scholarly journals “Is power always secondary to the economy?” Foucault and Adorno on Power and Exchange

2015 ◽  
pp. 180-198
Author(s):  
Deborah Cook
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
State Power ◽  
The State ◽  
Nazi Germany ◽  
The West ◽  
Exchange Relations

The paper begins with a broad description of Adorno’s and Foucault's relations to Marx. Its focus then narrows to describe the relation between the economy and the state in their work, and in particular, whether Adorno adopted Friedrich Pollock’s state capitalist thesis which asserts that state power now outflanks the market economy. The next section deals with exchange relations and power relations, and Foucault’s discussion of neo-liberalism in The Birth of Biopolitics comes to the fore. After questioning Foucault’s claim that neo-liberalism effectively abandons exchange, I conclude that, while Adorno may well be right about the primacy of exchange relations, his analysis must be supplemented with an analysis of power because he recognizes that power superseded exchange in Nazi Germany and believes that the West still faces a resurgence of that horror. In fact, it was this very threat that impelled Foucault to devote much of his work to an analysis of power.

Social Isolation and Repertoires of Resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
EMILY KALAH GADE
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
State Power ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
Social Connection ◽  
The West ◽  
Collective Resistance ◽  
The Relationship

Checkpoints in the West Bank’s Hebron Governorate represent Israel’s ever-present power over Palestinian civilians. Drawing on 71 interviews conducted during the Intifada of Individuals (2015), this article inductively builds theory about the relationship between social isolation and different modalities of resistance. Rather than forcing civilians to comply with the state, checkpoint apparatus instead change the nature and texture of resistance. I suggest that checkpoints structure social connections for civilians on the ground. Checkpoint apparatus which inhibit social connection engender a feeling of hopelessness and foster support for individual, often violent, resistance. Where checkpoints isolate a community as a whole but did not disrupt within-community social connections, citizens maintain hope for the possibility of change, which facilitates a preference for collective resistance. This article identifies troubling consequences checkpoints have on civilians and highlights how oppressive state power can limit some modalities of resistance only to engender support for others.

Religious Economies and Religious Mobility

2016 ◽  
pp. 292-327
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
The State ◽  
The West ◽  
State Regulations ◽  
History Of Religions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Religious Economies ◽  
Religious Economy

Religious economies are a novel idea with potential application in a free market economy. They bring the idea of the existence of the supernatural and concern with ultimate meanings, so ubiquitous to religions, in touch with the multiplicity of paths available to us. In Islamic Sufism, there are as many paths to God as there are individuals. A situation in which people could compare and evaluate religions, regarding them as a matter of choice, can best described as a religious economy. Just as commercial economies consist of a market in which different firms compete, religious economies consist of a market (the aggregate demand for religion) and firms (different religious organizations) seeking to attract and hold clienteles. Just as commercial economies must deal with state regulations, religious economies' key issue is the degree to which they are regulated by the state. From Stark's viewpoint, the natural state of a religious economy is religious pluralism, wherein many religious “firms” exist because of their special appeal to certain segments of the market or the population. However, just as there is incentive for a commercial organization to monopolize the market to maximize its profit, it is always in the interest of any particular religious organization to secure a monopoly, maintain its followers, and expand into new interest groups. This can be achieved, (and even then to a very limited extent) only if the state forcibly excludes competing faiths (Stark, 2001). The building blocks of Stark's ideas are the assumption of a free market, a market economy, and the key issue of rational choice theory, hand in hand with American Pragmatism. As with the history of religions, which are not and have not been free from contest and cooperation, similarities, and differences, so religious economies have not been and are not easily shaped without considering forces from within and among different economies. Religious actions, reactions, and interactions in monotheism, diversity of textual interpretations, the growth of intellectualism or counter-intellectualism, human perception of transcendence and the sacred, as well as the realities of everyday life, all imply that the idea of religious economies needs more exploration. Christianity and Islam, one dominating the West and the other the East and Africa, offer the instances of two massive markets. Each religion has more than a billion adherents and a history of sharing the monotheistic market. Both religions, in spite of Islamophobia in the West, have formed and will participate in the decline, incline, or stability of the market. This subject is timely in light of the political movements in the Middle East and monolithic misconception of Islam.

Russia and Globalization

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-429
Author(s):  
Mikhail Molchanov
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Global Market ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
The West

AbstractGlobalization dramatically changed Russia and prompted its return to the global market economy on terms largely dictated by the West. The post-communist transition transformed not only the country's economic and political systems but also the state-society articulation at large. Russia's complete abandonment of socialist ethics cost the country and its people dearly. While neoliberal economists regard globalization as a worldwide advance in terms of economic efficiency and human enlightenment, the Russian example shows that the process can also be catastrophic and intrinsically unethical.

The Origins of the Market Economy: State Power, Territorial Control, and Modes of War Fighting

2008 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Schoenberger
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
State Power ◽  
State Building ◽  
Commodity Markets ◽  
The State ◽  
Considerable Degree ◽  
Natural Evolution ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Per Se ◽  
And Control

The origin and spread of money-based commodity markets is normally attributed to a natural evolution from barter and is usually seen as a solution to problems of exchange. I want to propose that markets to a considerable degree develop historically out of a different set of dynamics. These are concerned with the state-building tasks of territorial conquest and control, and are closely related to specific modes of war fighting. In this connection, markets develop not only to facilitate exchange per se but also to facilitate the mobilization of resources and their management across space and time. This need to manage resources geographically and temporally contributes not only to the spread of commodity markets but also to the development of markets in land and in labor.

scholarly journals Politicising ‘Covid-19’: An analysis of selected ZANU-PF officials’ 2020-2021 media statements on the pandemic in Zimbabwe

