scholarly journals A Municipality against the State: Power Relations between State and Local Self-Government Representatives, Based on the Example of Bohemia at the Turn of the Nineteenth Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Martin Klečacký
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
State Power ◽  
The State ◽  
State And Local

scholarly journals Learning to Labour: “Native” Orphans in Colonial India, 1840s–1920s

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-42
Author(s):  
Soni
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
State Power ◽  
Child Labour ◽  
The State ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Colonial India ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Actors ◽  
Poor Children

AbstractTo this day, the history of indigenous orphans in colonial India remains surprisingly understudied. Unlike the orphans of Britain or European and Eurasian orphans in the colony, who have been widely documented, Indian orphans are largely absent in the existing historiography. This article argues that a study of “native” orphans in India helps us transcend the binary of state power and poor children that has hitherto structured the limited extant research on child “rescue” in colonial India. The essay further argues that by shifting the gaze away from the state, we can vividly see how non-state actors juxtaposed labour and education. I assert that the deployment of child labour by these actors, in their endeavour to educate and make orphans self-sufficient, did not always follow the profitable trajectory of the state-led formal labour regime (seen in the Indian indenture system or early nineteenth-century prison labour). It was often couched in terms of charity and philanthropy and exhibited a convergence of moral and economic concerns.

The Sovereign and the Sage

2020 ◽  
pp. 218-242
Author(s):  
James Pickett
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Life ◽  
State Power ◽  
The State ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Military Elite

This chapter assesses the ulama's relationship with state power. By the long nineteenth century, the ulama stood as a pillar of the state, limited though that state was. Islamic scholars systematically deployed their diverse Persianate skill set and leveraged Islamic knowledge on behalf of the Turkic nobility. Nevertheless, the ulama still envisioned the state as an Islamic state, and they carefully guarded their moral prerogative to speak for the religion both groups agreed had a total monopoly on politics and social life. Although in certain instances evidence exists of this most important of prerogatives — the authority to legitimately speak for religion — shifting in favor of the Turkic military elite, the ulama cultivated a spirit of moral independence and superiority to the state.

scholarly journals Moralizing Commerce on the Frontier

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-248
Author(s):  
Robert W. Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Local Government ◽  
The State ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Local Government Officials

Beginning in the late nineteenth century a promising ranching sector developed on the Mato Grosso frontier with Paraguay. The most lucrative markets for cattle products were in neighboring Paraguay, Uruguay, and in the southeast of Brazil. For the most part markets were distant from the region of production, while fiscal revenues were always limited, hence the state attempted to impose its regulations and taxes as it could. Residents found their incomes were constrained at the best of times, and any “outside” impositions were simply obstacles to the prosperity of their communities and businesses. The result was that like similar regions across the globe cattle and cattle product smuggling became normal. The profits were significant enough that even local government officials were involved. The result was a long-running “battle” between the state and local producers to tap the potential promised by ranching that simultaneously promoted and inhibited the development of the region. This article explores these contradictory aspects of ranching settlement along the Brazil-Paraguay border.

scholarly journals Public Administration as One of the Forms for Exercising State Power

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-290
Author(s):  
Svitlana Hryhorivna Serohina ◽  
Olena Mykolayivna Mykolenko ◽  
Vadym Seliukov ◽  
Oleksii Lialiuk
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
State Power ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
State System ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Effective Activity ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Definition Of

