scholarly journals Comportamiento productivo e ingestivo de ovinos en crecimiento en sistemas silvopastoriles y de engorda en confinamiento

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 870-884
Author(s):  
Carlos Ricardo Villanueva-Partida ◽  
Víctor Francisco Díaz-Echeverría ◽  
Alfonso Juventino Chay-Canul ◽  
Luis Ramírez Avilés ◽  
Fernando Casanova-Lugo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Panicum Maximum

El objetivo fue comparar los parámetros de comportamiento productivo e ingestivo de ovinos alimentados en sistemas silvopastoriles y confinamiento. Se evaluaron los consumos de materia seca (CMS), de materia orgánica (CMO), de proteína cruda (PC) y de fibra detergente neutro (CFDN), la ganancia diaria de peso (GDP), el tiempo dedicado al consumo (TPC), a la rumia (TPR), a caminar (TPCM) y otras actividades (TPOA), en 18 ovinos con peso inicial de 16.83 ± 2.57 kg, distribuidos en un diseño completamente al azar, con tres tratamientos: dos tipos de sistemas silvopastoriles (SSP): 1) Leucaena leucocephala y Cynodon plectostachyus (L+E); 2) L. leucocephala y Panicum maximum (L+M); 3) Sistema de engorda en confinamiento (SEC). Se realizaron contrastes ortogonales para comparar el SEC vs los SSP y entre los SSP.  Se encontró un mayor (P<0.001) CMS, CMO, CPC, CFDN y GDP en el SEC (1246.2, 1073.0, 157.1, 364.0 y 195 g animal día-1, respectivamente) comparado con los tipos de SSP. Los CMS, CMO, CPC y CFDN fueron mayores (P<0.001) en el L+M (772.2, 662.7, 124.0, 334.2 g animal día-1, respectivamente) que en L+E (548.9, 86.20, 483.0, 252.3 g, respectivamente); aunque la GDP fue similar en ambos SSP (102 y 114 g). El SEC resultó con un menor (P<0.001) TPC (148.33 min) que los SSP. Animales en L+E invirtieron menos (P<0.05) TPC (318.3 min) que en L+M (344.6 min). Animales en SEC utilizan mayor (P<0.001) TPOA (247.9 min) que en los SSP. Sin embargo, el TPOA fue similar entre los SSP.

Effect of plant density and spatial arrangement on the yield of Leucaena leucocephala cv. Peru in subcoastal south-eastern Queensland

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 577 ◽  
Author(s):  
DG Cooksley ◽  
EA Goward
Keyword(s):  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Density Maximum ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Annual Total ◽  
Establishment Phase

Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala cv. Peru) was sown at 5 plant densities with 2 spatial arrangements at Brian Pastures Pasture Research Station, Gayndah, to determine the effects of these factors on leucaena and inter-row grass dry matter yield. During the 2 year establishment phase, yields of edible leucaena (leaves, pods, flowers and stems to a diameter of 5 mm) averaged 4400 and 2440 kg/ha respectively. Yields in subsequent years stabilised to an overall mean of 1360 kg/ha, with the amount of edible leucaena increasing with increasing leucaena plant density from 640 to 2260 kg/ha at 6000 and 62 500 leucaena plants/ha respectively. Edible leucaena yield for the mean of the 5 plant densities was increased by 38% when row spacing was doubled. Yields of both total and senesced leucaena were directly related to the annual rainfall. At the end of each growing season in May, edible leucaena yield remained stable between rainfall extremes of 492 and 878 mm while the amount of senesced leucaena litter increased. Edible leucaena yield was directly related to leucaena plant density (R2= 0.86). Annual total leucaena yield (edible leucaena yield plus leucaena litter) was best related to the plant parameters leucaena plant volume (R2 = 0.92), leucaena stem numbers (R2 = 0.90) and leucaena stem diameter (R2 = 0.90). Number of green panic (Panicum maximum var, trichoglume) shoots showed a marked increase at the 3 higher leucaena densities (mean of 28 shoots/m2) compared with the 2 lower leucaena densities (mean of 7 shoots/m2). Total soil nitrogen also increased at the 3 higher leucaena densities (mean of 0.186%) relative to the 2 lower leucaena densities (mean of 0.170%). Inter-row grass and grass litter yields both declined from 4640 and 4010 kg/ha to 31 10 and 2420 kg/ha respectively with increasing leucaena density. Maximum yields of edible leucaena were obtained when leucaena was grown at a density of 62 500 plants per ha in rows 0.8 m apart.

