (N = 16; P < 0.02). Despite the low proportion of B-cells, (pro)insulin biosynthesis accounted for 10% of the total protein biosynthesis in low (2 mmol/l) glucose. In conclusion, the yield and viability of the ICC were clearly better, if prostaglandin had not been used for the induction of the abortion.

scholarly journals Multiplikasi Eksplan Tunas Anggrek Hitam (Coelogyne pandurata Lindl.) dengan Penambahan NAA (Naphthalene Acetic Acid) dan Ekstrak Biji Jagung (Zea mays) Secara In Vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Nurkapita Nurkapita ◽  
Riza Linda ◽  
Zulfa Zakiah
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Corn Seed ◽  
Randomized Design

(Article History: Received February 18, 2021; Revised April 27, 2021; Accepted May 19, 2021) ABSTRAKPerkembangbiakan anggrek secara generatif alami membutuhkan bantuan jamur mikoriza untuk perkecambahan biji, sedangkan usaha perbanyakan konvensional memerlukan waktu lama untuk memperoleh tanaman dalam jumlah banyak. Salah satu alternatif untuk perbanyakan anggrek hitam (Coelogyne pandurata Lindl.) adalah melalui multiplikasi tunas anggrek secara in vitro. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk membuktikan pengaruh pemberian NAA (Naphthalene Acetic Acid) dan ekstrak biji jagung (Zea mays) terhadap multiplikasi tunas anggrek hitam. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Jurusan Biologi Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Tanjungpura Pontianak. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial dengan dua faktor perlakuan. Faktor pertama adalah NAA terdiri dari 5 taraf konsentrasi yaitu A0 (0 M/ kontrol) A1 (10-7 M), A2 (10-6 M), A3 (5x10-7 M) dan A4 (5x10-6 M ) dan faktor ekstrak biji jagung (B) dengan 5 taraf konsentrasi yaitu B0 (0%), B1 (2,5%), B2 (5%); B3 (7,5%) dan B4 (10%). Pemberian kombinasi NAA dan ekstrak biji jagung berpengaruh nyata terhadap semua parameter yaitu jumlah tunas, jumlah daun, dan tinggi tunas. Hasil terbaik rerata jumlah tunas pada perlakuan A4+B4 yaitu 5x10-6M NAA+10% ekstrak biji jagung. Hasil terbaik pada rerata jumlah daun pada perlakuan A2+B2 yaitu 5x10-7M NAA+5% ekstrak biji jagung dan hasil terbaik pada rerata tinggi tunas pada perlakuan A1+B1 yaitu 10-7M NAA+2,5% ekstrak biji jagung.Kata Kunci: multiplikasi; tunas anggrek hitam; ekstrak biji jagung; NAA. ABSTRACTGenerative reproduction of orchid plants it takes a requires the help of mycorriza mushrooms for seed germination, whereas conventional propagation business takes a long time to obtain large quantities of plants. One alternative to the propagation black orchids (Coelogyne pandurata Lindl.) is required through tissue culture techniques. The purpose of this study is to find the influence and concentration corn seed extract (Zea mays) and NAA (Naphthalene Acetic Acid) on the multiplication black orchids. This research was conducted in the tissue culture laboratory Biology Department Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Tanjungpura University Pontianak. The study used a Complete Randomized Design (RAL) of factorial patterns with two treatment factors. The first factor is that the NAA consists of 5 concentration levels  A0 (0 M) A1 (10-7 M), A2 (10-6 M), A3 (5x10-7 M) and A4 (5x10-6 M ) and the second factor is that corn seed extract of 5 levels concentratio B0(0%), B1 (2,5%), B2 (5%); B3 (7,5%) and B4 (10%). The administration NAA and corn seed extract in combination has a real effect on all parameters namely the number shoots, the number leaves, and the height shoots. The best results where the average number of shoots in the treatment of A2+B2 namely 5x10-6M NAA + 10% corn seed extract. The best results average number of leaves in the treatment  A2+B2 namely 5x10-7M NAA + 5% corn seed extract and in the best results for shoot height in the treatment of A1+B1 namely 10-7M NAA + 2.5% corn seed extract.Keywords: Multiplication; black orchid’s shoot; corn  seed extract; NAA

scholarly journals The Various Methods used for the Clonal Propagation in Horticultural Crops: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunal Sharma ◽  
Tanishka Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Clonal Propagation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Asexual Propagation ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Propagation Methods ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Parent

