In Vitro gas production assessement of Panicum maximum incubated with Leucaena leucocephala at varying proportions to predict the nutritional value for ruminants

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-377
Author(s):  
O. O. Falola ◽  
O. O. Olufayo
Keyword(s):  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
The Tropics

The inclusion of multipurpose trees with grass such as Panicum maximum in the diet of ruminants may enhance productivity. Thus, the study was carried out to determine the proximate composition, in vitro gas production characteristics and parameters of Leucaena leucocephala and Panicum maximum at varying proportions. Five diets were formulated such that Panicum maximum was substituted with Leucaena leucocephala at different ratio: T1 (100% Panicum maximum), T2 (100% Leuceana leucocephala), T3 (50% P. maximum + 50% L. leucocephala), T4 (75% P. maximum + 25% L .leucocephala) and T5 (25% P. maximum + 75% L. leucocephala). Data were subjected to analysis of variance. Values obtained for dry matter (34.43 –35.95g/100g) decreased with the increased inclusion of Leuceana leucocephala in the diets. The crude fiber values (14.33 – 30.75g/100g) also followed the same trend while crude protein (CP) content (10.70 – 26.78g/100g) increased the inclusion of Leucaena leucocephala in the diets. There were significant (P < 0.05) differences in the treatment means of organic matter digestibility (OMD 31.93 – 37.07%), Metabolisable energy (ME 3.62 – 4.33 MJ/kgDM), short chain fatty acids (SCFA 0.04 – 0.16mL) and methane (ME 1.00 – 2.50 mL).The values (2.00 – 4.67 ml/200mgDM) obtained for immediate soluble 'a' was significantly (P < 0.05) different among the treatments. The extent of gas production (a+b) ranged from 2.00 – 4.67 mL/200mgDM, T1 (100% Panicum maximum) recorded the lowest while highest was observed in T2 (100% Leucaena leucocephala). The insoluble but degradable fraction 'b'ranged from 2.67 – 5.67ml/200mgDM, while the rate of gas production 'c' ranged from 0.04 – 0.14ml/hr. In conclusion, the enhanced values of crude protein, OMD, SCFA, and ME in the Panicum maximum and Leucaena leucocephala mixture indicate that the diets is able to meet the nutrients requirements of small ruminants in the tropics especially during the dry season.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and in vitro evaluation of the nutrient content of Panicum maximum-Moringa oleifera diets.

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-208
Author(s):  
A. N. Fajemisin
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Gross Energy

The ruminants in the tropics are slow growing, arising from low quality feed. The use of indigenous legume trees and Guinea grass is a good strategy for an improved livestock performance. The study determined the chemical composition, anti-nutritional factors and in vitro gas production characteristics of Panicum maximum-Moringa oleifera mixed diets. Five diets were formulated such that Panicum maximum was substituted with Moringa oleifera at ratio 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% in diets A, B, C, D and E respectively and they were incubated for 48 hr using in vitro gas production technique. The proximate composition, fibre franction, anti-nutrient, mineral contents and in vitro characteristics of the P.maximun M.oleifera mixed diets were determined and all data collected were subjected to one way analysis of variance and where there were significant (P<0.05) differences, means were compared using Duncan multiple range F-test. The results revealed that the observed values were significantly (p<0.05) influenced by the inclusion of Moringa oleifera in the diets with the exception of dry matter and gross energy. Dry matter values (87.00-89.72g/100g) decreased with the increased inclusion of Moringa oleifera in the diets, while protein content (9.26-26.68g/100g) increased with the increased inclusion of Moringa oleifera in the diets. It implied that the diets could be good sources of protein and energy that would meet the requirement of small ruminants for growth and production. Neutral detergent fibre and Acid detergent lignin values decreased with the increased inclusion of Moringa oleifera in the diets. However, the values of acid detergent fibre, hemicelluloses and cellulose ranged from 20.13 to 43.44g/100g, 6.88 to 14.45g/100g and 14.65 - 31.48g/100g respectively. Anti nutrient values were significantly (p<0.05) influenced by the treatment. Tannin concentrations in these diets were below the 6.00g/100g toxic level for small ruminants. The concentrations (g/100g) of Ca (0.12.-2.74), P (0.05 – 0.12), K (0.17 -2.78). Na (0.07 - 0.27), Fe (0.07 -0.17) and Zn (0.04 -0.16 ) varied significantly (p<0.05), the observed values were higher in diet E that contained 100% Moringa oleifera leaves than other diets. The high contents of these minerals in Moringa oleifera indicated that the requirements of sheep and goats for these minerals could be met if the plant is fed with grass ad libitum. There were significant (p<0.05) differences among the treatment means of metabolizable energy (ME 3.44-5,58 MJ/kg DM), organic matter digestibility (OMD 30.96-43.65 g/100g), short chain fatty acids (SCFA 0.05 -0.26 µmol) and methane (2.00 - 6.00 ml). Total gas and methane production increased with incubation period and the highest values of OMD was observed in the 48th hour of incubation. It can be concluded that with the enhanced values of crude protein, gross energy, metabolizable energy, short chain fatty acids and low methane production, the Panicum maximum-Moringa oleifera diets have potential that would meet the nutrient requirements of small ruminants in the tropical regions particularly during the dry season.

scholarly journals In vitro gas production and dry matter degradability of cassava top and maize stover mixture ensiled with Albizia saman pods

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-194
Author(s):  
L. O. Saliu ◽  
T. O. Ososanya
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Maize Stover ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Albizia Saman ◽  
Gas Volume

