scholarly journals Cyber security on the farm: an assessment of cyber security practices in the United States agriculture industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Geil ◽  
Glen Sagers ◽  
Aslihan D. Spaulding ◽  
James R. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Computer Security ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Technology Implementation ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Crime Victimization ◽  
Security Technology ◽  
Perceived Susceptibility ◽  
Security Incident

The goal of this study was to survey farmers and agribusiness owners about their perceptions of cyber security, and how age, gender, and education might affect those perceptions. Using the Health Belief Model as a framework, the survey measured the constructs of perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, self-efficacy and cues to action. In addition to the framework, levels of previous cyber-crime victimization and technology implementation were measured. The results of this survey demonstrated that perceived susceptibility to cyber-attacks and the perceived benefits of protective technology are related to an individual’s choice to implement cyber security technology. Over half of the respondents had been victims of a computer security incident, demonstrating that even individuals working in agriculture can be impacted by computer crime incidents. This project deepens the understanding of how individuals react to known threats, and what motivates them to adopt protection technologies.

scholarly journals Prioritizing computer security controls for home users

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Fanelli ◽  
John Waxler
Keyword(s):  
Computer Security ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Data Systems ◽  
Security Controls ◽  
Home Computers ◽  
Subject Matter Expertise ◽  
Home Users ◽  
Home Computing

Hundreds of thousands of home users are victimized by cyber-attacks every year. Most experts agree that average home users are not doing enough to protect their computers and their information from cyber-attacks. Improperly managed home computers can lead to individuals losing data, systems performing slowly, loss of identity, and ransom payments; en masse attacks can act in concert to infect personal computers in business and government. Currently, home users receive conflicting guidance for a complicated terrain, often in the form of anecdotal 'Top 10' lists, that is not appropriate for their specific needs, and in many instances, users ignore all guidance. Often, these popular ‘Top 10’ lists appear to be based solely on opinion. Ultimately, we asked ourselves the following: how can we provide home users with better guidance for determining and applying appropriate security controls that meet their needs and can be verified by the cyber security community? In this paper, we propose a methodology for determining and prioritizing the most appropriate security controls for home computing. Using Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) and subject matter expertise, we identify, analyze and prioritize security controls used by government and industry to determine which controls can substantively improve home computing security. We apply our methodology using examples to demonstrate its benefits.

National Cyber Governance Awareness Policy and Framework

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (02) ◽  
pp. 70-89
Author(s):  
Hala Bou Alwan
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Governmental Agencies ◽  
Academic Level ◽  
The World ◽  
Cyber Education

AbstractDespite an ongoing drive by governments and law enforcers around the world to improve the sophistication of their risk mitigation measures, cyber-attacks are continually increasing. A study from Computer Crime and Intellectual Property Section (CCIPS) shows more than 4,000 ransomware attacks occurred daily in 2016. That's a 300 percent increase over 2015, where 1,000 ransomware attacks were seen per day. Cyber criminals are successfully penetrating even the most high-profile companies and governmental agencies. The breach at the NSA was truly alarming and just one recent example of the dire situation the country, and world, face as cybercrime intensifies and the cyber security talent shortage becomes more serious.Accordingly, the purpose of this research is to focus on cyber education at the national, government, and law enforcement level examining the methodology to set the tone from the top ensuring alignment between governments, law enforcers, private sector, and academic level. It also examines the gaps in cyber laws and educational governance initiatives and their impact on efficient execution of cyber policies for various regions of the world with a focus on the United Arab Emirates and the United States of America.Finally, this article recommends policy guidelines and a compliance manual framework for governments and law enforcers to consider ensuring that cyber risks are properly addressed and mitigated in a structured and coherent way.

China-US mistrust threatens cyber security

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
Bargaining Power ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Governance Regime ◽  
Chinese Policy ◽  
Cyber Space ◽  
The Hague ◽  
Global Conference

Subject China and the global internet governance regime. Significance Cyber security was a leading topic at the Global Conference on Cyberspace that took place on April 16-17 in The Hague. As online tensions escalate and cyber attacks grow in prevalence, the direction of Chinese policy will be crucial in determining the future of the global internet. At the same time, the United States has lost much political capital and bargaining power. Impacts China may try to establish alternative internet structures and systems. China's conception of national sovereignty will hold back the cooperation procedures necessary to manage cyber space incidents. Without international cooperation, countries and companies may seek to retaliate against cyber attacks rather than merely ward them off.

