scholarly journals Environmental enrichment for neotropical primates in captivity

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanner Boere
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Neotropical Primates ◽  
Breeding Colony ◽  
Behavioral Needs ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Review Reports

Captivity is an extreme non-natural environment for primates. The success of a breeding colony depends of management and veterinarian procedures which must rely on the knowledge of primates' behavioral needs. Environmental enrichment consists of a series of procedures that improve the quality of life of captive animals by meeting their ethological needs. Enrichment can reduce stress, while increasing animal well being in captivity. Suitable ethical conditions, incidences of behavioral disorders, minimal clinical interventions, low mortality, higher reproduction rates and cost/benefit relationship, reflect directly on the quality of captive breeding colonies. Anthropoids like Neotropical primates possess complex neural structures and relate, in a sophisticated manner, to the environment. This review reports important experiences on enrichment procedures for Neotropical primates and the physiological events which could explain improvement of animal well-being.

scholarly journals Enrichment Preferences of Raptors at Elmwood Park Zoo

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Elisa Tyler Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Bald Eagle ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Haliaeetus Leucocephalus ◽  
Bald Eagles ◽  
Buteo Jamaicensis ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Natural Enrichment

Environmental enrichment is often offered to animals in captivity to aid in enhancing quality of life by providing appropriate environmental stimuli that improve psychological and physiological well-being. Due to the limited amount of research conducted on raptors and enrichment, I sought to determine raptor preferences of enrichment types through the observation of captive bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) in the education department at Elmwood Park Zoo. I predicted that the raptors would interact more with natural enrichment items compared to ones that were man-made. Although results showed only the female bald eagle to interact enough with the enrichment items to gather an adequate number of observations, she was found to interact significantly more frequently with natural enrichment items compared to ones that were man-made (p 0.0001, FET). These results are not meant to infer that all female bald eagles prefer natural enrichment items over man-made ones, or that all male bald eagles and female and male red-tailed hawks do not prefer any enrichment items. Nonetheless, they justify future research on environmental enrichment preferences involving many more individuals and many more taxa to determine more appropriate enrichment regimens for captive birds of prey.

scholarly journals Animal welfare and environmental enrichment in the domestic breeding and ornamental rearing of geese and mallards

2021 ◽  
pp. 107-125
Author(s):  
Luiza Isaia de Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Bird Breeding ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
The Right

The concept of animal welfare has been widely studied and discussed in recent years. This is a science, which seeks an improvement in the quality of life of animals, ensuring that they have the right to their 5 basic freedoms respected. Animal welfare practices seek to have animals express their natural behavior, even when they are in captivity, ensuring their physical and psychological health. Such techniques help in the adaptation of the animal to the environment, especially in captive animals and in breeding. There is a direct relationship between the implementation of animal welfare practices and the ability of them to adapt and have a good quality of life in the environment in which it was inserted. The growing increase in ornamental bird breeding and as pets has revealed the need to study and ensure welfare practices in the rearing of these animals. One of the techniques used to ensure animal welfare is the implementation of different types of environmental enrichments. Environmental enrichment seeks through different techniques and materials to provide more attractive and stimulating environments to animals, allowing interaction between animals and animal-environment, enabling them to enjoy and explore the environment, optimizing the available spaces, providing opportunities for the development of behaviors and natural abilities of the species, reducing the stress caused by space limitation and absence of stimuli. The objective of this work was to relate animal welfare in the implementation of environmental enrichment in two breeding stake of geese and mallards, one for ornamental and domestic purposes, birds being reared as pets. In particular describe the creation, report the implementation of three types of environmental enrichment: food, physical and social, and response of birds after the implementation of this technique of animal welfare promotion. The results of the implementation of food, physical and social environmental enrichment, to improve the well-being of birds, were verified in both breedings, obtaining a positive result. There was an improvement in the behavior of the animals, which is closer to the natural in both groups, attesting to improvement in quality of life and providing physical and psychological well-being to birds.

scholarly journals Effects of conditioning on the welfare of jaguars (Panthera onca) in captivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 1076-1084
Author(s):  
L.C.F. Garcia ◽  
B. Dallago ◽  
L.G.D. Dantas ◽  
F.E.M. Bernal
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Environmental Stimulus ◽  
Animal Management ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
The Face ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Routine Procedures ◽  
Spatial Limitation

ABSTRACT The jaguar is the largest feline in the Americas and in the face of the threat of extinction and the reduction of natural areas, keeping the species in captivity may be important for its conservation. This condition can lead to a reduction in well-being, especially due to spatial limitation and lack of environmental stimulus. In recent decades, techniques have been sought to minimize the negative impacts of captivity, with an increase in the use of environmental enrichment and operational conditioning in order to facilitate routine procedures for the animal management. In this scenario, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of conditioning on the welfare of jaguars in captivity, analyzing behavioral and physiological effects through salivary cortisol. Seven jaguars were studied in a Scientific Breeder. There was an increase in behaviors associated with welfare and cortisol during conditioning, possibly related to learning. The increase in behaviors associated with welfare suggests that the technique can contribute to improve the quality of life of these animals in captivity.

