scholarly journals Chemical Restraining and Electroejaculation Protocols for Semen Collection in White-Lipped Peccary (Tayassu pecari)

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renan Luiz Albuquerque Vieira ◽  
Celso Henrique Souza Costa Barros ◽  
Thaise Da Silva Oliveira Costa ◽  
Marcus Antônio Rossi Feliciano ◽  
Sérgio Luiz Gama Nogueira-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Induction Time ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Tayassu Pecari ◽  
Semen Collection ◽  
In Captivity

Background: In order to reverse the White-lipped peccary decline, besides protecting its habitat and controlling hunting, it is necessary a captive breeding program. There are reports, however, on the low fertility of white-lipped peccary, making it difficult its reproduction in captivity, making artificial insemination one of the main tools to prevent the loss of genetic diversity of species kept in captivity. Information on safe methods of anesthesia and the collection of semen should be investigated. Therefore, we aimed to compare the effects of the anesthetic protocols acepromazine/ketamine and xylazine/ketamine, as well as electroejaculation protocols, for semen collection in white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari).Materials, Methods & Results: Twelve adult male white-lipped peccaries were submitted both to the xylazine/ketamine and acepromazine/ketamine anesthetic protocols. The anesthetic induction time and duration, the degree of muscle relaxation, the time for anesthetic recovery and the quality of the animals’ recovery were evaluated. Additionally, the quality of the sedation was evaluated based on the animal’s behavior. We also evaluated the effect of drugs on erectile functions as well as the efficiency of three electroejaculation protocols with increasing or fixed voltages (2 to 4 V; 5 to 12 V; 12 V). The acepromazine/ketamine combination promotes shorter induction time, duration and recovery from anesthesia than the xylazine/ketamine association. There were no differences, however, between the tested anesthetic protocols in relation to heart rate, respiratory rate and temperature. Ejaculate was obtained from only 2 animals when using the xylazine/ketamine protocol and adoption of stimuli between 5 and 12 V, with 10 stimuli at each voltage. In turn, ejaculate was obtained from four animals submitted to the acepromazine/ketamine protocol, three of them with the adoption of stimuli between 5 and 12 V and one with the adoption of fixed 12 V stimuli, with 45 stimuli at this single voltage.Discussion: The animals presented less deep anesthesia and, consequently, worse indicators of well-being during and after the collection procedures when submitted to the xylazine/ketamine protocol compared to the acepromazine/ketamine protocol. When submitted to the acepromazine/ketamine protocol, the animals allowed the observer to approach and handle them, facilitating handling and collection of semen, in addition to promoting better indicators of animal welfare. Also, with this aforementioned protocol, the animals showed better anesthetic return. For both anesthetic protocols, the protocol of increasing stimuli from 5 to 12 V, with 10 stimuli at each voltage, resulted in penile erection and in obtaining ejaculate in a greater number of animals in relation to the other electroejaculation protocols. In turn, the use of the growing protocol 2 V to 4 V did not even cause an erection in any of the 12 animals. From the ejaculates collected from the white-lipped peccary, volumes (0.2 to 1.0 mL) and average sperm concentration (379.1 x 106 sperm/mL) were comparatively higher than those from Pecari tajacu. The white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari) is considered an aggressive animal, and this characteristic can explain the relatively low success in obtaining ejaculates, as aggressiveness is directly related to stress, which is an antagonist of ejaculation. Thus, we proposed to test chemical restraint with the aid of a blowgun in future studies.

scholarly journals Environmental enrichment for neotropical primates in captivity

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanner Boere
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Neotropical Primates ◽  
Breeding Colony ◽  
Behavioral Needs ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Review Reports

Captivity is an extreme non-natural environment for primates. The success of a breeding colony depends of management and veterinarian procedures which must rely on the knowledge of primates' behavioral needs. Environmental enrichment consists of a series of procedures that improve the quality of life of captive animals by meeting their ethological needs. Enrichment can reduce stress, while increasing animal well being in captivity. Suitable ethical conditions, incidences of behavioral disorders, minimal clinical interventions, low mortality, higher reproduction rates and cost/benefit relationship, reflect directly on the quality of captive breeding colonies. Anthropoids like Neotropical primates possess complex neural structures and relate, in a sophisticated manner, to the environment. This review reports important experiences on enrichment procedures for Neotropical primates and the physiological events which could explain improvement of animal well-being.