In Vitro gas production assessement of Panicum maximum incubated with Leucaena leucocephala at varying proportions to predict the nutritional value for ruminants

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-377
Author(s):  
O. O. Falola ◽  
O. O. Olufayo
Keyword(s):  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
The Tropics

The inclusion of multipurpose trees with grass such as Panicum maximum in the diet of ruminants may enhance productivity. Thus, the study was carried out to determine the proximate composition, in vitro gas production characteristics and parameters of Leucaena leucocephala and Panicum maximum at varying proportions. Five diets were formulated such that Panicum maximum was substituted with Leucaena leucocephala at different ratio: T1 (100% Panicum maximum), T2 (100% Leuceana leucocephala), T3 (50% P. maximum + 50% L. leucocephala), T4 (75% P. maximum + 25% L .leucocephala) and T5 (25% P. maximum + 75% L. leucocephala). Data were subjected to analysis of variance. Values obtained for dry matter (34.43 –35.95g/100g) decreased with the increased inclusion of Leuceana leucocephala in the diets. The crude fiber values (14.33 – 30.75g/100g) also followed the same trend while crude protein (CP) content (10.70 – 26.78g/100g) increased the inclusion of Leucaena leucocephala in the diets. There were significant (P < 0.05) differences in the treatment means of organic matter digestibility (OMD 31.93 – 37.07%), Metabolisable energy (ME 3.62 – 4.33 MJ/kgDM), short chain fatty acids (SCFA 0.04 – 0.16mL) and methane (ME 1.00 – 2.50 mL).The values (2.00 – 4.67 ml/200mgDM) obtained for immediate soluble 'a' was significantly (P < 0.05) different among the treatments. The extent of gas production (a+b) ranged from 2.00 – 4.67 mL/200mgDM, T1 (100% Panicum maximum) recorded the lowest while highest was observed in T2 (100% Leucaena leucocephala). The insoluble but degradable fraction 'b'ranged from 2.67 – 5.67ml/200mgDM, while the rate of gas production 'c' ranged from 0.04 – 0.14ml/hr. In conclusion, the enhanced values of crude protein, OMD, SCFA, and ME in the Panicum maximum and Leucaena leucocephala mixture indicate that the diets is able to meet the nutrients requirements of small ruminants in the tropics especially during the dry season.

scholarly journals Efeitos do capim mombaça (panicum maximum cv. mombaça) e melaço em pó na silagem de leucena (leucaena leucocephala)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Henrique Viana Roberto ◽  
Jean Kaique Valentim ◽  
Antônio Augusto Rocha Athaíde ◽  
Gabriel Machado Dalago ◽  
Guilherme Resende de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Panicum Maximum

scholarly journals Producción de forraje y respuesta de cabras en crecimiento en arreglos silvopastoriles basados en Guazuma ulmifolia, Leucaena leucocephala y Crescentia cujete

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Rodríguez Fernández ◽  
Belisario Roncallo Fandiño
Keyword(s):  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Guazuma Ulmifolia ◽  
Crescentia Cujete

El monocultivo de gramíneas, además de no ajustarse a los hábitos alimenticios naturales de los caprinos, presenta una deficiente producción de forraje durante la época de sequía, con repercusiones negativas sobre la productividad animal. Se determinaron las ventajas productivas de los arreglos silvopastoriles para sistemas de producción caprinos. Se utilizó un diseño experimental completamente al azar, con medidas repetidas en el tiempo. Se evaluaron seis tratamientos: monocultivo de pasto kikuyina (Bothriochloa pertusa) y monocultivo de pasto guinea (Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania) como testigos; y cuatro arreglos basados en guácimo (Guazuma ulmifolia); totumo (Crescentia cujete); leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala); y mixto (guácimo, totumo, leucaena). Las informaciones obtenidas se sometieron a análisis de varianza. Los resultados revelaron mayor producción de forraje en los arreglos silvopastoriles en relación con el monocultivo de Bothriochloa pertusa. El mayor (p &lt; 0,05) crecimiento en altura, de 9 a 14 meses de edad, correspondió a leucaena. Los arreglos asociados presentaron ventajas en producción de forraje comparado con B. pertusa. Se destaca la más alta producción de materia seca de pasto guinea. La ganancia de peso de las cabras en crecimiento fue baja; sin embargo, se observó una respuesta diferenciada por los tratamientos. Los arreglos silvopastoriles presentaron las mayores (p &lt; 0,05) ganancias de peso (22,5 a 33,6 g/animal al día) en relación con el monocultivo pasto guinea (13,2 g/animal al día). Las cabras en crecimiento presentaron mayores porcentajes de celo en los tratamientos mixto (66,7%), y los basados en guácimo (66,7%) y en leucaena (55,6%).

