scholarly journals Reformasi Hukum dan Realisasi Investasi Asing pada Era Presiden Joko Widodo

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-266
Author(s):  
Nandang Sutrisno ◽  
Sigar Aji Poerana
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Foreign Investments ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
Investment Policies ◽  
Legal Reforms ◽  
Investment Growth ◽  
Second Period ◽  
Priority Factor

This article discusses two reasearch questions, firstly, whether law reforms on investment by the issuance of policy packages involving massive numbers of regulations during the First Period of President Jokowi have been successful to increase the realization of foreign investments? Secondly, how is the projection of foreign investment policies in the Second Period Of President Joko Widodo to increase the realization of foreign investments? Theoretical framework used in this article methodologically places law as external environment for foreign investors, and that law is the priority factor and the most relevant for investment and economic growth. This article concludes that first, law reforms on investments by the issuance of massive regulations in the First Period, even though having been successful to increase the values of realization of cumulative foreign investments significantly, they have been unsuccessful in increasing the annual percentages of foreign investment growth. Second, Omnibus Law and the then implementing regulations that would be used to increase foreign investments have been inviting resistances from various components of the nation, due to lack of transparent procedures and degrading the interests of public at large, and bias of the intersets of investors. Therefore, the effectiveness of law reforms in the Second Period would be impeded by various resistant movements, and in turn, be contraproductive with the purposes of legal reforms. Abstrak Artikel ini membahas dua permasalahan utama, pertama apakah reformasi hukum investasi melalui serangkaian paket kebijakan dengan jumlah peraturan yang masif pada Periode Pertama Presiden Jokowi telah berhasil meningkatkan realisasi investasi asing? Kedua, bagaimanakah proyeksi kebijakan investasi asing pada Periode Kedua Presiden Jokowi untuk meningkatkan realisasi investasi asing? Kerangka teoretik yang digunakan dalam artikel ini secara metodologis menempatkan hukum sebagai lingkungan eksternal dari investasi asing, bahwa hukum merupakan faktor prioritas dan paling relevan untuk investasi dan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Kesimpulan dari artikel ini pertama, reformasi hukum investasi dengan mengeluarkan produk hukum yang masif pada Periode Pertama meskipun berhasil meningkatkan nilai investasi asing kumulatif secara signifikan, tetapi tidak berhasil meningkatkan persentase pertumbuhan pertahunnya. Kedua, Omnibus Law dan peraturan-peraturan pelaksanaanya yang akan diandalkan untuk meningkatkan investasi asing telah mengundang resistensi dari berbagai komponen bangsa, karena secara prosedur pembentukannya tidak transparan dan secara substantif mendegradasi kepentingan masyarakat luas serta lebih berpihak kepada kepentingan para investor. Dengan demikian efektivitas reformasi hukum pada Periode Kedua akan terganggu dengan berbagai gerakan resistensi yang akan menyebabkan kontraproduktif dengan tujuan dari reformasi hukum tersebut.

Dark Past, Grey Present or Bright Future? – Foreign Investors’ Access to China’s Telecommunications Industry and a Political Economy Analysis of Recent Industrial Policy Moves

2012 ◽  
pp. 513-541
Author(s):  
Wei Shen
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Telecommunications Industry ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
Investment Policies ◽  
Regulatory Instruments ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
Policy Direction ◽  
Transactional Models

Amid the global economic downturn, Eurozone crisis and Libya war in 2011, Alibaba, Yahoo and Softbank’s dispute over Alipay brought China’s telecoms industry and, more importantly, foreign investment policies into the global spotlight. This article considers Chinese legislative framework regulating foreign investment in China’s telecoms industry, and more importantly, two transactional models, that is, the CCF and VIE structures, foreign investors have adopted in the past three decades to access China’s restricted telecoms industry. This article attempts to unveil the underlying reasons foreign investors creating and utilizing these transactional models and, more importantly, China’s recent regulatory instruments Chinese authorities have taken in tackling the VIE structure in telecoms industry. From a political economy lens, this article offers a possible rationale underpinning such movements in light of China’s policy direction.

scholarly journals Protection of Foreign Investment in Central Asia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 125-150
Author(s):  
Farruhbek Muminov
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
International Investment ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
Investment Policies ◽  
National Economies

Central Asia, with its abundance of natural resources and low labor costs, is often seen as an attractive destination for foreign investment. The inflow of foreign investment into Central Asia has significantly increased in recent decades, and this phenomenon supports the improvement of both national economies and the welfare of the region. Still, Central Asia is not classified as a low-risk destination for foreign investment because of inadequate protection of foreign investment – particularly a lack of transparency and predictability in Central Asia states’ FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) regimes. Furthermore, international organizations (such as the OECD) indicate that some countries in Central Asia do not have clear investment policies. These points pose problems for foreign investors who desire to invest in the region. From this perspective, this article analyzes the consistency of the general principles of foreign investment in Central Asia with international investment standards.