In vitro gas production is an indication of microbial degradability of feed samples. Thus varying levels of mixture of cassava top (CT) and maize stover (MS) ensiled with Albizia saman pods (ASP) were examined. The feedstuff were dried and milled for gas determination in a completely randomized design. Samples were incubated using in vitro gas production technique. Gas production was measured at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21 and 24 h post incubation to estimate total gas volume (TGV), methane (CH4), metabolisable energy (ME; MJ/Kg DM), organic matter digestibility (OMD; %) and short chain fatty acids (SCFA; ìmol/200 mg DM). dry matter (DM, %) increased significantly (p<0.05) as inclusion of Albizia saman pods increases across the treatments. The crude protein (CP, %) contents were similar across the treatments. The total gas volume (TGV mL) produced by the diets were similar across the treatments. The values ranged from 4.81 to 5.26 for ME, 35.16 to 36.32 for OMD, 0.13 to 0.21 for SCFA and 5.33 to 7.33 for CH4 production with no significant difference. The result showed that in vitro fermentation of the mixture of cassava top and maize stover ensiled with Albizia saman pods at 0:40:60% increased the dry matter degradability by 15%, enhanced metabolisable energy, organic matter digestibility and short chain fatty acids.

scholarly journals Farklı Maltlık Arpa Çeşitlerinin Besin Değerlerinin In Vitro Gaz Üretim Tekniği Kullanılarak Tespiti

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behlül Sevim ◽  
Tugay Ayaşan ◽  
İsmail Ülger ◽  
Şerife Ergül ◽  
Sait Aykanat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
A Value ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Malt Barley

This study was conducted to determine the nutritive value of malt barley varieties using in vitro gas production technique and in vitro methane production. Atılır, Durusu and Fırat were used as three malt barley varieties. As a result of this study, between the varieties in terms of dry matter (DM), crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP), crude fat (CF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and hemicellulose (HEM) were found significantly important but differences between the varieties in terms of ADF were not found significant. The gas production rate of malt barley varieties ranged from 64.00 to 72.50 ml/200 mg DM. The metabolisable energy (ME) and net energy lactation (NEL) contents of malt barley varieties ranged from 11.75 to 12.86 MJ/kg DM and 7.16 to 7.98 MJ/kg DM respectively. The highest methane (CH4) content was obtained from the variety of Fırat with a value of 13.34 ml/200 mg DM, whereas the lowest value was obtained from the Atılır variety with a value of 12.16 ml/200 mg DM.

Evaluation of nutritional value in some tropical by-products using the in vitro gas production technique

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 190-190
Author(s):  
A Taghizadeh ◽  
M Besharati
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Production Technique ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Feeding Programs ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Digestion Kinetics

Anaerobic digestion of carbohydrates by ruminal microbes produces short chain fatty acids (SCFA), CO2, CH4, and traces of H2; hence, measurement of gas production in vitro can be used to study the rate and extent of digestion of feedstuffs (Hungate, 1966). When a feedstuff is incubated with buffered rumen fluid in vitro, the carbohydrates are fermented to SCFA, gases mainly CO2 and CH4 and microbial cells. Gas production is basically the result of fermentation of carbohydrates to acetate, propionate and butyrate (Wolin, 1960; Beuvink and Spoelstra, 1992; Blummel and Ørskov, 1993). High correlations between gas production and NDF disappearance, r2 = 0.99 (Pell and Schofield, 1993) or gas production and DM disappearance, r2 = 0.95 (Prasad et al., 1994) have been reported. In vitro techniques that estimate digestion kinetics indirectly by measuring gas production are a more viable option than other in vitro methods. Gas production technology allows for a more usable collection of digestion kinetics data and has allowed for a growing body of knowledge that is directly applicable to the feeding programs that are in daily practical field use. The range of data that can be acquired is broad and will no doubt grow over time. One of the most challenging problems associated with using gas production methods is that the amount of gas produced varies with different molar proportions of SCFA. For example, a higher propionate concentration is associated with lower gas production because an extra carbon atom in propionate would otherwise have appeared as CO2 (Wolin, 1960). The object of this study was to evaluate the nutritional quality of noodle waste (NW), tomato pomace (TP) and apple pomace (AP) using the gas production technique.

Nutritive evaluation of Prosopis Juliflora fruits and leaves from Kenya: Chemical composition and in vitro gas production

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 146-146
Author(s):  
S. A. Abdulrazak ◽  
T. Awano ◽  
T. Ichinohe ◽  
T. Fujihara ◽  
J. Nyangaga
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Tree Legume ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Ruminant Feed

Tree legume forages plays an important role in livestock nutrition in many parts of the tropics. One of the commonly used tree species is leucaena. However, the recent infestation of Leucaena leucocephala by the pest Heteropsylla cubana calls for alternative sources of legume forages. Abdulrazak et al. (1997) for instance, showed that Gliricidia sepium could be an alternative, and indicated the need to identify more promising species. Prosopis Juliflora (prosopis) grows in many parts of the tropics, including the arid and semi arid areas of Kenya. The objective of this study is to evaluate the nutritional value of prosopis fruits (pods with seeds) and leaves as ruminant feed.

In vitrogas production, digestibility and estimated energy value of grass/fodder tree silages

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 170-170
Author(s):  
J. V. Cardenas Medina ◽  
C. A. Sandoval-Castro ◽  
F. J. Solorio Sanchéz
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Biomass Availability ◽  
The Tropics

Use of grass/forage tree silages have prove to be a viable alternative for animal production in the tropics (Solet al., 2002a,b). It is also an adequate strategy to cope with seasonal fluctuation of biomass availability (both grass and forage tree). However, limited data is available on the nutritive value (e.g. digestibility, energy content) of this mixtures. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to evaluation the in vitro gas production, apparent digestibility and energy content of silages containing grass and forage trees.

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