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-37
Author(s):  
Paddington Mutekwe ◽  
◽  
Kudzaiishe Peter Vanyoro
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
The State ◽  
The West ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
National Union ◽  
Political Interests

This paper examines the politicisation of Covid-19 in Zimbabwe through discourse analysis of selected media statements released by Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF) officials on the Covid-19 pandemic between March 2020 and February 2021. Theoretically, the paper employs Foucault’s theory of biopower to interpret the state-citizen power relations that surfaced in the Zimbabwean government’s response to the Covid-19 pandemic. It argues that the ZANU-PF-led government used Covid-19 as an excuse to pursue its political interests. This is politics that protected ZANU-PF’s social, political and economic interests by using Covid-19 as an excuse to pulverise various forms of opposition. The argument advanced herein is that while the implementation of the lockdown in Zimbabwe was necessary to save lives, one of its consequences was the protection of self-interests through selective application of lockdown regulations and the passing of laws to silence critics. This resulted in the prohibition of political gatherings, arbitrary arrests, labelling and name-calling of the opposition and the West by ZANU-PF officials who were safeguarding their party’s waning support resulting from their mismanagement of the pandemic.

scholarly journals Forvaltningen af det bestående:

2015 ◽  
pp. 17-35
Author(s):  
Mathias Hein Jessen
Keyword(s):  
Power Relations ◽  
Political Power ◽  
The State ◽  
The West ◽  
Homo Sacer ◽  
Point Of Intersection ◽  
The Given

The article investigates Giorgio Agamben’s turn to, and radicalization of, Foucault’s concept of governmentality, which Agamben argues constitutes a ’decisive point’ in the Homo sacer-series. The article shows that in the investigation of the Trinitarian oikonomia, Agamben finds the point of intersection between the ‘totalizing procedures’ of the state and ‘individualizing techniques’ of biopolitics thereby disclosing the ‘zone of indistinction’ between sovereignty and government and politics and economy, which constitutes power in the West. Furthermore, the article argues that Agamben shows how the economy is not something distinct from politics, encroaching on its logic, but rather how the governmental paradigm of the West constitutes the continual administration of the given, the continual and perpetual government of the economy and thereby of the existing economic and political power-relations.

Power relations and the labour share of income in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-628
Author(s):  
Hao Qi
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Economic Transition ◽  
The State ◽  
Socialist Economy ◽  
Reform Era ◽  
Labour Share ◽  
The Social ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
State Socialist

Abstract The labour share of income in China substantially declined from the mid-1990s to the late 2000s. We analyse the effect of power relations among the state, workers and managers on the labour share, during China’s economic transition from a state–socialist economy to a market economy. We take a Marxian approach in variable selection to reflect power relations over the two stages of China’s reform era. The econometric analysis shows that two major changes in power relations—the social contract between the state and workers disappeared and workers’ power relative to management declined—have a significant effect on the labour share. Furthermore, sectoral changes have no significant effect on the labour share between 1999 and 2010.

Religious Economies and Religious Mobility

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-94
Author(s):  
Hasan Shahpari ◽  
Tahereh Alavi Hojjat
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
The State ◽  
The West ◽  
State Regulations ◽  
History Of Religions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Religious Economies ◽  
Religious Economy

Religious economies are a novel idea with potential application in a free market economy. They bring the idea of the existence of the supernatural and concern with ultimate meanings, so ubiquitous to religions, in touch with the multiplicity of paths available to us. In Islamic Sufism, there are as many paths to God as there are individuals. A situation in which people could compare and evaluate religions, regarding them as a matter of choice, can best described as a religious economy. Just as commercial economies consist of a market in which different firms compete, religious economies consist of a market (the aggregate demand for religion) and firms (different religious organizations) seeking to attract and hold clienteles. Just as commercial economies must deal with state regulations, religious economies' key issue is the degree to which they are regulated by the state. From Stark's viewpoint, the natural state of a religious economy is religious pluralism, wherein many religious “firms” exist because of their special appeal to certain segments of the market or the population. However, just as there is incentive for a commercial organization to monopolize the market to maximize its profit, it is always in the interest of any particular religious organization to secure a monopoly, maintain its followers, and expand into new interest groups. This can be achieved, (and even then to a very limited extent) only if the state forcibly excludes competing faiths (Stark, 2001). The building blocks of Stark's ideas are the assumption of a free market, a market economy, and the key issue of rational choice theory, hand in hand with American Pragmatism. As with the history of religions, which are not and have not been free from contest and cooperation, similarities, and differences, so religious economies have not been and are not easily shaped without considering forces from within and among different economies. Religious actions, reactions, and interactions in monotheism, diversity of textual interpretations, the growth of intellectualism or counter-intellectualism, human perception of transcendence and the sacred, as well as the realities of everyday life, all imply that the idea of religious economies needs more exploration. Christianity and Islam, one dominating the West and the other the East and Africa, offer the instances of two massive markets. Each religion has more than a billion adherents and a history of sharing the monotheistic market. Both religions, in spite of Islamophobia in the West, have formed and will participate in the decline, incline, or stability of the market. This subject is timely in light of the political movements in the Middle East and monolithic misconception of Islam.

Economic and Legal Support for Commercialization of Intellectual Property in Russia

2003 ◽  
pp. 66-76
Author(s):  
I. Dezhina ◽  
I. Leonov
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
The State ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
The West ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Legal Context

The article is devoted to the analysis of the changes in economic and legal context for commercial application of intellectual property created under federal budgetary financing. Special attention is given to the role of the state and to comparison of key elements of mechanisms for commercial application of intellectual property that are currently under implementation in Russia and in the West. A number of practical suggestions are presented aimed at improving government stimuli to commercialization of intellectual property created at budgetary expense.

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