Role of Cyber Security in Today's Scenario

2017 ◽  
pp. 177-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manju Khari ◽  
Gulshan Shrivastava ◽  
Sana Gupta ◽  
Rashmi Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
Computer Security ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Cyber Attack ◽  
Individual Property ◽  
Security Breaches ◽  
Information Tools ◽  
History Of ◽  
Security Standards

Cyber Security is generally used as substitute with the terms Information Security and Computer Security. This work involves an introduction to the Cyber Security and history of Cyber Security is also discussed. This also includes Cyber Security that goes beyond the limits of the traditional information security to involve not only the security of information tools but also the other assets, involving the person's own confidential information. In computer security or information security, relation to the human is basically to relate their duty(s) in the security process. In Cyber security, the factor has an added dimension, referring humans as the targets for the cyber-attacks or even becoming the part of the cyber-attack unknowingly. This also involves the details about the cybercriminals and cyber risks going ahead with the classification of the Cybercrimes which is against individual, property, organisation and society. Impacts of security breaches are also discussed. Countermeasures for computer security are discussed along with the Cyber security standards, services, products, consultancy services, governance and strategies. Risk management with the security architecture has also been discussed. Other section involves the regulation and certification controls; recovery and continuity plans and Cyber security skills.

Role of Cyber Security in Today's Scenario

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manju Khari ◽  
Gulshan Shrivastava ◽  
Sana Gupta ◽  
Rashmi Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
Computer Security ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Cyber Attack ◽  
Individual Property ◽  
Security Breaches ◽  
Information Tools ◽  
History Of ◽  
Security Standards

Cyber Security is generally used as substitute with the terms Information Security and Computer Security. This work involves an introduction to the Cyber Security and history of Cyber Security is also discussed. This also includes Cyber Security that goes beyond the limits of the traditional information security to involve not only the security of information tools but also the other assets, involving the person's own confidential information. In computer security or information security, relation to the human is basically to relate their duty(s) in the security process. In Cyber security, the factor has an added dimension, referring humans as the targets for the cyber-attacks or even becoming the part of the cyber-attack unknowingly. This also involves the details about the cybercriminals and cyber risks going ahead with the classification of the Cybercrimes which is against individual, property, organisation and society. Impacts of security breaches are also discussed. Countermeasures for computer security are discussed along with the Cyber security standards, services, products, consultancy services, governance and strategies. Risk management with the security architecture has also been discussed. Other section involves the regulation and certification controls; recovery and continuity plans and Cyber security skills.

scholarly journals Long-term experiences in keeping balance between safety and usability in research activities in KEK

2019 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 08001
Author(s):  
Tadashi Murakami ◽  
Fukuko Yuasa ◽  
Ryouichi Baba ◽  
Teiji Nakamura ◽  
Kiyoharu Hashimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Security ◽  
High Energy Physics ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Security Incident ◽  
Research Activities

This work aims to provide KEK general-purpose network to support various research activities in the fields of high-energy physics, material physics, and accelerator physics. Since the end of the 20th century, on a daily basis, networks experience cyber-attacks and the methods of attack have rapidly evolved to become more sophisticated over the years. Security measures have been developed to mitigate the effects of cyber-attacks. While security measures may improve safety, restrictions might reduce usability. Therefore, we must keep a balance between safety and usability of the network for a smooth running of research activities. Herein, we present our long-term experience with keeping a balance between safety and usability in KEK research activities. The key points are reasonably ensuring traceability and security management. We have been using security devices, such as firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and vulnerability management systems, to achieve a balance between safety and usability. Also, we present activities of the computer security incident response team (CSIRT) and collaborative activities among research organizations.

scholarly journals Advanced persistent threats as a manifestation of states’ military activity in cyber space

2018 ◽  
Vol 189 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boguslaw Olszewski
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
United States Government ◽  
Advanced Persistent Threats ◽  
Asymmetric Conflicts ◽  
State Actor ◽  
Military Activity