Quality of domestic cat semen collected by urethral catheterization after the use of different alpha 2-adrenergic agonists

2020 ◽  
pp. 1098612X2097318
Author(s):  
Mónica Madrigal-Valverde ◽  
Rodrigo F Bittencourt ◽  
Antonio DL Ribeiro Filho ◽  
Vivian F Barbosa ◽  
Catharina A Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Morphology ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Adrenergic Agonists ◽  
Urethral Catheterization ◽  
Seminal Parameters ◽  
Semen Collection ◽  
Economical Alternative

Objectives We compared the effects of two alpha (α)2-adrenergic agonists on semen traits. Methods In this study, 13 adult domestic cats were divided into two experimental groups, according to the chemical ejaculation protocol used: the first group received medetomidine hydrochloride (100 µg/kg) and ketamine (5000 µg/kg); the second group received dexmedetomidine hydrochloride (25 µg/kg) and ketamine (5000 µg/kg), both by the intramuscular route. Results The animals responded positively ( P >0.05) to chemical collection. Seminal parameters evaluated included volume, sperm vigor, total motility, progressive motility, sperm concentration, and the structural and functional integrity of the plasma membrane; sperm morphology values did not differ between groups ( P >0.05). Conclusions and relevance The results indicated that dexmedetomidine is a more viable and economical alternative to medetomidine in domestic cats submitted to semen collection by urethral catheterization. Semen collection by urethral catheterization after using α2-adrenergic agonists is a recently developed technique in feline species that is considered to be quick and highly applicable to assisted reproduction programs in felids.

scholarly journals Enrichment Preferences of Raptors at Elmwood Park Zoo

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Elisa Tyler Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Bald Eagle ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Haliaeetus Leucocephalus ◽  
Bald Eagles ◽  
Buteo Jamaicensis ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Natural Enrichment

Environmental enrichment is often offered to animals in captivity to aid in enhancing quality of life by providing appropriate environmental stimuli that improve psychological and physiological well-being. Due to the limited amount of research conducted on raptors and enrichment, I sought to determine raptor preferences of enrichment types through the observation of captive bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) in the education department at Elmwood Park Zoo. I predicted that the raptors would interact more with natural enrichment items compared to ones that were man-made. Although results showed only the female bald eagle to interact enough with the enrichment items to gather an adequate number of observations, she was found to interact significantly more frequently with natural enrichment items compared to ones that were man-made (p 0.0001, FET). These results are not meant to infer that all female bald eagles prefer natural enrichment items over man-made ones, or that all male bald eagles and female and male red-tailed hawks do not prefer any enrichment items. Nonetheless, they justify future research on environmental enrichment preferences involving many more individuals and many more taxa to determine more appropriate enrichment regimens for captive birds of prey.

Effect of genetic and environmental factors on semen productionand quality of Madura cattle in Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koko Wisnu Prihatin ◽  
Luqman Hakim ◽  
Sucik Maylinda ◽  
V.M. Ani Nurgiartiningsih
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Bull Semen ◽  
Semen Collection ◽  
Semen Volume ◽  
Ejaculation Frequency ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

The indigenous Madura cattle semen production and quality were evaluated. Total of 2275 semen collection records from 11 bulls were analyzed to evaluate the genetic potency of semen productions. The genetic evaluation was described as an estimation of bull semen volume, sperm concentration and sperm individual motility. Data were analyzed by HGLM-REML with environmental factors of age, seasons, interval of semen collections and frequency of ejaculations as fixed effect. The result showed that the age and the ejaculation frequency affected to all variables; an interval of semen collections affected to both semen volume and sperm concentrations; and seasons only affected to sperm concentrations. Repeatability estimate of semen volume, sperm concentration and sperm individual motility were 0.376, 0.445 and 0.567 respectively. It can be concluded that the quality of ejaculate was less affected by environmental factors, supported by the good adaptation of indigenous Madura cattle under the local climatic conditions and management in the artificial insemination station.

scholarly journals Production and Quality of Semen in Boars in Insemination Centre

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 1189-1193
Author(s):  
Vendula Kamanová ◽  
Zdeněk Hadaš ◽  
Pavel Nevrkla
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Volume Percentage ◽  
Semen Collection ◽  
Semen Volume ◽  
Concentration Levels ◽  
Age Category