scholarly journals Protecting the Rights of Local Shareholders under the Saudi rules for Qualified Foreign Financial Institutions Investments in Listed Shares: قانون الاستثمار الأجنبي في سوق الأسهم السعودية: دراسة تأصيلية مقارنة مع دول مجلس التعاون الخليجي ودولة استراليا

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Mushkus Almutairi
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Exchange Market ◽  
Foreign Investments ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
Local Stock

Recently, the Saudi Capital Market Authority (CMA) opened the door for foreign investors to invest directly in the stock exchange market (Tadawul) to gain more welfare from their investments. Along with this step, the CMA released a set of Rules for Qualified Foreign Financial Institutions Investments (RQFFII) in Listed Shares 2015 that aimed to attract and protect the shareholders' rights. In this research project, the RQFFII have been examined to discover the level of attraction that these Saudi rules offer to foreign investment. The project also aimed to highlight strengths and weaknesses in the rules with regard to the protection shareholders' rights. This thesis explored the possible influence of foreign investments in the Saudi stock exchange. The research project aimed to increase the CMA and shareholders' awareness and knowledge in regard to these rules which lead to more protection of the local stock exchange. In order to achieve this goal, this thesis used a qualitative method by comparing these rules to the regulations of other countries that have a successful record, such as the Gulf Countries Council (GCC) and Australia. It has also analysed reports of the international organization to support the findings. The findings showed that on the one hand the current rules are not sufficiently attractive, and on the other hand are restricted and able to provide enough protection to the domestic market and shareholders. In addition, the results support the positive role of foreign investors on the local stock exchange market and its regulations. The findings implied a correlation between regulations and foreign investment flows in regard to attracting foreign investments and protecting the local economy. Hence, Saudi policymakers use the gradual opening of foreign investors to its stock exchange, this project found that the amended rules in 2016 may lead to more foreign investment inflow.

IMPACT OF FOREIGN INVESTMENTS IN VESZPRÉM COUNTY AND THE BALATON REGION: A DIFFERENT APPROACH

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Galetin ◽  
◽  
Viktória Csizmadiáné Czuppon
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Foreign Investments ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Local Companies ◽  
The Impact

The importance of foreign investment for both foreign investors and host states (i.e. the economic development of the country receiving capital) is without question. Among the motives for cross-border movement of capital are profit making, entering new markets and cheaper production1. In that sense foreign investments are suitable tools which allow companies to expand their cross-border operations and possibility to become key economic players, locally and globally. The authors deal with the impact of foreign investment on local companies/local producers in Veszprém County and the Balaton Region. The research aims to explore their attitude - advantages and obstacles they encounter due to the existence of foreign companies. There was a requirement to analyze investment disputes in which Hungary is a party, scrutinizing socio-legal aspects of foreign investment. This research consists of four parts. After the introduction, the results of the survey are shown in the second part and investment disputes in the third part. Although the survey was done just before the COVID 19 outbreak, in some parts of the paper it was necessary to address certain issues in this context. The combination of theoretical analysis and empirical research that is characteristic of social sciences is used. Finally, in the last part, concluding remarks along with recommendations are presented.

scholarly journals Pemasaran Kebijakan Politik Luar Negeri Sebagai Diplomasi Presiden Jokowi Untuk Menarik Investor Asing di Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-73
Author(s):  
Baidawi Ahmad ◽  
Azarkasi Azarkasi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
Political Policy ◽  
Economic Diplomacy ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive

This paper wants to explain about Foreign Policy Marketing as President Jokowi's diplomacy to attract foreign investors. As we know, the Indonesian state from a geographical aspect has a very large area consisting of hundreds or even thousands of islands and straits. But the extent of the Indonesian territory has not been balanced with economic development such as infrastructure in all regions of Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the policies of President Jokowi in inviting foreign investors to invest directly in Indonesia and see the effect of foreign direct investment on foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic growth in Indonesia. The method used in this research is Qualitative Descriptive. The results or findings of this study indicate that the Marketing of Foreign Political Policy conducted by President Jokowi to attract foreign investors in Indonesia is through the economic Diplomacy Way and providing legal certainty for Foreign Investors investing in Indonesia and Foreign Investment can improve Infrastructure in Indonesia.

scholarly journals The Implications of Saving and Investment Balance on Economic Growth of the Republic Of Moldova

ECONOMICS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-115
Author(s):  
Rodica Perciun ◽  
Tatiana Petrova ◽  
Corina Gribincea
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Financial Market ◽  
Foreign Investments ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
National Bank ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Investment Growth

Summary The saving and investment balance can ensure the stability of the financial market. The aim of the study is to analyse the dynamics of the saving-investment balance in the Republic of Moldova and its impact on economic growth. The role and possibilities of attracting foreign investments into fixed assets are presented. The indicator of investment growth with a low level of gross savings is a signal or a harbinger of a decline in economic growth. According to the National Bank of Moldova, legal export of capital from the Republic of Moldova takes only a small part in the process of export of capital. The leading role in the mechanism of transformation of savings into investment should belong to BNM.