scholarly journals Chemical Restraining and Electroejaculation Protocols for Semen Collection in White-Lipped Peccary (Tayassu pecari)

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renan Luiz Albuquerque Vieira ◽  
Celso Henrique Souza Costa Barros ◽  
Thaise Da Silva Oliveira Costa ◽  
Marcus Antônio Rossi Feliciano ◽  
Sérgio Luiz Gama Nogueira-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Induction Time ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Tayassu Pecari ◽  
Semen Collection ◽  
In Captivity

Background: In order to reverse the White-lipped peccary decline, besides protecting its habitat and controlling hunting, it is necessary a captive breeding program. There are reports, however, on the low fertility of white-lipped peccary, making it difficult its reproduction in captivity, making artificial insemination one of the main tools to prevent the loss of genetic diversity of species kept in captivity. Information on safe methods of anesthesia and the collection of semen should be investigated. Therefore, we aimed to compare the effects of the anesthetic protocols acepromazine/ketamine and xylazine/ketamine, as well as electroejaculation protocols, for semen collection in white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari).Materials, Methods & Results: Twelve adult male white-lipped peccaries were submitted both to the xylazine/ketamine and acepromazine/ketamine anesthetic protocols. The anesthetic induction time and duration, the degree of muscle relaxation, the time for anesthetic recovery and the quality of the animals’ recovery were evaluated. Additionally, the quality of the sedation was evaluated based on the animal’s behavior. We also evaluated the effect of drugs on erectile functions as well as the efficiency of three electroejaculation protocols with increasing or fixed voltages (2 to 4 V; 5 to 12 V; 12 V). The acepromazine/ketamine combination promotes shorter induction time, duration and recovery from anesthesia than the xylazine/ketamine association. There were no differences, however, between the tested anesthetic protocols in relation to heart rate, respiratory rate and temperature. Ejaculate was obtained from only 2 animals when using the xylazine/ketamine protocol and adoption of stimuli between 5 and 12 V, with 10 stimuli at each voltage. In turn, ejaculate was obtained from four animals submitted to the acepromazine/ketamine protocol, three of them with the adoption of stimuli between 5 and 12 V and one with the adoption of fixed 12 V stimuli, with 45 stimuli at this single voltage.Discussion: The animals presented less deep anesthesia and, consequently, worse indicators of well-being during and after the collection procedures when submitted to the xylazine/ketamine protocol compared to the acepromazine/ketamine protocol. When submitted to the acepromazine/ketamine protocol, the animals allowed the observer to approach and handle them, facilitating handling and collection of semen, in addition to promoting better indicators of animal welfare. Also, with this aforementioned protocol, the animals showed better anesthetic return. For both anesthetic protocols, the protocol of increasing stimuli from 5 to 12 V, with 10 stimuli at each voltage, resulted in penile erection and in obtaining ejaculate in a greater number of animals in relation to the other electroejaculation protocols. In turn, the use of the growing protocol 2 V to 4 V did not even cause an erection in any of the 12 animals. From the ejaculates collected from the white-lipped peccary, volumes (0.2 to 1.0 mL) and average sperm concentration (379.1 x 106 sperm/mL) were comparatively higher than those from Pecari tajacu. The white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari) is considered an aggressive animal, and this characteristic can explain the relatively low success in obtaining ejaculates, as aggressiveness is directly related to stress, which is an antagonist of ejaculation. Thus, we proposed to test chemical restraint with the aid of a blowgun in future studies.

The effects of handling and environmental enrichment on the welfare of finishing pigs

2000 ◽  
Vol 2000 ◽  
pp. 131-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L Chamberlain ◽  
S. A. Edwards ◽  
J. E. L Day
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Housing Environment ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
And Performance

The general well-being of growing pigs is known to be affected by both the quantity/quality of stockperson input invested and the complexity of their housing environment (Pearce et. al., 1989). However, the nature of the interactions which exist between these two factors is still largely unknown. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the separate and interactive effects of handling and environmental enrichment on the welfare and performance of growing pigs.

The mating behaviour of the dibbler, Parantechinus apicalis, in captivity

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen M. Wolfe ◽  
Helen Robertson ◽  
Roberta Bencini
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Breeding Colony ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Males And Females

A study of the mating behaviour of the dibbler, Parantechinus apicalis, was conducted at a captive-breeding colony at Perth Zoo. In total, 21 pairs of P. apicalis were observed. The oestrous cycles of the females were monitored, and the males and females were paired when the females were approaching oestrus. Direct observations were made of the pairs over a 2-h period 3–4 times a week for the duration of the breeding season (mid February to April). It was found that the mating behaviour of P. apicalis was similar to that of other dasyurids; in particular, sniffing, vocalisations, chasing and attempted mounting tended to increase in the days leading up to mating. No significant difference was found between successful pairs (i.e. those that did mate) and unsuccessful pairs (i.e. those that did not) in the number of interactions and the average distance between the pair.