The aim of this study was to analyze production and quality of semen in boars in an insemination centre. Experimental material consisted of 8,052 semen samples collected from 146 boars. During the period of 5 years, an analysis of semen parameters was conducted. The obtained data were divided according to age of boars at the time of semen collection. Results showed that boars between 8 months and 3 years of age reached higher levels of semen volume, percentage of abnormal spermatozoa and number of spermatozoa. Older boars had lower sperm concentration levels. The largest total number of spermatozoa and corrected number of spermatozoa were observed in boars between 13 and 36 months of age. Later, the production of spermatozoa decreased. Based on the results of the presented study, the age category of 13 – 36 months can be recommended to dominate in the herd of boars in the insemination centre.

scholarly journals Seasonal effect on semen availability and quality of racing pigeon in Thailand

2021 ◽  
pp. 1459-1464
Author(s):  
Suwarak Wannaratana ◽  
Em-on Olanratmanee ◽  
Kuekaroon Charoenmuang ◽  
Thanvarath Boriharnthanawuth ◽  
Banpatee Tangtrongwanich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Semen Quality ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Semen Collection ◽  
Geographical Regions

Background and Aim: Seasonal variations among geographical regions could influence pigeon semen quality differently. This study aimed to determine the seasonal effect on semen availability and quality of racing pigeons in Thailand to understand and improve breeding management in the country. Materials and Methods: Semen was collected from six fertile captive pigeons once a week during summer (March-June), monsoon (July-October), and winter (November-February) during 2019-2020. The success rate of semen collection and semen quality was determined in each season – by which changes in average temperature, humidity, and photoperiod were obtained. Results: Comparable success rates of semen collection were acquired among different seasons, while varied semen qualities were revealed. The percentages of total motility and progressive motility score of sperm were significantly lowest in summer (66.35±3.40 and 3.88±0.15, respectively) compared to monsoon (85.45±2.91 and 4.67±0.10, respectively) and winter (79.29±1.96 and 4.37±0.10, respectively), while its concentration (×109 sperm/mL) and outputs (×106 sperm) were significantly highest in winter (7.62±0.54 and 91.44±10.83, respectively) compared to summer (4.23±0.41 and 48.45±6.35, respectively) and monsoon (3.57±0.30 and 51.45±7.21, respectively). Besides, semen samples collected from birds housing at an average temperature of <29.5°C demonstrated better sperm motility sperm concentration and total sperm counts than those from at a higher temperature. Conclusion: Winter was regarded as the best season contributing the best semen quality, while summer was the worst. Due to the fluctuation of temperature during summer and winter, the seasonal temperature was implied as the major factor contributing to changes in sperm quality of racing pigeons in Thailand.

scholarly journals Quality of semen in the reproductive cycle of Cachara (Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum) raised in captivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. e46517
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Diana Navarro ◽  
Juliana Ventorim Lemos ◽  
Marcela Tosta Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Semen Quality ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Intermediate Part ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Evident Relationship ◽  
Motility Rate

In this study, we evaluated the semen quality of Cachara (Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum) raised in captivity during its reproductive period. For the evaluation of qualitative parameters, we analyzed: sperm morphology, sperm motility, and sperm vigor; while for the quantitative parameter, we analyzed sperm concentration. In general, the main significant difference was found in March, with a motility rate of 40% and a duration of 39 seconds. The highest mean concentration (1.2x10⁸) was observed in February, as well as the highest percentage of defects in the intermediate part of the spermatozoa (59%). The morphological analysis of spermatozoa showed an average of 24.2% abnormalities in the head and 22.7% in the intermediate part of spermatozoa of P. fasciatum for the four months studied. We did not find any evident relationship between the climate changes evaluated and the qualitative and quantitative parameters. The greatest difference between the percentage of normal spermatozoa and the sharp increase of defects in the intermediate piece, observed in February, can be explained by the sudden climate change, with a significant decrease in temperature and relative humidity, and increase in precipitation. These findings demonstrate the importance of maintaining an optimum climate interval during the breeding season for P. fasciatum.

scholarly journals Animal welfare and environmental enrichment in the domestic breeding and ornamental rearing of geese and mallards

2021 ◽  
pp. 107-125
Author(s):  
Luiza Isaia de Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Bird Breeding ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
The Right

