Balantidium coli in Pigs of Distinct Animal Husbandry Categories and Different Hygienic-Sanitary Standards in the Central Region of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

Background: Balantidium coli is a commensal protozoan that infects several animals, but it has pigs as its natural reservoir. In the presence of predisposing factors, B. coli can become pathogenic for swine, causing enteric lesions. Infections determined by this protozoan may be a risk to public health, due to dysentery in animal keepers and veterinarians. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of infection by B. coli in pigs of distinct husbandry categories, as well as unlike physiological state, kept in farms with different hygienic-sanitary standards, located in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul State in Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: Stool samples were collected from 12 different farms with different hygienic-sanitary standards being four farms of finisher pigs (G1; n = 287), four farms with pregnant females (G2; n = 60) and four farms with lactation sows (G3; n = 40), and all samples were submitted to coproparasitological analyses to verify the presence of cysts or trophozoites of B. coli. The infection levels were considered mild (1-100 cyst/trophozoite), moderate (101300 cyst/trophozoite) and high (>300 cysts/trophozoite). In addition, information about hygienic-sanitary conditions of each farm was collected. The occurrence of B. coli infection in all swine stool samples analyzed was 60.9% (236/387); however, in G1, G2 and G3 was 54.7% (157/287), 91.7% (55/60) and 65% (26/40) respectively. There was significant difference in the occurrence of G1 (P < 0.05) except between farms B and C (67.9% and 56.6% respectively). There was also a significant difference (P < 0.05) between the occurrence of B. coli found in G2 and G3. The infection levels were considered predominantly mild in G1; and mild to moderate in G2 and G3.Discussion: In this research it was confirmed the presence of B. coli in swine farms located in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul State in Brazil. This area is known as being an important producer of pigs in Brazil. The results obtained in this study, demonstrated that swine farms with better hygienic and sanitary standards, had mild infections by B. coli. However, the presence of intestinal parasites, especially protozoa, can occur even in properties with good management practices. However, protozoa infections can cause important production losses, especially when associated with other pathogens or nutritional problems. The occurrence of B. coli observed in pregnant (G2) and lactating (G3) females was significant, and the infection level was mild to moderate. These conditions suggest that pregnancy, childbirth and lactation are critical stages for females, mainly due to physiological stress, resulting in a change in the hormonal levels and immune status of the animals. Thus, these factors cause declines in the immune response of pigs making them susceptible to infections and the increase of cyst excretion of B. coli in feces. The abundance of protozoan cysts in feces contaminates the environment and increases the risk of infections in humans. In addition, it was demonstrated the occurrence of B. coli in an important site of swine production in RS, Brazil. B. coli is related to the physiological state of the animals and the hygienic and sanitary management in different categories of swine. In conclusion, this study highlights the epidemiological importance of swine as natural reservoir of Balantidium coli and the risk potential of infection to animals and humans. Additionally, sanitary program in farming pigs must be improved in order to guarantee healthy and food-safe product for consumers.

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SIMULAÇÃO DE DESBASTE EM POVOAMENTO DE Hovenia dulcis MEDIANTE DENDROGRAMA DE MANEJO DE DENSIDADE

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v40i3.18927 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Gerson Luiz Selle ◽

Elisabete Vuaden ◽

Luiz Antônio Jacques de Albernard ◽

Evaldo Muñoz Braz

Keyword(s):

Central Region ◽

Rio Grande ◽

High Variability ◽

The Other ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Density Method ◽

Dominant Height ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Regression Adjustment ◽

