Efecto de dos estrategias de agrupación de padres fantasmas en la evaluación genética de rasgos de crecimiento en el ganado Braunvieh mexicano

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 878-892
Author(s):  
Luis Antonio Saavedra-Jiménez ◽  
Rodolfo Ramírez-Valverde ◽  
Rafael Núñez-Domínguez ◽  
Agustín Ruíz-Flores ◽  
José Guadalupe García-Muñiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Additive Genetic Effect ◽  
Genetic Trend ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Grouping Strategies ◽  
Parent Groups ◽  
Different Sources

The study aimed to compare two grouping strategies for unknown parents or phantom parent groups (PPG) on the genetic evaluation of growth traits for Mexican Braunvieh cattle. Phenotypic data included birth (BW), weaning (WW) and yearling (YW) weights. Pedigree included 57,341 animals. The first strategy involved 12 PPG (G12) based on the birth year of the unknown parent’s progeny and the sex of the unknown parent, while the second involved 24 PPG (G24) based on the birth year of the unknown parent’s progeny and 4-selection pathways. The animal models included fixed effects and the random direct additive genetic effect; WW also included random maternal genetic and maternal permanent environmental effects. Product-moment correlations between EBV from G0 (no PPG) and G12 were 0.96, 0.77 and 0.69 for BW, WW and YW, respectively, and between EBV from G0 and G24 were 0.91, 0.54, and 0.53, respectively. Corresponding rank correlations between G0 and G12 were 0.94, 0.77, and 0.72, and between G0 and G24 were 0.89, 0.61, and 0.60. Genetic trends showed a base deviation from the genetic trend of G0, except for BW of G12. The results did not support the use of the two grouping strategies on the studied population and traits, and further research is required. Introducing PPG to the model, enough phenotype contribution from descendants to PPG, and avoiding collinearity between PPG and fixed effects are important. Genetic groups should reflect changes in the genetic structure of the population to the unknown parents, including different sources of genetic materials, and changes made by selection over time.

scholarly journals Genetic parameters of meat quality, carcass composition, and growth traits in commercial swine

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (9) ◽  
pp. 3669-3683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piush Khanal ◽  
Christian Maltecca ◽  
Clint Schwab ◽  
Kent Gray ◽  
Francesco Tiezzi
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Additive Genetic Effect ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Crossbred Pigs

Abstract Swine industry breeding goals are mostly directed towards meat quality and carcass traits due to their high economic value. Yet, studies on meat quality and carcass traits including both phenotypic and genotypic information remain limited, particularly in commercial crossbred swine. The objectives of this study were to estimate the heritabilities for different carcass composition traits and meat quality traits and to estimate the genetic and phenotypic correlations between meat quality, carcass composition, and growth traits in 2 large commercial swine populations: The Maschhoffs LLC (TML) and Smithfield Premium Genetics (SPG), using genotypes and phenotypes data. The TML data set consists of 1,254 crossbred pigs genotyped with 60K SNP chip and phenotyped for meat quality, carcass composition, and growth traits. The SPG population included over 35,000 crossbred pigs phenotyped for meat quality, carcass composition, and growth traits. For TML data sets, the model included fixed effects of dam line, contemporary group (CG), gender, as well as random additive genetic effect and pen nested within CG. For the SPG data set, fixed effects included parity, gender, and CG, as well as random additive genetic effect and harvest group. Analyses were conducted using BLUPF90 suite of programs. Univariate and bivariate analyses were implemented to estimate heritabilities and correlations among traits. Primal yield traits were uniquely created in this study. Heritabilities [high posterior density interval] of meat quality traits ranged from 0.08 [0.03, 0.16] for pH and 0.08 [0.03, 0.1] for Minolta b* to 0.27 [0.22, 0.32] for marbling score, except intramuscular fat with the highest estimate of 0.52 [0.40, 0.62]. Heritabilities of primal yield traits were higher than that of primal weight traits and ranged from 0.17 [0.13, 0.25] for butt yield to 0.45 [0.36, 0.55] for ham yield. The genetic correlations of meat quality and carcass composition traits with growth traits ranged from moderate to high in both directions. High genetic correlations were observed for male and female for all traits except pH. The genetic parameter estimates of this study indicate that a multitrait approach should be considered for selection programs aimed at meat quality and carcass composition in commercial swine populations.

