scholarly journals Effect of nanoemulsified oils addition on rumen fermentation and fatty acid proportion in a rumen simulation technique

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. El-Sherbiny ◽  
A. Cieślak ◽  
J. Szczechowiak ◽  
P. Kołodziejski ◽  
P. Szulc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Simulation Technique ◽  
Fatty Acid Proportion

The rumen simulation technique (Rusitec) as a method to determine the in vitro carry-over period following monensin treatment by measuring volatile fatty acid molar proportions

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 145-146
Author(s):  
E. D. Mackintosh ◽  
R. H. Phipps ◽  
H. J. Grubb
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Simulation Technique ◽  
The Past ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Ionophore Monensin

Ruminant and ruminal responses to feeding the gram-positive ionophore, monensin, have been researched extensively over the past 20 years. A proportion of many such in vivo experiments have used a change-over design. In doing so, the researcher either paid no attention to or was reasonably confident that any possible carry-over effects would have dissipated. Evidence does exist which leads to an estimation of duration to maximum treatment effects but such comparable evidence surrounding the duration of carry-over to monensin treatment is not available.An in vivo trial was proposed at the Centre for Dairy Research (CEDAR), to investigate the ruminal effects of feeding monensin to lactating dairy cows with 4-week periods of which 3 weeks was for change-over and adaptation. Therefore, before conducting such an expensive experiment, in terms of both time and money, an in vitro study using the rumen simulation technique (Rusitec) was carried out to determine if 3 weeks was considered adequate to eliminate carry-over effects when measuring volatile fatty acid (VFA) molar proportions.

An initial investigation on rumen fermentation pattern and methane emission of sheep offered diets containing urea or nitrate as the nitrogen source

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 653 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Li ◽  
J. Davis ◽  
J. Nolan ◽  
R. Hegarty
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration ◽  
Enteric Methane ◽  
Fermentation Pattern

The effects of dietary nitrate and of urea on rumen fermentation pattern and enteric methane production were investigated using 4-month-old ewe lambs. Ten lambs were allocated into two groups (n = 5) and each group was offered one of two isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets containing either 1.5% urea (T1) or 3% calcium nitrate (T2). Methane production was estimated using open-circuit respiration chambers after 6 weeks of feeding. No difference in nitrogen (N) balance, apparent digestibility of N or microbial N outflow existed between treatments (P > 0.05). Animals offered the T2 diet lost less energy through methane than did those fed the T1 diet (P < 0.05). Total volatile fatty acid concentration, molar proportion of propionate, and the molar ratio of acetate to propionate in rumen fluid were not affected by dietary N source. Compared with urea inclusion, nitrate inclusion caused a significantly higher acetate and lower butyrate percentage in rumen volatile fatty acid. Nitrate supplementation tended to lower methane production by ~7.7 L/day relative to urea supplementation (P = 0.06). Methane yield (L/kg DM intake) was reduced (P < 0.05) by 35.4% when 1.5% urea was replaced by 3% calcium nitrate in the diet. Emission intensity (L methane/kg liveweight gain) was ~17.3% lower in the nitrate-supplemented sheep when compared with urea-fed sheep; however, the reduction was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). This study confirms that the presence of nitrate in the diet inhibits enteric methane production. As no clinical symptoms of nitrite toxicity were observed and sheep receiving nitrate-supplemented diet had similar growth to those consuming urea-supplemented diet, it is concluded that 3% calcium nitrate can replace 1.5% urea as a means of meeting ruminal N requirements and of reducing enteric methane emissions from sheep, provided animals are acclimated to nitrate gradually.

scholarly journals Dietary Supplementation With Creatine Pyruvate Alters Rumen Microbiota Protein Function in Heat-Stressed Beef Cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanjiao Li ◽  
Yitian Zang ◽  
Xianghui Zhao ◽  
Lin Liu ◽  
Qinghua Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
16S Rdna ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
16S Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Citrate Cycle ◽  
Rdna Sequencing

Creatine pyruvate (CrPyr) is a new multifunctional nutrient that can provide both pyruvate and creatine. It has been shown to relieve the heat stress of beef cattle by improving antioxidant activity and rumen microbial protein synthesis, but the mechanism of CrPyr influencing rumen fermentation remains unclear. This study aimed to combine 16S rDNA sequencing and metaproteomics technologies to investigate the microbial composition and function in rumen fluid samples taken from heat-stressed beef cattle treated with or without 60 g/day CrPyr. 16S rDNA sequencing revealed that there were no significant differences in the α-diversity indices between the two groups. By analyzing the level profiles of 700 distinct proteins, we found that the CrPyr administration increased the expression of enzymes involved in specific metabolic pathways including (i) fatty acid β-oxidation; (ii) interconversion from pyruvate to phosphoenolpyruvate, oxaloacetate, acetyl-CoA, and malate; (iii) glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and citrate cycle metabolism; and (iv) biosynthesis of amino acids. These results indicated that the increased generation of adenosine triphosphate during fatty acid β-oxidation or citrate cycle and the up-regulation synthesis of microbial protein in rumen of beef cattle treated with CrPyr may help decrease oxidative stress, regulate energy metabolism, and further improve the rumen fermentation characteristic under heat stress.

scholarly journals Dietary Supplementation With Creatine Pyruvate Alter Rumen Microbiota Protein Function in Heat-Stressed Beef Cattle

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanjiao Li ◽  
Xianghui Zhao ◽  
Lin Liu ◽  
Kang Mao ◽  
Mingren Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
16S Rdna ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
16S Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Citrate Cycle ◽  
Rdna Sequencing

Abstract Background: Creatine pyruvate (CrPyr) is a new multifunctional nutrient that can provide both pyruvate and creatine. It has been shown to relieve the heat stress of beef cattle by improving antioxidant activity and rumen microbial protein synthesis, but the mechanism of CrPyr influencing rumen fermentation remains unclear. This study aimed to combine 16S rDNA sequencing and metaproteomics technologies to investigate the microbial composition and function in rumen fluid samples taken from heat-stressed beef cattle treated with or without 60 g/d CrPyr. Results: 16S rDNA sequencing revealed that there was no significant differences in the α-diversity indices between the two groups. By analyzing the expression profiles of 700 distinct proteins, we found that CrPyr administration increased the fatty acid β-oxidation, promoted the interconversion from pyruvate to phosphoenolpyruvate, acetyl-CoA and malate, up-regulated gluconeogenesis and citrate cycle metabolism, and promoted the biosynthesis of amino acids. Conclusions: The increased generation of ATP during fatty acid β-oxidation or citrate cycle and the up-regulation synthesis of microbial protein in rumen of beef cattle treated with CrPyr, may help decreased oxidative stress, regulate energy metabolism, and further improve the rumen fermentation characteristic under heat stress.

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