Hovenia Dulcis

Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de estudar a densidade e simular intervenções, por meio de dendrogramas de manejo de densidade, em uma população de Hovenia dulcis localizada na região central do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Para tanto, foram utilizados dados de diâmetro de copa e de fuste, coletados em três estratos: dominante, intermediário e dominado, pelo método da Densidade Pontual de Spurr, num povoamento de aproximadamente 1,3 hectares de uva do Japão com 25 anos de idade. Devido o local de coleta das informações apresentar grande variação na altura dominante, este foi dividido em Sítios I e II. Entre os estratos verificou-se que somente ocorreu diferença estatística significativa entre o estrato dominante do Sítio I e os demais de ambos os sítios. O coeficiente angular do ajuste das linhas de densidade ficaram estabelecidos, para o estrato dominante do Sítio I em -2,492 e, para os demais, em -1,085. A melhor forma de conduzir o povoamento seria aplicando um desbaste, se o mesmo fosse formado somente por árvores com dimensões semelhantes às do estrato dominante do Sítio I, e quatro intervenções se fosse constituído somente de indivíduos pertencentes aos demais estratos.Palavras-chave: Sítio; modelo de Reineke; desbaste. AbstractThinning simulation in Hovenia dulcis population trough density management dendrogram. The main objective of this study was to simulate density and interventions through density management dendrogram in a population of Hovenia dulcis located in the central region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It was utilized Data from crown and stem diameters, collected in three types of tree stratum dominant, intermediate, and dominant, through the Punctual Density Method developed by Spurr, in a stand of approximately 1.3 hectares of Hovenia dulcis 25 years old were used. Due to the high variability in the trees dominant height the area was divided into two sites, I and II. The results showed that statistic significant difference was detected only between the dominant stratum of site I, and the other strata on both sites. The angular coefficients of the regression adjustment of the density lines were -2.492 for the site I dominant stratum and -1.085 for the others. It was also observed that the best way to manage the stand would be one thinning, if it was formed only by trees with similar dimensions of the dominant stratum of Site I, and four thinnings if the site was composed by individuals belonging to the other strata.Keywords: Site; Reineke model; thinning.

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Rendimento de grãos de soja e de milho, no Rio Grande do Sul, não difere entre eventos El Niño Oscilação Sul

Agrometeoros ◽

10.31062/agrom.v26i1.26376 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ronaldo Matzenauer ◽

Bernadete Radin ◽

Alberto Cargnelutti Filho

Keyword(s):

El Niño ◽

El Nino ◽

Southern Oscillation ◽

Rio Grande ◽

La Niña ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

La Nina ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Income Data ◽

The Relationship

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a relação entre o fenômeno El Niño Oscilação Sul - ENOS e o rendimento de grãos de soja e de milho no Rio Grande do Sul e verificar a hipótese de que os eventos El Niño são favoráveis e os eventos La Niña são prejudiciais ao rendimento de grãos das culturas. Foram utilizados dados de rendimento de grãos dos anos agrícolas de 1974/75 a 2016/17, e relacionados com as ocorrências de eventos ENOS. Foram analisados os dados de rendimento observados na colheita e os dados estimados com a remoção da tendência tecnológica. Os resultados mostraram que não houve diferença significativa do rendimento médio de grãos de soja e de milho na comparação entre os eventos ENOS. Palavras-chave: El Niño, La Niña, safras agrícolas. Abstract – The objective of this work was to evaluate the relationship between the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon with the grain yield of soybean and maize in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil and to verify the hypothesis that the El Niño events are favorable and the La Niña events are harmful to the culture’s grain yields. Were used data from the agricultural years of 1974/75 to 2016/17, and related to the occurrence of ENOS events. We analyzed income data observed at harvest and estimated data with technological tendency was removed. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the average yield of soybeans and corn in the comparison between events.

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Clinical, pathological and epidemiological aspects of outbreaks of bluetongue disease in sheep in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-736x2017001200014 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 37 (12) ◽

pp. 1443-1452

Author(s):

Ronaldo M. Bianchi ◽

Welden Panziera ◽

Tatiane C. Faccin ◽

Gisane L. de Almeida ◽

Juliana F. Cargnelutti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Region ◽

Striated Muscle ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Nasal Discharge ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Sample Collection ◽

Area At Risk ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Facial Swelling

ABSTRACT: This article describes the clinical, pathological and epidemiological aspects of 17 outbreaks of bluetongue (BT) disease in sheep occurring between December 2014 and July 2015 in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul state (RS), southern Brazil. Affected farms were visited for clinical examination, necropsy, sample collection and epidemiological investigation. The outbreaks were seasonal and occurred during the summer and autumn. A total of 180 sheep (20.4%) out of 884 in 17 small herds were affected. All ages of Texel and mixed breed sheep were affected. However, lambs (younger than one year) had higher morbidity than adult sheep. The most frequent clinical signs were anorexia, lethargy, loss of body condition, facial swelling mainly involving the lips, and greenish seromucous or mucous nasal discharge. Pulmonary lesions characterized by edema were the most prevalent findings; however, erosive and ulcerative lesions in the upper gastrointestinal tract, as well as cardiac, skeletal muscle and esophageal striated muscle necrosis, and hemorrhage in the pulmonary artery were also frequent. The bluetongue virus (BTV) genome was detected by RT-PCR in blood and tissue samples (spleen and lungs) of 21 animals from 17 outbreaks. The virus involved in the outbreak 3 was subsequently isolated and shown to belong to serotype 17, for the first time reported in Brazil. In summary, our data support the BTV genotype 17 as the etiological agent of the outbreaks and indicate that the central region of RS is an area at risk for BT in sheep, a disease previously not recognized in the region.