scholarly journals Genomic Breeding Values for Claw Diseases/Disorders in Czech Holstein Cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 1245-1251
Author(s):  
Ludmila Zavadilová ◽  
Eva Kašná ◽  
Zuzana Krupová
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Additive Genetic Effect ◽  
Genomic Information ◽  
White Line ◽  
Genomic Breeding ◽  
Breeding Values

Genomic breeding values (GEBV) were predicted for claw diseases/disorders in Holstein cows. The data sets included 6,498, 6,641 and 16,208 cows for the three groups of analysed disorders. The analysed traits were infectious diseases (ID), including digital and interdigital dermatitis and interdigital phlegmon, and non-infectious diseases (NID), including ulcers, white line disease, horn fissures, and double sole and overall claw disease (OCD), comprising all recorded disorders. Claw diseases/disorders were defined as 0/1 occurrence per lactation. Linear animal models were employed for prediction of conventional breeding values (BV) and genomic breeding values (GEBV), including the random additive genetic effect of animal and the permanent environmental effect of cow and fixed effects of parity, herd, year and month of calving. Both high and intermediate weights (80% and 50%, respectively) of genomic information were employed for GEBV50 and GEBV80 prediction. The estimated heritability for ID was 3.47%, whereas that for NID 4.61% and for OCD was 2.29%. Approximate genetic correlations among claw diseases/disorders traits ranged from 19% (ID x NID) to 81% (NID x OCD). The correlations between predicted BV and GEBV50 (84–99%) were higher than those between BV and GEBV80 (70–98%). Reliability of breeding values was low for each claw disease/disorder (on average, 3.7 to 14.8%) and increased with the weight of genomic information employed.

scholarly journals Genetic-Quantitative Uni- and Bi-Trait Analysis for Growth Traits in the Colombian Creole Breed Blanco Orejinegro (BON)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisol Londoño-Gil ◽  
Juan Carlos Rincón Flórez ◽  
Albeiro López-Herrera ◽  
Luis Gabriel Gonzalez-Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Additive Genetic Effect ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Maternal Heritability

Abstract The Blanco Orejinegro (BON) is a Colombian creole cattle breed that is not genetically well characterized for growth traits. The aim of this work was to estimate genetic parameters for birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), yearling weight (YW), daily weight gain between birth and weaning (DWG), time to reach 120 kg of live weight (T120), and time to reach 60% of adult weight (T60%), and establish the selection criteria for growth traits in the BON population of Colombia. Genealogical and phenotypic information for BW, WW, YW, DWG, T120, and T60% traits of BON animals from 14 Colombian herds were used. These traits were analyzed with the AIREML method in a uni- and bi-trait animal model including the maternal effect for BW, WW, DWG, and T120. The direct heritability estimates values were 0.22 ± 0.059 (BW), 0.20 ± 0.057 (WW), 0.20 ± 0.153 (YW), 0.17 ± 0.07 (DWG), 0.26 (T120), and 0.44 ± 0.03 (T60%). The maternal heritability estimates values were 0.14 ± 0.040 (BW), 0.15 ± 0.039 (WW), 0.25 ± 0.06 (DWG), and 0.16 (T120). The direct genetic correlations were high (>|0.60|) among all the traits, except between T60% with BW, WW, YW, and DWG (ranged from -0.02 to -0.51), all in a favorable direction. The results showed that there is genetic variation in the growth traits associated with the additive genetic effect and they might respond to selection processes. Furthermore, genetic gains would improve through selection, especially for YW and T60% when WW is used as criterion.

A note on heritability estimates for growth traits in male and female Romanov sheep

1993 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. María ◽  
K. G. Boldman ◽  
L. D. van Vleck
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Direct Genetic Effect

A total of 1855 records were analysed using restricted maximum likelihood (REML) techniques to estimate heritabilities separately for males and females lambs on birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), 90-day weight (W90) and average daily gains birth to weaning (Cl) and weaning to 90 days (C2). An animal model including fixed effects of year × season, parity, litter size and rearing type; and random effects of direct genetic effect (h2D) and residual was applied. Estimates ofh2Dfor BWwere 048 (males) and 0·50 (females); for WW 0·35 (males) and 0·22 (females); for W90 0·21 (males) and 0·31 (females); for Cl 0·20 (males) and 0·25 (females); and for C2 0·18 (males) and 0·29 (females).

