scholarly journals THE HISTORY OF THE LIMIT STATE DESIGN METHOD

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 134-145
Author(s):  
Anatoly Perelmuter
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Analysis ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Design Codes ◽  
Limit State Design ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
Loss Of Resistance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Procedures

This paper analyzes the 70-year history of development of the limit state design method (LSDM) focusing on the fundamentals of the design codes based on this method and considers proposals for improving the LSDM and its justification.  It was also noted that the reaction of the system in any of its fixed states is not always sufficient to assess the reliability of the system, and therefore it is necessary to analyze the rate of loss of resistance of load-bearing structures. However, probabilistic considerations were not enough due to the lack of reliable statistical data in the area of extreme sections of the distribution curves and a number of other circumstances (features of control procedures, different behavior of the material in the structure and in the samples, etc.). This paper analyzes some fundamental issues that should be solved when developing the method for the nonlinear analysis.

Design Codes and General Design Guidance

2017 ◽  
pp. 328-398
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Design Codes ◽  
General Design ◽  
Limit State Design ◽  
Design Life ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Design Guidance

The philosophies behind design codes with particular reference to the use of modern limit state design are presented in this chapter. Comments are made on the design life of temporary structures which vary considerably between different countries. Design codes of the USA, Europe and Australia/New Zealand for temporary structures are compared with particular reference to the loads combinations and the partial factors applied. It is noted that whilst the European design codes do not specify how construction, use and disassembly of the temporary structures are to be executed the USA code for scaffolding includes such specification. The Hong Kong code for bamboo scaffolds is described showing the similarities and differences between bamboo and metal scaffolds. The chapter concludes with design examples for selected temporary structures based on design codes.

scholarly journals Legal regulation of relations between Spain and Russia in the area of adoption of Russian children by Spanish citizens

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-93
Author(s):  
Viktoriia Kuznetsova ◽  
Elena Kargovskaia
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Systemic Analysis ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
Spanish Legislation

This article conducts the analysis of legal regulation of relations between the Kingdom of Spain and the Russian Federation with regards to adoption of Russian children by Spanish citizens. The authors examine the history of development of bilateral Russian-Spanish cooperation; legal normative base, and procedure for the adoption of Russian orphans in the Russian and Spanish legislation. Statistical data is provided on the trends in adoption of Russian orphans by citizens of the Kingdom of Spain. The article employs the following methods of scientific research: historical, comparative-legal, statistical, and systemic analysis. The relevance of the selected topic is substantiated by the fact the for many years Spain demonstrates consistent interest in this question, ranking second among other countries that adopt children from the Russian Federation. At the same time, the legal and bureaucratic framework for realization of Russian-Spanish cooperation in this field requires improvements. The authors conclude that although the number of adopted Russian orphans by Spanish citizens has dropped in recent years, it is necessary to continue cooperation in this field by improving the existing legislation.

Prospects for the research on limit state design method of the natural gas pipeline

2015 ◽  
pp. 183-187
Author(s):  
Shaoxing Liu ◽  
Peng Yang ◽  
Dongran Zhao ◽  
Jinyuan Zhang ◽  
Yuqing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Limit State Design ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline

Comments on Design Methods of Penstocks

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-398
Author(s):  
Hou Jian-Guo ◽  
An Xu-Wen ◽  
He Ying-Min
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Limit State Design ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Hydropower Stations ◽  
Design And Construction ◽  
At Home

This paper selects several representative penstocks codes of hydropower stations in China and foreign countries including USBR Standards (1970), ASCE Steel Penstocks (1993), Japanese Technical Standards for Gates and Penstocks (1993), the former USSR’s code My 34 747-76 and Π 780-83, and Chinese code DL/T 5141-2001; analyzes and compares their different design methods and corresponding safety levels. In addition, the probabilistic limit state design method adopted in DL/T 5141-2001 is described emphatically. What are described can be taken as reference by the engineering technicians who are engaged in the research, design and construction of steel penstocks for hydropower stations at home and abroad.

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