scholarly journals Fermentación ruminal y producción de metano usando la técnica de gas in vitro en forrajes de un sistema silvopastoril de ovinos de Chiapas, México

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-314
Author(s):  
Angel Jiménez Santiago ◽  
Guillermo Jiménez Ferrer ◽  
Armando Alayón-Gamboa ◽  
Esaú De Jesús Pérez-Luna ◽  
Angel Trinidad Piñeiro-Vázquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Musa Paradisiaca

Se evaluaron mediante la técnica de producción de gas in vitro, fuentes energéticas locales (melaza, Zea mays L. y Musa paradisiaca L.) sobre la fermentación ruminal y producción de metano de diversos forrajes usados en un sistema silvopastoril con Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania, Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) y Leucaena leucocephala cv. Cunningham, con ovinos. Se usaron cinco borregos Pelibuey x Katahdin 40 ± 3 (μ±DE) kg como donantes de líquido ruminal. Se analizaron cinco tratamientos (dietas) con diferentes mezclas de follaje de arbóreas y fuentes energéticas en un diseño experimental completamente al azar. M. paradisiaca y Z. mays presentaron los mayores registros de volumen (V) máximo en producción de gas (544 y 467 ml/g-1 MS, respectivamente) (P≤0.05). El follaje de G. sepium y L. leucocephala tuvieron los menores valores de V (253 y 180 ml/g-1 MS, respectivamente) (P≤0.05). La dieta D4 GMP (48 % P. maximum, 30 % G. sepium, 7 % Zea mays, 15 % M. paradisiaca) registro el mayor valor de V. No hubo diferencia (P>0.05) en la producción de metano en las dietas usadas, teniendo un rango de 6.31 a 9.60 de LCH4/kg MSDIG. Se generó un índice de emisión potencial de gases fermentables (IPEGF), el cual sugirió que dietas con carbohidratos de lenta fermentación, contribuyen a un índice más alto de emisión de gases. Por su mejoramiento en la calidad de las dietas y en contribuir en una baja de emisiones de CH4, se sugiere el manejo de arbóreas forrajeras como G. sepium y L. leucocephala, incorporando fuentes energéticas locales.

scholarly journals Forage legumes included in diets with tropical grasses. I. Chemical composition and in-vitro digestibility

1969 ◽  
Vol 82 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 25-38
Author(s):  
Abner A. Rodríguez ◽  
Ernesto O. Riquelme ◽  
Paul F. Randel
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Stylosanthes Guianensis ◽  
Cynodon Nlemfuensis

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of including legume species (Leucaena leucocephala, Stylosanthes guianensis, Centrosema pubescens Benth or Neonotonia wightii) at levels of 0, 5, 10, 20, and 40% of the dry matter on the chemical composition (crude protein, CP neutral detergent fiber, NDF; acid detergent fiber, ADF) and on in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of mixtures of each legume with four grass species (Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst, Panicum maximum jacq., Pennisetum purpureum Schum., or Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). Of the legume species included, Leucaena leucocephala and Centrosema pubescens had the highest CP content and IVDMD, respectively. For the legumes, the mean CP and IVDMD values, respectively, were Leucaena leucocephala, 21.98 and 68.09; Stylosanthes guianensis, 13.70 and 63.44; Centrosema pubescens, 18.29 and 68.60; and Neonotonia wightii, 16.72 and 66.64%. For the grasses, they were, respectively, Cynodon nlemfuensis, 8.27 and 61.38; Panicum maximum, 7.64 and 60.06; Pennisetum purpureum, 8.02 and 53.47; and Sorghum bicolor, 7.57 and 59.62%. Neutral detergent fiber and ADF contents were higher in the grasses (Cynodon nlemfuensis, 73.03 and 44.45; Panicum maximum, 65.27 and 49.06; Pennisetum purpureum, 69.26 and 51.88; and Sorghum bicolor, 60.24 and 50.99%, respectively) than in the fegumes (Leucaena leucocephala, 50.52 and 28.50; Stylosanthes guianensis, 52.57 and 36.63; Centrosema pubescens, 58.43 and 34.84; and Neonotonia wightii, 54.11 and 33.23%, respectively). The chemical composition of the forages varied according to the relative proportions of the species included, as expected. However, the effects on IVDMD were not additive; rather, associative effects, mainly antagonistic, were observed in most of the mixtures.