The problematic issues related to the definition of public administration as one of the forms of exercising state power are considered. The level of how the quality of public administration processes affects the functioning of the state system and its key mechanisms is analyzed. An important emphasis is placed on the fact that the most useful of the successful practices of public administration in developed countries can be adopted for the state system of Ukraine. Modern problems and ways of their effective solution at different levels of state and local administration are actualized. The analysis of the basic structural elements of qualitative public administration, the level of their influence on processes of realization of the state-power powers within functioning of the state system is offered. For example, it explains whether transparency and impartiality do have a significant impact on the efficiency of public administration. The efficiency (effectiveness) of various, "non-traditional" ways and means of realization of public-administrative activity is established. The conclusions of both leading scholars are analyzed, and the author's assessment of the extent to which the adoption of strategies and tactics of management activities borrowed from other areas of socially useful activity are useful for the field of public administration. First of all, this applies to the sphere of private business. After all, the analyzed experience of developed countries proves that Ukraine can borrow a lot of useful solutions and practical effective tools from private industries.Keywords: Public Administration; State Power; Public Administration; Effective Activity Administrasi Negara Sebagai Salah Satu Bentuk Penyelenggaraan Kekuasaan Negara AbstrakIsu-isu problematik terkait dengan definisi administrasi publik sebagai salah satu bentuk pelaksanaan kekuasaan negara yang patut dipertimbangkan. Tingkat bagaimana kualitas proses administrasi publik mempengaruhi fungsi sistem negara dan mekanisme kuncinya dianalisis. Penekanan penting ditempatkan pada fakta bahwa praktik administrasi publik yang paling berguna dan yang berhasil di negara maju dapat diadopsi untuk sistem negara Ukraina. Masalah modern dan cara penyelesaiannya yang efektif di berbagai tingkat administrasi negara bagian dan lokal diaktualisasikan. Analisis elemen-elemen struktural dasar administrasi publik kualitatif, tingkat pengaruhnya terhadap proses realisasi kekuatan-kekuatan negara dalam fungsi sistem negara ditawarkan. Misalnya, menjelaskan apakah transparansi dan ketidakberpihakan memang memiliki dampak signifikan terhadap efisiensi administrasi publik. Efisiensi (efektivitas) dari berbagai, "non-tradisional" cara dan sarana realisasi kegiatan administrasi publik didirikan. Kesimpulan dari kedua cendekiawan terkemuka dianalisis, dan penilaian penulis tentang sejauh mana penerapan strategi dan taktik kegiatan manajemen yang dipinjam dari bidang lain dari kegiatan yang bermanfaat secara sosial berguna untuk bidang administrasi publik. Pertama-tama, ini berlaku untuk bidang bisnis swasta. Bagaimanapun, pengalaman yang dianalisis dari negara-negara maju membuktikan bahwa Ukraina dapat meminjam banyak solusi yang berguna dan alat praktis yang efektif dari industri swasta.Kata kunci: Administrasi Publik; Kekuasaan Negara; Ilmu Pemerintahan; Aktivitas Efektif Государственное управление как одна из форм осуществления государственной власти Аннотация В статье рассматриваются проблемные вопросы, связанные с определением публичного администрирования как одной из форм реализации государственной власти. Проанализирован уровень влияния качества процессов государственного управления на функционирование государственной системы и ее ключевых механизмов. Важный акцент делается на том, что именно полезного из успешных практик функционирования публичного администрирования в развитых странах можно перенять для государственной системы Украины. Актуализируются современные проблемы и пути их эффективного решения на разных уровнях государственного и местного управления. Предлагается анализ основных структурных элементов качественного публичного администрирования, уровень их влияния на процессы реализации государственно-властных полномочий в пределах функционирования государственной системы. Например, объясняется, действительно ли прозрачность и беспристрастность оказывают значительное влияние на эффективность публичного администрирования. Устанавливается эффективность (действенность) различных, «нетрадиционных» способов и средств реализации публично-административной деятельности. Анализируются выводы как ведущих ученых, так и предлагается авторская оценка того, в какой степени для сферы публичного администрирования полезно заимствование стратегий и тактик осуществления управленческой деятельности. Прежде всего это касается сферы частного бизнеса, поскольку опыт развитых стран доказывает, что Украина может позаимствовать немало полезных решений и практически эффективных инструментариев именно из частных отраслей.Ключевые слова: Публичное Администрирование; Государственная Власть; Общественное Управление; Государственная Система

The Oxford Handbook of American Political History

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
The State ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The Impact