scholarly journals Genetic effects on reproductive traits in Warmblood horses

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Wolc ◽  
G. Torzynski ◽  
T. Szwaczkowski
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Additive Genetic Effect ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Horse Breeding ◽  
Estimate Heritability ◽  
Genetic Trends

Reproductive efficiency is an important issue in horse breeding. However, almost no estimates of genetic parameters of reproductive traits in horses can be found in the literature. The objective of the study was to estimate heritability and genetic trends of foaling rate and number of reproductive seasons in Warmblood horses. The records of 3965 mares from six studs were analyzed. Mares were on average kept for 7.3 reproductive seasons with a foaling rate of 66%. Models included fixed effects of stud, period of birth, breed and random additive genetic effect. Heritability estimates were 0.12 for foaling rate and 0.17 for number of reproductive seasons. Key words: Heritability, reproduction, horse

scholarly journals Alternatives for analysis of performance data and ranking of Charolais x Nellore crossbred bulls in performance tests

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1483-1490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Luiz Buranelo Toral ◽  
Maurício Mello de Alencar
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Additive Genetic Effect ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
The Real ◽  
Analysis Of Performance

It was evaluated alternatives for analysis of performance records and ranking of Charolais x Zebu crossbred bulls. Data of weight at six ages and average daily weight gain in eight periods of 883 21/32 Charolais + 11/32 Nellore bulls in performance tests were used. The direct additive genetic values were predicted in single trait analysis using animal models with classificatory fixed effects of contemporary groups and age of dam at calving and age of animal at weighing as linear covariable, depending on the trait. As random effects, it was considered the direct additive genetic effect, the permanent maternal environmental and residual effects for all traits. Phenotypic values adjusted for fixed effects included in the model of each trait were also obtained. The Spearman correlation between predicted direct additive genetic values and adjusted phenotypic values ranged from 0.43 to 0.95, depending on the trait and year of birth of the animals. The accuracies of genetic values increased according to the number of animals with utilized data and they were always higher to those estimated for the adjusted phenotypic values. The magnitude of change in ranking the bulls depends on the considered trait. The estimates of correlations of predicted genetic values with the real genetic values of the analyzed traits of growth are higher than those among the adjusted phenotypic values and the real genetic values.

Genetic parameters of milk traits in Latxa dairy sheep

2001 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Legarra ◽  
E. Ugarte
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Additive Genetic Effect ◽  
Dairy Sheep ◽  
Milk Traits

AbstractA total of 7444 lactation records which include milk, fat and protein yields (MY, FY, PY) and fat and protein content (F%, P%) from 6429 Black-Faced Latxa ewes were employed to estimate genetic parameters for milk traits. Traits were standardized to 120 days of lactation. For the calculation of composition traits, not all test-days had their composition measured and therefore a correction taking this into account was included in the analysis. A first-derivative restricted maximum likelihood algorithm was used on an animal model with repeatability analysis, using models including fixed effects (flock-year-season of lambing, age-parity at lambing, number of lambs, interval between lambing and first milk recording and the combination of sampled test-days) and random effects (the additive genetic effect and the permanent environmental effect). The resulting heritabilities were 0·20, 0·16, 0·18, 0·14 and 0·38 for MY, FY, PY, F% and P% respectively. Heritability of F% was much lower than expected, probably due to problems derived from the recording method. Genetic correlations were high and positive between yields and moderately positive between F% and P%, and negative or null between yields and composition, as has been reported for other European dairy sheep breeds. As most of the milk produced by Latxa dairy sheep is processed into cheese, the inclusion of milk sampling in official milk recording and a change in the selection criterion are recommended to avoid a long-term worsening in milk composition.

scholarly journals Short communication: Estimation of genetic trends for body weight traits in Markhoz goat at different ages

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e04SC01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meysam Latifi ◽  
Mohammad Razmkabir
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Information Criteria ◽  
Pedigree Information ◽  
Genetic Trend ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Genetic Trends