The term Advanced Persistent Threats (APT, APTs) has a relatively short history – originated in the United States’ government spheres and as such was referred to cyber attacks waged by a state actor. The emergence of such threats has been linked to the evolution of the hacker underground that took place after 2000. The activity of specialists swelling the Black Hat ranks had the nature of criminal offences, targeting data collected by corporations and state institutions. Despite a dozen or so years of experience with APTs, they continue to be a dynamic category of contemporary cyber security threats, with many evolving components beyond simple classification. Their unambiguous identification as a strictly separate type is obstructed mainly by the complex structure of such attacks, prompting analysts to locate them in a catalog containing various known vulnerabilities, mechanisms, cycles and variables. The analysis of the problem and the evolution of attacks to date has led to the hypothesis that Advanced Persistent Threats are now in the phase of their further modification and testing as a means of offensive action in inter-state and asymmetric conflicts. Armed forces and special services of states saw in them not only a tool per se to achieve economic and military advantage, but a theoretical basis for further research on the development of advanced cyber weapon.

scholarly journals STRATEGIC ANALYSIS OF CAPACITY BUILDING FOR THE CYBER SECURITY OF THE UNITED STATES IN ASIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-111
Author(s):  
Seiko Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Capacity Building ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Military Power ◽  
Deterrence Theory ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Military Support

In recent years, cyber-attacks in virtual spaces have been rapidly increasing, and modern centralized states have proven to be incapable of effectively responding to cyber-attacks on their own. To resolve cyber issues, the United States has started cooperating with allied countries such as Japan and the ASEAN countries through Capacity Building (CB). Cyber-attacks include online and physical infrastructures, often referred to as electronic warfare and “hybrid wars.” In this paper, I show the importance of revisiting deterrence theory for cyber security issues. Deterrence theory derives from a traditional International Relations (IR) theory, realism, which emphasizes that states always act to maximize military power. However, in explaining the CB in cyberspace, key concepts and different theoretical frameworks which both scholars of liberalism and neoliberalism advocate, must be incorporated because not only military power, but also economic power has to be taken into account. This paper takes the United States as one case in which infrastructural support in cyberspace is observed. More specifically, I argue that in order for CB to happen, cooperation in cyberspaces must emerge, especially in the realm of economy, legislation, and military support to allied countries. This paper intends to determine the utilities of cyber CB. To do so, I collected data from more than 200 countries and inspected the correlations between cyber-attacks and CB using statistical software R. I also examines other factors such as Internet population, GDP growth rate, war expenditures, economy, military, and law regimes, to determine which are statistically significant in mitigating cyber-attacks.   Keywords: cybersecurity, international relations, realism, liberalism, capacity building

scholarly journals A Worldwide Analysis of Cyber Security and Cyber Crime using Twitter

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S3) ◽  
pp. 1051-1056
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Novel Approach

In the era of social media and the Internet, there has been an exponential increase in threats related to the privacy of user accounts and data. The confidentiality of personal data is compromised for various motives. This sudden increase in security threats has led to widespread problems. Our research is focused on analyzing the extent of cyber-attacks in various countries across the globe. We have proposed a novel approach for analyzing the tweets related to cyber-attacks and its surrounding fields. The analysis proves that Asian countries face more cyber security issues as compared to European countries. Further, it is also analyzed that developing countries like India are more prone to these issues as compare to developed countries like the United States or the United Kingdom.

2021-22 Innovative Technologies to Prevent IP Cyber Attacks

2021 ◽  
pp. 84-94
Author(s):  
Mohammed. I. Alghamdi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
National Security ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Innovative Technologies ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Cyber Threats

The cyber security risks on Intellectual Property (IP) have unfortunately become the center of media attention quite recently. The cyber domain has risen to the front position of national security policy in the United States. This growth has created room for developing a lot of innovative technologies to prevent IP cyber-attacks. Usually, cyber-attacks target private data. But cyber-attacks have recently expanded their threat level to intellectual property. These threats affect companies, people, and even national security. Cyber threats to IP will be victimized by globalization. Hence, this article is aimed to explore existing innovative technologies used to prevent IP cyber-attacks and their future scope. To find out the existing technologies used in the prevention of cyber-attacks, secondary data will be used from recent reports by various public and government organizations, research papers, and news portals, and other relevant sources. Since cyber threats are increasing, a comprehensive, multinational strategy is needed for making better cyber security infrastructure. This strategy would improve international relations, protect international supply chains, innovation, and reduce financial losses.

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