This handbook captures the revival of the study of the American political past that has taken shape over the past few decades. Because this renewal has been the result of an interdisciplinary effort, this volume features the work of historians, political scientists, sociologists, and scholars in such fields as law and communications. Its contributors cover traditional chronological periods along with topics in public policy. Some of traditional topics, such as transportation, tax, and economic policy, have been revitalized through interdisciplinary work. Others, such as the histories of conservatism and religion in politics, reflect political history’s fruitful connections with intellectual, social, and cultural history. Throughout the essays reflect political history’s classic focus on government, institutions, and public life, often now informed by work on gender, region, ideas, race, and culture. Two themes, political participation and statebuilding, recur through these essays. Neither had a straightforward history. The right to vote was not a story of ever-expanding access. If we broaden the category to include all manner of public and even seemingly private actions, the range of political actors and events widens and diversifies considerably. While the rediscovery of “the state” owes much to political sociology and American Political Development, the impact on historical scholarship has been wide and deep. Most essays on policy areas show some of the influence of the careful study of institutions and the tangled process of policy development. Even more, work on the early nineteenth century has reminded historians of an active state: nineteenth-century state and local governments regulated all manner of things, from slave codes to voting rights to alcohol consumption and sale to medical practices, some of which would become federalized and a matter of rights in the late twentieth century. The study of “the state” added new layers of complexity and opened new debates in the histories of sexuality, labor, women, and race. Like political participation, the study of the state promises to spark new debate.

scholarly journals “Is power always secondary to the economy?” Foucault and Adorno on Power and Exchange

2015 ◽  
pp. 180-198
Author(s):  
Deborah Cook
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
State Power ◽  
The State ◽  
Nazi Germany ◽  
The West ◽  
Exchange Relations

The paper begins with a broad description of Adorno’s and Foucault's relations to Marx. Its focus then narrows to describe the relation between the economy and the state in their work, and in particular, whether Adorno adopted Friedrich Pollock’s state capitalist thesis which asserts that state power now outflanks the market economy. The next section deals with exchange relations and power relations, and Foucault’s discussion of neo-liberalism in The Birth of Biopolitics comes to the fore. After questioning Foucault’s claim that neo-liberalism effectively abandons exchange, I conclude that, while Adorno may well be right about the primacy of exchange relations, his analysis must be supplemented with an analysis of power because he recognizes that power superseded exchange in Nazi Germany and believes that the West still faces a resurgence of that horror. In fact, it was this very threat that impelled Foucault to devote much of his work to an analysis of power.

scholarly journals Living on Edge: New Perspectives on Anxiety, Refuge and Colonialism in Southern Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel King
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Historical Archaeology ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
State Power ◽  
The State ◽  
Sense Making ◽  
African Archaeology ◽  
Social Distress ◽  
Making Sense

Archaeologies of colonialism have have called for exploring the culturally dynamic entanglements of people and objects while acknowledging the violence that accompanied these entanglements. Heeding these calls requires attention to how the state and state power were materialized, particularly in settler colonies where state apparatuses advanced unevenly, insidiously and clumsily. Here, I explore how the (mis)understandings and (mis)apprehensions of people and places that accompanied the halting expansion of colonial frontiers were materialized. Focusing on southern Africa's Highveld and Maloti-Drakensberg Mountains, I offer anxiety as a framework for conceiving of colonialisms as epistemic encounters: processes of ‘making sense’ of new people, things and places based on material practices, empirical experience and desire. Through a narrative of the nineteenth-century Maloti-Drakensberg told with archival, archaeological and ethnographic materials, I revisit a longstanding trope of southern African archaeology and historiography: refugia from social distress. I argue that refuge can be taken as a sense-making practice rather than as reaction to stress. I close with thoughts on what an anxiety framework can offer the still-developing field of African historical archaeology.

Some aspects of the idea of unity V. Solovyov and the present

2000 ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
O. O. Romanovsky
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
National Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
The Government ◽  
The University ◽  
Temporary Closure

In the second half of the nineteenth century, the nature of the national policy of Russia is significantly changing. After the events of 1863 in Poland (the Second Polish uprising), the government of Alexander II gradually abandoned the dominant idea of ​​anathematizing, whose essence is expressed in the domination of the principle of serving the state, the greatness of the empire. The tsar-reformer deliberately changes the policy of etatamism into the policy of state ethnocentrism. The manifestation of such a change is a ban on teaching in Polish (1869) and the temporary closure of the University of Warsaw. At the end of the 60s, the state's policy towards a five million Russian Jewry was radically revised. The process of abolition of restrictions on travel, education, place of residence initiated by Nicholas I, was provided reverse.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document