The objective of the present study was to estimate genetic trends for body weight at different ages in Markhoz goat, including birth weight (BW, n = 4758), weaning weight (WW, n= 3685), 6-month weight (6MW, n = 3420), 9-month weight (9MW, n = 3032) and 12-month weight (12MW, n = 2697). Data and pedigree information were collected from 1992 until 2014 at the Breeding Center of Markhoz goat, Sanandaj, Iran. The GLM procedure of SAS was used for selecting the variables and identifying significant fixed effects in the equation of model. Various animal models were applied for genetic analysis and the best model was determined based on Akaike information criteria (AIC). Breeding values of animals were predicted using Wombat program. Genetic trends were obtained by regressing the average predicted breeding values on birth year for each trait. Based on the best model, direct estimated genetic trends were positive and significance for WW, 6MW, 9MW and 12 MW were 15.51, 26.28, 58.36 and 76.70 g/year, respectively (p<0.001). Maternal genetic trend for BW and WW were 0.61 and 5.47 g/year, respectively (p<0.01). The low and moderate generic trends obtained in the present study, indicated the possibility of growth traits improvements through genetic selection at all ages in Markhoz goat.

scholarly journals Estimates of (co)variance components and genetic parameters for growth traits in Suffolk lambs

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 2215-2220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla Regina Tamioso ◽  
Jaime Luiz Alberti Filho ◽  
Laila Talarico Dias ◽  
Rodrigo de Almeida Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Additive Genetic Effect ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Estimate Heritability ◽  
Heritability Estimates

The study aimed to estimate the components of (co)variance and heritability for weights at birth (BW), weaning (WW) and 180 days of age (W180), as well as the average daily gains from birth to weaning (ADG1), birth to 180 days of age (ADG2) and weaning to 180 days of age (ADG3) in Suffolk sheep. Thus, three different single-trait animal models were fitted, considering the direct additive genetic effect (Model 1), the direct additive genetic and maternal permanent environmental effects (Model 2), and in Model 3, in addition to those in Model 2, the maternal additive genetic effect was included. After comparing models through the likelihood ratio test (LRT), model 3 was chosen as the most appropriate to estimate heritability for BW, WW and ADG1. Model 2 was considered as the best to estimate the coefficient of heritability for W180 and ADG2, and model 1 for ADG3. Direct heritability estimates were inflated when maternal effects were ignored. According to the most suitable models, the heritability estimates for BW, WW, W180, ADG1, ADG2 and ADG3 were 0.06, 0.08, 0.09, 0.07, 0.08 and 0.07, respectively, indicating low possibility of genetic gain through individual selection. The results show the importance of including maternal effects in the models to properly estimate genetic parameters even at post-weaning ages.

scholarly journals Estimation of genetic parameters for female fertility traits in the Czech Holstein population

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Brzáková ◽  
Ludmila Zavadilová ◽  
Josef Přibyl ◽  
Petr Pešek ◽  
Eva Kašná ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Additive Genetic Effect ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Age At First Calving ◽  
Fertility Traits ◽  
Holstein Population

Genetic parameters for fertility traits in Czech Holstein population were estimated. The database obtained from the Czech-Moravian Breeders Corporation with 6 414 486 insemination records between years 2005–2015 was used. Date of calving of the selected animals was taken from the database of milk records from 2005–2015. Fertility traits were age at first service (AFS), age at first calving (AFC), days open (DO), calving interval (CI) and first service to conception interval in cows (FSC-C) and heifers (FSC-H). The heritability of each trait was estimated using single-trait animal models. The model included fixed effects of herd-year-season of birth, herd-year-month of calving, lactation order, parity, last calving ease, linear and quadratic regressions on age at first insemination in heifers or on age at first calving in cows. Random effects were animal, permanent environmental effect and random residual error. After edits, the final data set included up to 599 901 observations from up to 448 037 animals dependent on traits. The range of heritability estimates was from 0.010 to 0.058. The lowest heritability was for first service to conception interval in heifers, and the highest heritability was for age at first service. Variances of random permanent effects were higher than variance of additive genetic effect in all traits manifested in mature cows. Repeatability ranged from 0.060 to 0.090. Genetic correlations between traits were estimated using a bivariate animal model. High positive genetic correlations were found between AFS–AFC, DO–CI, FSC-C–DO and FSC-C–CI. A moderate genetic correlation was found between AFS–FSC-H and between AFC. A negative correlation was found between AFS–FSC-C. Correlations between other traits were close to zero. The results suggest that the level of these reproductive traits can be improved by selection of animals with high genetic merit.

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