Kazakhstan's Economic Policy under Conditions of High Level of Foreign Investments

2004 ◽  
pp. 110-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Arystanbekov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Foreign Investments ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
Monetary Authorities ◽  
Negative Balance ◽  
Macroeconomic Efficiency ◽  
High Level

Kazakhstan's economic policy in the sphere of attracting foreign investments in 1993-2003 is considered in the article. Special attention is paid to the analysis of their macroeconomic efficiency. It is concluded that high rates of economic growth in Kazahkstan in 2000-2003 are conditioned not so much by the inflow of foreign investments as by exchange rate and currency policies of monetary authorities of the country. The tendency of growing interfirm indebtedness and negative balance of current accounts in favor of foreign investors is also analyzed.

Three Waves of BITs

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 1047-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srividya Jandhyala ◽  
Witold J. Henisz ◽  
Edward D. Mansfield
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Time Inconsistency ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
Full Understanding ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
Empirical Tests ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Second Period

Bilateral investment treaties (BITs), agreements that provide extensive rights and protection to foreign investors, were first adopted in the 1960s, proliferated in the late 1980s and 1990s, especially among developing countries, and seemingly fell out of fashion after 2001. To explain this life cycle of diffusion across the international state system, we argue that BIT signing followed a traditional logic of diffusion for an innovation albeit here in the policy realm. In the first period, BITs provided a solution to the time inconsistency problem facing host governments and foreign investors. In the second period, these treaties became the global standard governing foreign investment. As the density of BITs among peer countries increased, more countries signed them in order to gain legitimacy and acceptance without a full understanding of their costs and competencies. More recently, as the potential legal liabilities involved in BIT signing have become more broadly understood, the pattern of adoption has reverted to a more competitive and rational logic. Our empirical tests of BIT signing over four decades provide evidence for such a three-stage model.

In the Shadow of Oil: Francisco J. Múúgica vs. Telephone Transnational Corporations in Cardenista Mexico

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo Grunstein Dickter
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Transnational Corporations ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Foreign Investments ◽  
Investment Policies ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Revolutionary Nationalism ◽  
Telephone Industry ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Estudio De Caso

Most historians maintain that Mexican revolutionary nationalism reached its apex during the presidency of Láázaro Cáárdenas (1934––1940), as evidenced by the oil expropriation of 1938. However, British historian Alan Knight recently has dismissed this traditional interpretation. Instead, he suggests, ““more than ever oil was a special case,”” and that otherwise moderation and pragmatism, rather than doctrinaire nationalism, characterized Cardenista foreign investment policies. This argument is based on insufficient consideration of developments in other sectors. Toward answering the central question, ““What were the factors influencing the Cardenista government's divergent policies toward foreign investments and corporations operating in different industries?”” this article looks at the (scarcely studied) telephone industry. Between 1935 and 1940, the Cáárdenas government, led by Secretary of Communications Francisco J. Múúgica, waged an increasingly intense conflict against two telephone transnational corporations over monopoly, tariffs, taxes, and corporate nationality. The partial evidence drawn from the telephone industry tends to weaken Knight's position: oil was less exceptional than he suggests. Para la mayoríía de los historiadores, el nacionalismo revolucionario llegóó a su apogeo en Mééxico durante la presidencia de Láázaro Cáárdenas, tal como lo demuestra la expropiacióón petrolera de 1938. Esta interpretacióón convencional ha sido puesta en tela de juicio recientemente por el historííador britáánico Alan Knight. ÉÉste úúltimo sostiene que el episodio del petróóleo se tratóó máás bien de una ““excepcióón espectacular,”” y que, en realidad, laspolííticas cardenistas hacia el capital extranjero se caracterizaron por su ““moderacióón”” y ““pragmatismo.”” Los argumentos de Knight, sin embargo, se basan en informacióón históórica insuficiente de otros sectores. El objetivo principal del siguiente ensayo, es identificar algunos de los factores que influyeron en las polííticas divergentes del cardenismo hacia las empresas de propiedad extranjera, mediante el estudio de caso de la telefoníía. Entre 1935 y 1940, la administracióón cardenista, encabezada por su miembro máás radical, el Secretario de Comunicaciones y Obras Púúblicas Francisco J. Múúgica, entablóó un fuerte conflicto con las subsidiarias de dos grandes transnacionales, a raííz de los esfuerzos de los consorcios extranjeros por monopolizar los servicios telefóónicos en Mééxico. La evidencia indica que la animosidad del cardenismo hacia el capital extranjero fue menos excepcional de lo que Knight supone.

scholarly journals Foreign Investment in French Polynesia - Decision of 9 April 1996 of the French Constitutional Council

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Yves-Louis Sage
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Investment ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Legal Requirements ◽  
Foreign Investments ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
The Future

Investment projects especially in tourism are booming in French Polynesia and the future prosperity of the Territory relies largely on their success. However, foreign investments remain highly controlled by the territorial authorities. The measures adopted by the Territorial Assembly on 21 November 1996 despite, or as a consequence of, decision 96-373 of the French Constitutional Council, set out all the legal requirements for foreign investors in a way which leads to strong reservations as to their validity and their practical implementation.

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