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Diversity and spatial distribution of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in the Ijuí river drainage basin, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

EntomoBrasilis ◽

10.12741/ebrasilis.v12i2.845 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 47-56

Author(s):

Tieli Cláudia Menzel ◽

Sirlei Maria Hentges ◽

David Augusto Reynalte Tataje ◽

Milton Norberto Strieder

Keyword(s):

River Basin ◽

Indicator Species ◽

Drainage Basin ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

Principal Component ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Anthropogenic Pressure ◽

Black Flies ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract. In southern Brazil there are several problems regarding the hematophageal activity of black flies, and the information on the distribution of species are still insufficient. In this study, our main goals were to recognize Simuliidae species and to analyze abiotic factors regarding the distribution of immature stages (larva and pupa) in streams from the Ijuí River basin, Northwest of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. We sampled simulids specimens in 27 study sites, covering three regions (high, intermediate and low altitude). Concomitantly, we recorded abiotic factors in the studied sites, such as: temperature, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, atmospheric pressure, pH, altitude and stream width. For data analysis, we performed Kruskal-Wallis, ANOVA, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Analysis of Indicator Species and Canonical Correspondence (CCA). A total of 10 species of black Flies was recorded. Simulium pertinax Kollar, Simulium incrustatum Lutz and Simulium orbitale Lutz were the most frequent. There was no significant difference in richness and density of the species between the different regions studied, except for Simulium jujuyense Paterson & Shannon. The sampled environments were segregated according to the location within the basin, and only S. jujuyense was considered an indicator species of the upper region. These results can be explained by the homogeneous conditions of the Ijuí River basin, which have suffered anthropogenic pressure mainly due to agricultural activities, resulting in losses in local aquatic biodiversity. Also, it may indicate that the control must be conducted considering the basin as a whole, and not only as isolated stretches of the streams.Diversidade e distribuição espacial de borrachudos (Diptera: Simuliidae) na bacia hidrográfica do rio Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul, BrasilResumo. No sul do Brasil existem problemas com atividade hematofágica de borrachudos e as informações referentes à distribuição das espécies ainda são insuficientes. O presente estudo visa reconhecer as espécies de Simuliidae e analisar fatores abióticos quanto a distribuição dos estágios imaturos (larva e pupa) em riachos da Bacia do Rio Ijuí, no Noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Foram coletados simulídeos em 27 pontos de estudo, cobrindo três regiões da bacia (alta, intermediária e baixa altitude). Concomitantemente, foi feito o registro de fatores abióticos nos trechos estudados, tais como: temperatura, condutividade elétrica, oxigênio dissolvido, pressão atmosférica, pH, altitude e largura do riacho. Foram realizadas análises de Kruskal-Wallis ou ANOVA, Análise de Componentes Principais (PCA), Análise de Espécie Indicadora e de Correspondência Canônica (CCA). Foi registrado um total de 10 espécies de Simuliidae. Simulium pertinax Kollar, Simulium incrustatum Lutz e Simulium orbitale Lutz foram as mais frequentes. Não ocorreu diferença na riqueza e na densidade das espécies entre as diferentes regiões estudadas, exceto para Simulium jujuyense Paterson & Shannon. Os ambientes nos pontos de amostragem foram segregados de acordo com a sua localização na bacia, e apenas S. jujuyense foi considerada uma espécie indicadora da região alta. Tais resultados podem ser explicados pelas condições homogêneas da Bacia do Rio Ijuí, que vêm sofrendo pressão antropogênica principalmente devido às atividades agrícolas, resultando em perdas na biodiversidade aquática local. Também, indicam que o controle deve ser realizado considerando a bacia como um todo e não apenas em trechos isolados dos riachos.