Performance of sheep grazing Panicum maximum cv. Massai and supplemented with protein sources during the dry season

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
L.S. Fernandes ◽  
G.S. Difante ◽  
J.V. Emerenciano Neto ◽  
I.M.M. Araújo ◽  
E.L.L. Veras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Nutritional Needs

The low quality of tropical grasses in the dry season justifies the use of dietary supplements to meet the nutritional needs of sheep. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation with high-protein feed on mutton sheep performance and yield in Massai grass pastures during the dry season. The treatments corresponded to four supplements, namely Leucaena leucocephala leaf hay, Gliricidia sepium leaf hay, soybean meal, and a treatment that received only multiple mixture (protein salt) ad libitum. The pasture was evaluated for canopy height, forage supply, and chemical composition of leaf blade, stem and dead material. Average daily gain, weight gain per area, and the stocking rate were also evaluated. There were four grazing cycles because the grazing method was rotational stocking with seven days of occupation and 35 days of rest. The interaction between supplements and grazing cycles was not significant, and no effects of the supplements were found for any of the variables. The highest forage and leaf blade offerings were observed in the first grazing cycle. The highest levels of crude protein and lower neutral detergent fibre and lignin of pasture components were observed in cycles 3 and 4. The highest average daily gains per animal and per area were observed in cycles 1 and 2. Protein supplementation of sheep in Massai grass pastures promotes satisfactory gains during the dry season, and Leucaena and Gliricidia hays can be used as protein sources instead of soybean meal. Keywords: Gliricidia sepium, leguminous, Leucaena leucocephala, pasture

scholarly journals Performance of West African dwarf goats fed Panicum maximum and concentrate diets supplemented with Lablab (Lablab purpureus), Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) and Gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium) foliage.

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-111
Author(s):  
O. J. Babayemi ◽  
F. T. Ajayi ◽  
A. A. Taiwo ◽  
M. A. Bamikole ◽  
A. K. Fajimi
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
West African ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Randomized Design

Performance of Sixteen West African dwarf (WAD) goats were evaluated by feeding varying proportions of Lablab purpureus (LP) and Panicum maximum (PM) based diets. The study lasted for 105 days during which Leucaena leucocephala (LL) with Panicum maximum (PM) were fed at ratio 25:75 (T), Gliricidia sepium (GS) and PM at ratio 25:75 (T) and Lablab purpureus (LP) with PM were fed at ratio 25:75 (T) and 50:50 (T)) respectively. Concentrate (13 % CP) was given to the animals at 1 % body weight. The animals were arranged in a completely randomized design. Parameters such as feed intake, growth rate, digestibility and nitrogen balance were monitored. The DM intake (g/kgW0.75/day) was not significant among the treatment means. Animals placed on 50 % lablab had better dry matter than goats in other treatments. Treatment 3 and 4 had highest values 115.71 and 121.87 respectively than the control, Treatment, The crude protein intake (g/ kgW0.75/day) was highest in treatment 4 (23.97) and lowest in treatment 3 (20.57). The liveweight gain (g/day) was highest in animals fed with leucaena and those on 50% lablab. The digestibility of DM, CP, ADF, ADL and NDF were generally higher than the control and best in the 50 % lablab supplementation. The N balance (g/kgW0.75/day) and retention were also highest in 50% lablab and lowest in 25 % Gliricidia supplemented diet. Result indicated that feeding lablab at 50 % supplementation with Panicum marimum-diets could lead to improve feed intake, weight gain, digestibility and nitrogen utilization in WAD

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