The propagation of plant is required for the purpose of the multiplication of new plants. The producers want desired character of plant and for that purpose they need true to type plants. The true to type plants can’t be produce by the sexual reproduction. The different types of clonal propagation methods can be used for the producing true to type plants Clone means plants which are the exact copy of the individual parents by asexual propagation. Clonal propagation can be used as a method of the production of the genetically identical copies of the individual parent. The clones are required for the purpose of producing identical plants as sexually propagated plants have different variations which can affect the yield, quality and the other characters. To avoid these variations asexual methods are promoted for the propagation of genetically identical new plant such as cutting, layering, tissue culture etc. Many researchers have carried out the work to develop new and different techniques for the sole purpose of clonal propagation of plant.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF SOME TYPES OF SEAWEEDS ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF SHALLOT (Allium ascalonicum L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramal Yusuf ◽  
Abdul Syakur ◽  
Budiatno Budiatno ◽  
Hidayati Mas'ud
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Green House ◽  
Food Research ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Eucheuma Cottonii ◽  
Flavor Enhancer

Shallot plant is often used as a flavor enhancer and appetite enhancer food. Research on shallotcrop has been done. Application of seaweedsgive a different effect on increasing the productivity and growth of shallots. This study aims to determine the effect of applying different types of seaweed on growth and yield of shallot variety Lembah Palu. This research was conducted at the Green House of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tadulako from March to May 2016. The study conducted using a randomized block design (RBD).  The treatments: B0 = control, B1 = NPK 0.2 g / pot, B2 = (Cauelerpa sp) 100 ml/pot, B3 = (Sargassum sp) 100 ml/pot, B4 = (Eucheuma cottonii) 100 ml /pot, B5 = Sea lettuce (Ulva sp) 100 ml/pot. there are six treatments, each treatment was replicated four times, so there are 24 experimental units. The results indicatedthat the application of various types of seaweed significant effect on plant height, fresh weight of the plants, the fresh weight of tuber and diameter of the bulb.

scholarly journals Augmentation of spontaneous macrophage-mediated cytolysis by eosinophil peroxidase

1982 ◽  
Vol 155 (5) ◽  
pp. 1291-1308 ◽  
Author(s):  
CF Nathan ◽  
SJ Klebanoff
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Bacillus Calmette Guerin ◽  
Activated Macrophages ◽  
Cationic Protein ◽  
Percent Inhibition ◽  
Eosinophil Peroxidase ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Horse Blood

Eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), a cationic protein purified from horse blood, adhered to four different types of tumor cells, markedly potentiating their lysis by preformed or enzymatically generated H(2)0(2) (up to 76-fold, as assayed in serum-containing tissue culture medium without supplemental halide). Similarly, compared with uncoated tumor cells, EPO-coated tumor cells were up to 32 times more sensitive to lysis when incubated with macrophages or granulocytes whose respiratory burst was triggered by PMA. However, EPO-coated tumor cells were also readily lysed by bacillus Calmette- Guerin-activated macrophages in the absence of exogenous triggering agents. This spontaneous cytolysis was rapid (50 percent at 2 h) and potent (50 percent lysis at macrophage/tumor cell ratios of 1.5 to 4.6), and was observed with both a peroxide-sensitive tumor (TLX9) and a peroxide-resistant tumor (NK lymphoma). Under the conditions used, neither EPO alone nor macrophages alone were spontaneously cytolytic. Neither EPO nor EPO-coated tumor cells triggered a detectable increment in H(2)0(2) release from macrophages. Nonetheless, spontaneous macrophage-mediated cytolysis of EPO- coated tumor cells was completely inhibitable by catalase (50 percent inhibition, 23 U/ml), although not by heated catalase, indicating a requirement for H(2)0(2). Cytolysis was also completely inhibitable by azide (50 percent inhibition, 2.6 X 10 -5 M), indicating a requirement for enzymatic activity of EPO. Thus, a cytophilic peroxidase from eosinophils and H(2)0(2) spontaneously released from activated macrophages interacted synergistically in a physiologic medium to destroy tumor cells.

