scholarly journals The Philosophy of Error and Liberty of Thought: J.S. Mill on Logical Fallacies

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Rosen
Keyword(s):  
Ordinary People ◽  
Morality Politics ◽  
Politics And Religion ◽  
Original Analysis ◽  
Richard Whately ◽  
Freedom Of Thought ◽  
Logical Fallacies

Most recent discussions of John Stuart Mill’s System of Logic (1843) neglect the fifth book concerned with logical fallacies. Mill not only follows the revival of interest in the traditional Aristotelian doctrine of fallacies in Richard Whately and Augustus De Morgan, but he also develops new categories and an original analysis which enhance the study of fallacies within the context of what he calls ‘the philosophy of error’. After an exploration of this approach, the essay relates the philosophy of error to the discussion of truth and error in chapter two of On Liberty (1859) concerned with freedom of thought and discussion. Drawing on Socratic and Baconian perspectives, Mill defends both the traditional study of logic against Jevons, Boole, De Morgan, and others, as well as the study of fallacies as the key to maintaining truth and its dissemination in numerous fields, such as science, morality, politics, and religion. In Mill’s view the study of fallacies also liberates ordinary people to explore the truth and falsity of ideas and, as such, to participate in society and politics and develop themselves as progressive beings.

scholarly journals The Phenomenology of Sacrifice in Marion, Patočka and Nancy

Open Theology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 377-385
Author(s):  
Petr Kouba
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Morality Politics ◽  
Politics And Religion ◽  
Phenomenological Point

Abstract The phenomenon of sacrifice has been analyzed by Hegel, Kierkegaard, Bataille and many other philosophers. In my paper I intend to examine this phenomenon from the phenomenological point of view as outlined by Jan Patočka, Jean-Luc Nancy and Jean-Luc Marion. With their help I differentiate several kinds of sacrifice (strategic, moral, political, and religious), but above all, I am interested in the limits of sacrifice. Provided that the fields of morality, politics and religion are opened by sacrifice, is there any morality, politics and religion without one? And if so, what is the meaning of morality, politics and religion that are not based on some kind of sacrifice? These questions seem essential in our time, when the meaning of sacrifice is compromised by acts of terrorism. It is relatively easy to denounce terrorism and its propaganda, which uses the concept of martyrdom, as an inauthentic approach to the experience of sacrifice (Marion). But how can we break its spell if we believe that sacrifice brings our existence to completeness (Patočka)? How can we avoid inauthentic forms of sacrifice, if we believe that without sacrifice we must fall into nihilism and indifference?

Hume: A Very Short Introduction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
David Hume ◽  
Major Contributor ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
Morality Politics ◽  
Politics And Religion ◽  
History Of ◽  
Intellectual Context

Hume: A Very Short Introduction provides a summary of the ideas and arguments of the philosopher and historian David Hume (1711–76), looking at Hume’s writings on human nature, morality, politics, and religion. Hume’s books need to be put in biographical, historical, and intellectual context. Hume’s major philosophical works, his essays on moral and political subjects, and his History of England constitute a very important part of his output. Hume’s arguments were complex but his conclusions had subtlety. Hume had an interesting and varied life, from his early solitary philosophical experiments to the achievement of fame and wealth. Hume was without doubt a major contributor to the European Enlightenment.

scholarly journals Penser la confiance avec Paul Ricoeur

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-186
Author(s):  
Laure Assayag
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Recognition ◽  
Paul Ricoeur ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Morality Politics ◽  
Politics And Religion ◽  
Paul Ricœur ◽  
Recognition Theory

This article proposes to retrace the path of trust that Paul Ricœur has drawn across his works. If the concept of trust is never themed as such, nevertheless it unfolds in subtle ways in fields as diverse as ethics, morality, politics, and religion. We will argue that trust is a solid but fragile foundation for Ricœur’s recognition theory. Rooted in man’s structural disproportion, trust is a perpetual tension between the finitude of existence and the infinitude of mutual recognition, between the ability and fallibility of the human being -it is thus a continuous search, always disappointing but always renewed, of a mediation between the self and the other, the hope of happiness and the reality of evil. The analysis of various forms of trust, including interpersonal and institutional forms, will then be coupled with a study of trust in practical terms, based on Ricœur’s approach to healthcare relationships, or the perception of foreigners.