scholarly journals Apical Elongation of Molar Teeth in Captive Microtus Voles

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 572-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise M. Imai ◽  
Risa Pesapane ◽  
Christopher J. Conroy ◽  
Christina N. Alarcón ◽  
Nora Allan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Susceptibility ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Museum Collection ◽  
Ventral Margin ◽  
Breeding Colony ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Molar Teeth ◽  
Ocular Discharge

Molar apical elongation (MAE) was the leading cause for euthanasia or death in a captive breeding colony of endangered Amargosa voles ( Microtus californicus scirpensis). Clinical signs included ocular discharge, abnormal mastication, dyspnea, abnormal mentation, weight loss, and death. Although the severity varied, all molars in all quadrants were affected. When severe, the overgrown molar reserve crown and apex protruded into the nasal meatuses, the orbit, the calvarial vault and through the ventral margin of the mandible. Overall prevalence in the colony was 63% (92/146 voles) and increased to 77% in aged voles (>1 year). Mean age of onset was 5.3 months (1.7–11.2 months). Progression to extreme severity occurred over 1 to 3 months. Mean survival was 10.9 months (7.1–21.7 months). Histologically, the lesion was characterized by odontogenic hyperplasia and dysplasia. MAE was also documented in museum specimens of 2 other M. californicus subspecies ( M. californicus californicus, M. californicus vallicola) and 3 other Microtus species ( M. montanus, M. pennsylvanicus, M. socialis). In the M. californicus californicus collection, overall prevalence was 35.1% (129/368 skulls) and increased to 77.3% in aged voles (>1 year). A probable genetic influence was identified in the museum collection of M. californicus californicus. The etiopathogenesis of MAE is likely multifactorial, due to (1) inherent continuous odontogenic proliferation, (2) inadequate occlusal attrition, and (3) possible heritable disease susceptibility. In captivity, dietary or other management of occlusal attrition to prevent or delay MAE is a fundamental concern.

scholarly journals Behavioral assessment of shelter dogs submitted to different methods of environmental enrichment

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubia Avlade Guedes Sampaio ◽  
Yanna Nascimento de Figueiredo Martins ◽  
Francisca Maria Sousa Barbosa ◽  
Camilla Ingrid Queiroz Franco ◽  
Maria Duarte Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Behavioral Assessment ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Stereotyped Behavior ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Shelter Dogs ◽  
The Individual

ABSTRACT: Environmental enrichment is a dynamic process consisting of a set of activities designed to meet the ethological and psychological needs of animals. It stimulates the natural behavior of each animal species improving the well-being of the individual and avoiding the development of stereotyped behaviors. The present study aimed to assess the potential benefits that four different types of environmental enrichment would bring to the quality of life of shelter dogs. Twenty dogs were observed for 6 hours daily for 5 consecutive days in the first week in order to assess and document their behavior patterns in an experimental kennel. Between the second to the fourth week, 3 forms of game and 1 type of food enrichment were used in the first 4 days of each week. On the fifth day of each week, behavioral patterns were recorded and later compiled and analyzed according to the Tukey test. Statistical analysis showed significant differences in behaviors associated with lying down, standing up, and licking. Based on our findings, we concluded that the use of environmental enrichment methods through different types of games and toys in shelters decreased signs of depression and stereotyped behavior of kennelled dogs. Results of the present study showed that these tools may help improve life quality of these animals.

scholarly journals Well-Being and Public Policy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Bronsteen ◽  
Christopher Buccafusco ◽  
Jonathan Masur
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Laws And Policies

Governments rely on certain basic metrics and tools to analyze prospective laws and policies and to monitor how well their countries are doing. In the United States, cost-benefit analysis (CBA) is the primary tool for analyzing prospective policies, especially with respect to administrative regulations. Similarly, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is perhaps the most prominent metric for monitoring a country's progress. In recent years, one of the most important developments in social science has been the emergence of psychological research measuring subjective well-being (SWB) or ‘happiness’. This article first explains the way in which SWB is measured and how those measurements have been validated. It then discusses well-being analysis (WBA), which uses happiness data to analyze prospective policies more accurately than does CBA. Next, it covers the ways in which SWB data have been used to generate prices that can be used by traditional economic analysis. This is followed by a discussion of attempts to revise CBA to deal with the limitations stemming from the fact that it uses wealth to assess the effects of policy on quality of life. Finally, the article lays out the progress made towards creating an SWB-based alternative to GDP.

Quality of life for critical care patients: a concept analysis

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
AE Bond
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Physical Limitations ◽  
Satisfactory State

Confusion, misunderstanding, and ethical concerns may interfere with patients' choices for appropriate treatment and subsequent quality of life. Such concerns did not originate from recent technological advances but from the ancient Greeks and Romans who honored health more than life, and the early Christians who honored life more than health. These opposing concepts reflect differing notions of quality of life. Determining the quality of life involves personal issues--the cognitive ability to evaluate one's own life; the perception of a satisfactory state of social, emotional, physical, and mental health; and an acceptable feeling of well-being despite physical limitations. In contrast, and often conflict, are objective evaluations of treatment outcomes, morbidity/mortality statistics, cost/benefit analyses, and age studies performed in an attempt to determine quality of life by persons other than the patient.

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