RESPONSE OF TURMERIC SHOOT EXPLANT AFTER CYTOKININ WITH IN VITRO

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-152
Author(s):  
Marhan Nurullia ◽  
Erni Suminar Suminar ◽  
Anne Nurani
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
T Test ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Laminar Air Flow

This study was aimed at determining the response of turmeric shoot explants after the provision of various types and concentrations of cytokinins in vitro. This experiment was conducted at the Tissue Culture Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University from January to April 2018. The data were analyzed using T-Test. The experimental method used in this research was Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Explant planting was carried out in Laminar Air Flow. The experiment consisted of 7 treatments consisting of 4 replications and each test consisted of 4 units. Observation of this experiment was carried out for 12 MST. The main observations were made on the data that were tested statistically namely the percentage of explant growing shoots, percentage of explant growing roots, shoot height, number of tuns, number of roots and root length. The treatments consisted of Control, 2.5 mg L-1 BAP, 5 mg L-1 BAP, 0.5 mg L-1 TDZ, 1 mg L-1 TDZ, 0.01 mg L-1 Zeatin and 0.1 mg L Zeatin -1. The results show that the treatment of 1 mg L-1 TDZ shows the best response to the growth of turmeric explants by increasing the number of turmeric shoot explants than the others.RESPONS EKSPLAN TUNAS KUNYIT SETELAH SITOKININ SECARA IN VITROTujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk melihat respons eksplan tunas kunyit terhadap pemberian berbagai jenis dan konsentrasi sitokinin secara in vitro. Percobaan ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran dari bulan Januari sampai April 2018. Hasil percobaan dianalisis dengan Sample T-Test. Metode percobaan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Penanaman eksplan dilakukan di dalam Laminar Air Flow. Percobaan terdiri dari 7 perlakuan sebanyak 4 ulangan dan setiap ulangan terdiri dari 4 unit. Pengamatan percobaan ini dilakukan selama 12 MST. Pengamatan utama dilakukan terhadap data-data yang diuji secara statistik yakni persentase eksplan tumbuh tunas, persentse eksplan tumbuh akar, tinggi tunas, jumlah tunas, jumlah akar dan panjang akar. Perlakuan terdiri dari Kontrol; 2,5 mg L-1 BAP; 5 mg L-1 BAP; 0,5 mg L-1 TDZ; 1 mg L-1 TDZ; 0,01 mg L-1 Zeatin; dan 0,1 mg L-1 Zeatin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan 1 mg L-1 TDZ menunjukkan respons yang lebih baik terhadap pertumbuhan eksplan kunyit dengan meningkatkan jumlah tunas eksplan tanaman kunyit daripada yang lainnya.

scholarly journals A Rapid Technique for Determination of Races of Phytophthora nicotianae on Tobacco

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 985-989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter A. Gutiérrez ◽  
Asimina L. Mila
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Phytophthora Nicotianae ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Laboratory Technique ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Differential Cultivars ◽  
Tobacco Seedlings

A laboratory technique for determining races of Phytophthora nicotianae on tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) was developed and compared with a commonly used greenhouse method. The laboratory technique was based on production and inoculation of tobacco seedlings in tissue culture plates. Three P. nicotianae isolates from North Carolina previously determined as race 0 and 1 were used. Four tobacco cultivars and two breeding lines with different types of resistance were used as differential cultivars: K-326, K-346, NC-71, NC-1071, L8, and Ky14xL8. Plants were evaluated 7 and 14 days after inoculation. Five differential cultivars (K-326, K-346, NC-1071, NC-71, and L8) were determined to be sufficient to differentiate races 0 and 1. Cv. Ky14xL8 was ineffective for differentiation of races and produced inconsistent results. The laboratory technique was as effective as the greenhouse technique for distinguishing different races of P. nicotianae for every isolate in all experiments. Additionally, the most reliable results for both methods were obtained when evaluations were made 14 days after inoculation. The laboratory technique was validated with 21 isolates collected from four counties in North Carolina. The laboratory technique produced results 2 weeks faster than the greenhouse technique and required significantly less space and labor than the greenhouse technique for the same number of isolates. Additionally, the larger number of seedlings used in the laboratory technique increased the robustness of the results, especially for isolates for which race identification was unclear with the greenhouse technique. We propose that the laboratory technique has the potential for evaluation of tobacco resistance in other pathosystems as well.

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