scholarly journals China’s Regional Policy, Poverty and the Ethnic Question

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emile Kok-Kheng Yeoh
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Millennium Development Goals ◽  
Regional Policy ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Minority Policies

While China’s reforms have been successful in giving many people higher incomes and producing more goods and services, they also led to increasingly acute inequality in income and wealth among the populace. From one of the world’s most egalitarian societies in the 1970s, today China has turned into one of the most unequal countries in the region and even among developing countries in general. While China’s alleviation of poverty has been nothing less than remarkable and seems to have greatly exceeded Target 1 of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), yet ‘Impoverished China’ was still observed to be among the 10 largest ‘countries’ in the world. Furthermore, as the geographical correlation of ethnic minority distribution and poverty population distribution is unmistakable, reflecting the composite phenomenon made up of rural poverty, regional poverty and ethnic poverty, ethnoregionalization of poverty may present China not only with economic challenges but also long-term sociopolitical uncertainties. While the issue of poverty in China has a strong regional dimension, the size of China both demographically and geographically has led to the fact that her regional policy is always overshadowed by a host of complex interlinked socioeconomic, political, ethnic, territorial and historical factors. This paper analyzes the issue of poverty in China as a multi-faceted phenomenon, sees poverty alleviation as inevitably linked to the country’s regional and minority policies, and as such, argues for a stronger emphasis on the elements of decentralization and localization.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of the Ecological Forest Rangers Policy in Southwest China

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 746
Author(s):  
Yifan Wang ◽  
Dengju Wang ◽  
Rong Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Ecological Effect ◽  
Income Growth ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Linkage Mechanism ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Forest Protection

To achieve the dual goal of poverty alleviation and ecological restoration, the policy of ecological forest rangers (EFRs) was implemented in rural poverty-stricken areas in China, where local residents commonly depend on nearby forest resources for livelihoods. This study aimed to analyze the short-term and long-term effectiveness of the EFRs policy in China mainly in poverty alleviation and income growth, with a brief discussion on the ecological effect of the policy. A questionnaire survey was conducted in four counties in the Karst rocky desertification region in southwest China. By combing through the early literature on REDD+, community forestry, leasehold forestry, etc., this paper summarizes the experience and lessons of similar community forest management models, aiming to explain the unsustainability of EFRs policy from the perspective of forest tenure and governance. The findings of the effectiveness analysis of EFRs policy in the four poverty-stricken counties reflect different degrees of effect in rural households with different income levels. We believe that the EFRs policy has played important roles in short-term regional poverty alleviation while its potential for long-term income growth has not been stimulated. For the amendment of EFRs policy, we put forward the following points: (1) It is necessary to redesign the selection and recruitment mechanism, as well as the exit mechanism of EFRs adapting to the local conditions. (2) It is advisable to further improve the local assessment and monitoring system of forest protection quality of EFRs and optimize the establishment of benefit linkage mechanism between protection effectiveness and EFRs remuneration. (3) The EFRs remuneration standards should be dynamically raised to assure the active participation of EFRs in forest protection. Furthermore, there is a need for one more effective integration model of forest protection and rural livelihoods improvement, which is considered as a potential future research direction.

Editorial

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manasi Kumar ◽  
Erica Burman
Keyword(s):  
Millennium Development Goals ◽  
Health Management ◽  
The Political ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Critical Approaches ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Primary Focus

We welcome readers to the first special issue (11.1) of the Journal of Health Management. We hope the readers find the articles and various reviews enriching and provocative, both in terms of the range of ideas and critical approaches addressed. The key theme of this double issue concerns the political limits of mega-development projects such as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The primary focus of the articles collected here is to provide an insightful, constructive and in-depth critique of the United Nations (UN) MDGs along with critical deliberations on their short- and long-term implications not only for health management but also for a wide range of issues around development and social change.

Malaysia's Perspective of Inclusive Growth

2012 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 56-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firdaos ROSLI ◽  
En Ning HWA
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Millennium Development Goals ◽  
High Income ◽  
Inclusive Development ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
Development Goals

Since independence, Malaysia has pursued inclusive development for all its economic and social long-term plans. The success of its past national plans for economic development can be assessed by the progress of its Millennium Development Goals. The country now faces greater challenges in achieving inclusive economic and social development before it could become a high income nation by 2020. The authors suggest that inclusive development can also be incorporated in regional frameworks and programmes.

International Economic Institutions and Global Justice

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Blackmon
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Millennium Development Goals ◽  
Global Justice ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Cold War

The international financial institutions (IFIs) have adapted and changed their policies over time to focus on global justice and poverty alleviation. This evolution is explored, with close attention to the role of political economy scholars and international events that increased the pressure on the IFIs to change their policies. Events such as the failure of structural adjustment policies, and the increasing role of nongovernmental organizations after the end of the Cold War were strong forces advocating for both debt relief policies and efforts designed to alleviate poverty. Problems surrounding the deadline for the Millennium Development Goals in 2015 and the increased role of the IFIs during the 2008 global financial crisis are also discussed.

The Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative (G-8 Proposal) and Its Implications for the Fund - Further Considerations - Supplemental Information

Policy Papers ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Millennium Development Goals ◽  
Debt Relief ◽  
Executive Board ◽  
Debt Sustainability ◽  
Development Goals

The Executive Board held an informal seminar on September 21, 2005 to discuss possible implementation modalities for the G-8 debt relief proposal. On September 24, 2005, the International Monetary and Financial Committee supported providing 100 percent cancellation of debt owed by HIPCs to the Fund, and considered that this would provide significant additional resources for countries’ efforts to reach the Millennium Development Goals and reinforce long-term debt sustainability.

scholarly journals Editorial

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manasi Kumar ◽  
Erica Burman
Keyword(s):  
Millennium Development Goals ◽  
Health Management ◽  
The Political ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Critical Approaches ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Primary Focus

We welcome readers to the second special issue (11.2) of the Journal of Health Management in 2009. We hope the readers find the articles and various reviews enriching and provocative, both in terms of the range of ideas and critical approaches addressed. The key theme of this double issue concerns the political limits of mega-development projects such as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The primary focus of the articles collected here is to provide an insightful, constructive and in-depth critique of the United Nations (UN) MDGs along with critical deliberations on their short- and long-term implications not only for health management but also for a wide range of issues around development and social change.

scholarly journals Shrink and share: humanity's present and future Ecological Footprint

2007 ◽  
Vol 363 (1491) ◽  
pp. 467-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Kitzes ◽  
Mathis Wackernagel ◽  
Jonathan Loh ◽  
Audrey Peller ◽  
Steven Goldfinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Millennium Development Goals ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Ecological Footprint ◽  
Minimum Condition ◽  
Ecosystem Goods And Services ◽  
Agricultural Ecosystems ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Biological Capacity ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Total Capacity

Sustainability is the possibility of all people living rewarding lives within the means of nature. Despite ample recognition of the importance of achieving sustainable development, exemplified by the Rio Declaration of 1992 and the United Nations Millennium Development Goals, the global economy fails to meet the most fundamental minimum condition for sustainability—that human demand for ecosystem goods and services remains within the biosphere's total capacity. In 2002, humanity operated in a state of overshoot, demanding over 20% more biological capacity than the Earth's ecosystems could regenerate in that year. Using the Ecological Footprint as an accounting tool, we propose and discuss three possible global scenarios for the future of human demand and ecosystem supply. Bringing humanity out of overshoot and onto a potentially sustainable path will require managing the consumption of food, fibre and energy, and maintaining or increasing the productivity of natural and agricultural ecosystems.

scholarly journals Role of financial inclusion in poverty alleviation in Odisha

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Narayan Rout ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Millennium Development Goals ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Bank Branches ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Branch Banking

Objectives: This study dwells on the role of financial inclusion in poverty alleviation. The alleviation of poverty is implemented by combining direct tools and indirect tools. Traditional solutions have not been as effective and sufficient to tackle poverty. Indirect tools include improving access to credit, promoting savings to the poor. Methods/Statistical analysis: We use district level branch banking and development indicators data for 30 districts of Odisha during the discrete period 1992 to 2011, since official poverty data for district levels are not released. Findings: When controlled for PDDP, number of bank branches plays a significant role to reduce poverty. We find that an increase of Rs. 10,000/- in PDDP can cause a fall in poverty by 4%, an increase of 10% in Rice Yield can cause fall in poverty by 1.5%, whereas, an additional 100 number of bank branches can reduce poverty by 4.7% in the districts. Application/Improvements: The results of this analysis could go further to achieve the millennium development goals in few years. Novelty: We find the relative ranking of the coefficients of real sector and finance sector variables, that when controlled for other variables, e.g., Rice Yield, No. of Branches and PDDP to negatively impact poverty rates. Keywords: inclusion; poverty alleviation; banking; NDDP; branches

scholarly journals HARMONISASI KEBIJAKAN PENGENTASAN KEMISKINAN DI INDONESIA YANG BERORIENTASI PADA MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmy Latifah
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Millennium Development Goals ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Definition Of

The purpose of this research is to understand the level of harmonization of poverty alleviation regulations and policies in Indonesia within the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), especially Target 1. From this research, it can be created a model of regulation and polices harmonization of poverty alleviation in Indonesia in order to harmony with the MDGs. To achieve these objectives, data collected by regulation and policies of poverty alleviation in Indonesia, and then it is analyzed with editing analysis style. The results of this research are the policies of poverty alleviation in Indonesia are not harmonious with the MDG target. It is because of the poverty alleviation policies in Indonesia with the MDG target as a result of differences in defining poverty, which is not focused on the definition of poverty used by the MDGs. The definition of poverty according to the MDGs is those who have income less than US$ 1 per day.  Key words: harmonization of regulations and policies, poverty alleviation, Millennium Development Goals

China’s Progress in Poverty Reduction: What Can South Africa Learn from China to Attain the Poverty Eradication Goal in the Sustainable Development Goals?

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Mandla Abednico Mubecua
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Millennium Development Goals ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Poverty Eradication ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Poverty Levels

During the evaluation of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) from 2000 to 2015, it was discovered that there was no country managed to meet the envisioned goal of eradicating poverty. However, it was observed that China is the only country that managed to half its poverty levels. Just like other developing countries, South Africa is one of the countries whose performance in the attainment of the first goal of MDGs was not satisfactory. Through the utilization of secondary data in a qualitative approach, this paper argues that South Africa can perform better if it can learn and follow the strategies used by China to shrink its poverty levels. The study shows that China mostly supports State Owned Enterprises, which make the economy to grow and help in poverty alleviation. For that reason, the study recommends that in order for South Africa to attain the poverty eradication goal by 2030 more SOEs have to be established.

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