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
James A. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
Public Intellectual ◽  
Benjamin Franklin ◽  
Morality Politics ◽  
Politics And Religion ◽  
Style Of Thought

‘Introduction’ presents Hume by way of a summary description of his persona as a public intellectual, or man of letters, for whom philosophy was not so much a distinct subject matter as a style of thought. Hume had some very well-known contemporaries in Adam Smith, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Benjamin Franklin. over his lifetime, Hume developed many theories on the following: human nature, morality, politics, and religion.

The Reconstruction of Universities

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morten Levin ◽  
Davydd J. Greenwood
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Autopoietic Systems ◽  
Freedom Of Thought

This paper reflects on ways AR might support a transformation process in universities and in their relationship to the rest of society. As a point of departure, universities inherited from the 19th century Humboldtian university the credo of 'researching and teaching any important subject' and creating new knowledge through the freedom of thought. They became a state within the state. Universities came to try to nonopolize the knowledge production system while fighting the battle for freedom of thought and expression in academia. They have not, however, participated in the struggle to create knowledge based on and useful to groups in society other than powerful academic, political, and business elites. Now universities face new challenges. The existing modus operandi is unlikely to survive for much longer because the users of knowledge and those who pay to keep universities open, question the relevance of university-created knowledge. This challenge arises from two very different social groups. Businesses are creating their own schools of advanced study and many ordinary people are disenchanted with university knowledge that does not relate to their own life world. This problem is particularly acute in the social sciences, since people have social knowledge of their own. Many pecple realize that social science produces knowledge about the everyday world that is incomprehensible or irrelevant to ordinary people. We propose taking a different view of universities, conceptualizing them as members of many different knowledge supply chains, not as autopoietic systems. The ultimate challenge in a specific knowledge supply chain is to gain societal legitimacy for the knowledge production process and to supply valued knowledge for the users. Pursuing this approach forces a reinvestigation of the rigor/relevance argument. We argue that universities should seek legitimacy in the external world through integrating themselves in many and diverse knowledge supply chains and that this effort will simultaneously improve the quality of knowledge produced by the universities. We offer an Action Research strategy to achieve this integration by linking knowledge users into the research process and integrating the researchers into the knowledge production systems and activities of the users beyond the academy.

Is economic inequality a universal evil?

2019 ◽  
pp. 91-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rostislav I. Kapeliushnikov
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
The State ◽  
Fair Play ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
The Public ◽  
Discursive Power ◽  
A Current

Using published estimates of inequality for two countries (Russia and USA) the paper demonstrates that inequality measuring still remains in the state of “statistical cacophony”. Under this condition, it seems at least untimely to pass categorical normative judgments and offer radical political advice for governments. Moreover, the mere practice to draw normative conclusions from quantitative data is ethically invalid since ordinary people (non-intellectuals) tend to evaluate wealth and incomes as admissible or inadmissible not on the basis of their size but basing on whether they were obtained under observance or violations of the rules of “fair play”. The paper concludes that a current large-scale ideological campaign of “struggle against inequality” has been unleashed by left-wing intellectuals in order to strengthen even more their discursive power over the public.

Multiple-source Record Linkage in a Rural Industrial Community, 1680–1820

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve King
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Multiple Source ◽  
Demographic Analysis ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Industrial Community ◽  
The Social ◽  
Broad Outline

Re-creating the social, economic and demographic life-cycles of ordinary people is one way in which historians might engage with the complex continuities and changes which underlay the development of early modern communities. Little, however, has been written on the ways in which historians might deploy computers, rather than card indexes, to the task of identifying such life cycles from the jumble of the sources generated by local and national administration. This article suggests that multiple-source linkage is central to historical and demographic analysis, and reviews, in broad outline, some of the procedures adopted in a study which aims at large scale life cycle reconstruction.

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