The concept of animal welfare has been widely studied and discussed in recent years. This is a science, which seeks an improvement in the quality of life of animals, ensuring that they have the right to their 5 basic freedoms respected. Animal welfare practices seek to have animals express their natural behavior, even when they are in captivity, ensuring their physical and psychological health. Such techniques help in the adaptation of the animal to the environment, especially in captive animals and in breeding. There is a direct relationship between the implementation of animal welfare practices and the ability of them to adapt and have a good quality of life in the environment in which it was inserted. The growing increase in ornamental bird breeding and as pets has revealed the need to study and ensure welfare practices in the rearing of these animals. One of the techniques used to ensure animal welfare is the implementation of different types of environmental enrichments. Environmental enrichment seeks through different techniques and materials to provide more attractive and stimulating environments to animals, allowing interaction between animals and animal-environment, enabling them to enjoy and explore the environment, optimizing the available spaces, providing opportunities for the development of behaviors and natural abilities of the species, reducing the stress caused by space limitation and absence of stimuli. The objective of this work was to relate animal welfare in the implementation of environmental enrichment in two breeding stake of geese and mallards, one for ornamental and domestic purposes, birds being reared as pets. In particular describe the creation, report the implementation of three types of environmental enrichment: food, physical and social, and response of birds after the implementation of this technique of animal welfare promotion. The results of the implementation of food, physical and social environmental enrichment, to improve the well-being of birds, were verified in both breedings, obtaining a positive result. There was an improvement in the behavior of the animals, which is closer to the natural in both groups, attesting to improvement in quality of life and providing physical and psychological well-being to birds.

scholarly journals Effects of conditioning on the welfare of jaguars (Panthera onca) in captivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 1076-1084
Author(s):  
L.C.F. Garcia ◽  
B. Dallago ◽  
L.G.D. Dantas ◽  
F.E.M. Bernal
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Environmental Stimulus ◽  
Animal Management ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
The Face ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Routine Procedures ◽  
Spatial Limitation

ABSTRACT The jaguar is the largest feline in the Americas and in the face of the threat of extinction and the reduction of natural areas, keeping the species in captivity may be important for its conservation. This condition can lead to a reduction in well-being, especially due to spatial limitation and lack of environmental stimulus. In recent decades, techniques have been sought to minimize the negative impacts of captivity, with an increase in the use of environmental enrichment and operational conditioning in order to facilitate routine procedures for the animal management. In this scenario, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of conditioning on the welfare of jaguars in captivity, analyzing behavioral and physiological effects through salivary cortisol. Seven jaguars were studied in a Scientific Breeder. There was an increase in behaviors associated with welfare and cortisol during conditioning, possibly related to learning. The increase in behaviors associated with welfare suggests that the technique can contribute to improve the quality of life of these animals in captivity.

scholarly journals REPORTE DE ECTOPARÁSITOS EN AVES DE CAUTIVERIO, Y SU CONTROL

e-CUCBA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
Nayeli Joceline De la Crúz-Romero ◽  
◽  
Vanessa Lizeth Gudiño-Mendoza ◽  
Carlos Manuel Ocegueda-Gutiérrez ◽  
Ana Belén Solorzano-Mazariegos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Zoonotic Infections ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Prophylactic Method ◽  
Timely Treatment

Mexico is found in the top 10 countries worldwide that export wild birds. While there is an increasing demand for owning birds among Mexicans, there is insufficient information on how to appropriately care for them. Mexico is home to approximately 1,060 ofthe world’s bird species, roughly 10%. Removal of these birds from their natural habitat for commercial purposes without regulation is a practice widely undertaken in the country. As a result of he lack of knowledge and irresponsible practices while keeping these birds in captivity, their well-being is not maintained. They therefore become susceptible to the proliferation of external arthropod parasites, called ectoparasites. Ectoparasites can cause disease in humans, domestic and wild animals by acting as a reservoir for important pathogens that can transmit zoonotic infections. In this work, clinical cases of domestic birds obtained from Veterinarians of the Metropolitan Area of Guadalajara that were infected by ectoparasites were reviewed. In all the cases analyzed, the presence of the ectoparasite Knemidokoptesspp., cause of scabies, was found. The most commonly used treatment for elimination ofparasitosis is topical Ivermectin, and the main risk factor identified is the lack of cleanliness in bird housing. A timely treatment for these parasitic infections is able to prevent the death of these birds. Additionally, a proper diet and carrying out a necessary prophylactic method for each species will improve their quality of life in captivity.

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