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Recognizing Different Lifeways and Subsistence Practices through Analysis of the Material Cultures of Mound Sites in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Latin American Antiquity ◽

10.1017/laq.2020.18 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 308-324

Author(s):

Anderson Marques Garcia

Keyword(s):

Central Region ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Hunter Gatherers ◽

Patos Lagoon ◽

Projectile Points ◽

Brazilian State ◽

Subsistence Practices ◽

Mound Sites

In the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul, the term cerrito was traditionally used to designate archaeological phenomena that emerge in the form of mounds in different landscapes. Except for recent research developed in the southwestern region of the Patos Lagoon, few advances have occurred since the 1980s in the study of cerritos in Brazil. This article presents an analysis of the lithic industries of sites with mounds in the southwestern region of the Patos Lagoon and in the central region in the current territory of Rio Grande do Sul. The results, along with other data from the sites, suggest that coastal sites were occupied by sedentary fisher-hunter-gatherers, who also possibly domesticated certain plants. Lithic material was scarce there and was mainly produced from pebbles and quartz cobbles using the anvil technique. In contrast, central region formations presented mounds on outcrops, using land, pebbles, and boulders; the area was occupied by a hunter-gatherer group that had projectile points and other instruments carved mainly by façonnage and débitage.

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Aegla manuinflata, a new species of freshwater anomuran (Decapoda: Anomura: Aeglidae) from Brazil, determined by morphological and molecular characters

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.2088.1.4 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2088 (1) ◽

pp. 31-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

SANDRO SANTOS ◽

GEORGINA BOND-BUCKUP ◽

MARCOS PÉREZ-LOSADA ◽

MARLISE LADVOCAT BARTHOLOMEI-SANTOS ◽

LUDWIG BUCKUP

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Central Region ◽

Mitochondrial Gene ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Sister Group ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

High Degree ◽

Uruguay River ◽

A New Species ◽

Molecular Characters

A new species of freshwater anomuran, Aegla manuinflata n. sp. (Decapoda: Anomura: Aeglidae), is described from the Ibicuí River basin, a tributary of the Uruguay River, from the central region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It can be distinguished from its congeners based on both morphological and molecular (mitochondrial gene — COII) evidence. Morphologically, the new species partly resembles A. inermis and A. uruguayana, but differs in having an inflated cheliped propodus and more elongated dactyls, besides other features. Our molecular results showed a high degree of genetic divergence between A. manuinflata and its sister group (composed of A. singularis, A. uruguayana, A. rossiana and A. platensis), an indication of species distinctness within the Aeglidae.

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Estudo sistemático da família Cichlidae na região central do Rio Grande do Sul. I Gêneros: Aequidens, Chichlaurus e Geophagus

Ciência e Natura ◽

10.5902/2179460x24920 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 65

Author(s):

Maria Lacy Cezimbra Weis ◽

Ilca Marion Knewitz Bossemeyer ◽

Horst Oscar Lippold

Keyword(s):

Central Region ◽

Rio Grande ◽

The State ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Geophagus Brasiliensis ◽

Aequidens Portalegrensis

Among the specimens of the Cichlidae family collected in the central region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil), the initial studies were done in genera represented by orbicular forms, which comprise: Aequidens, Cichlaurus and Geophagus. Of these genera, four species were found in different proportions: Aequidens portalegrensis, Cichlaurus facetus, Geophagus brasiliensis and Geophagus gymnogenys.

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Gestão escolar e produção da aula: o trabalho dos professores em pauta/ School Management and Class Ellaboration: Work of Teachers on the Agenda

Educação em Foco ◽

10.24934/eef.v18i26.605 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 18 (26) ◽

pp. 133-154

Author(s):

Liliana Soares Ferreira ◽

Gabriel dos Santos Kehler

Keyword(s):

Public Schools ◽

Central Region ◽

Rio Grande ◽

School Management ◽

Production Data ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Research Project ◽

Democratic Management ◽

Democratic School

Sistematiza-se projeto de pesquisa que analisou os sentidos atribuídos pelos professores às relações entre a gestão escolar e seu trabalho. A produção de dados aconteceu por meio de entrevistas, entre os anos de 2007 e 2008, em escolas públicas da região Central do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, envolvendo quarenta professores. Estudo de caráter dialético, apresenta três sequências argumentativas: concepções de gestão escolar democrática, seus sentidos e movimentos; a relação entre escola e gestão democrática a partir dos discursos dos professores entrevistados; a relação entre trabalho e gestão escolar democrática. Seguem-se as considerações finais aos argumentos apresentados. ABSTRACTSystematized research project carried out with the objective to analyze the meanings assigned by teachers to relations between the school management and his work. The production data was through interviews, between the years 2007 and 2008 in public schools in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul, involving forty teachers. Study dialectical character, is organized into three sequences argumentative: conceptions of democratic school management, their senses and movements, the relation between school and democratic management from the discourses of the teachers interviewed, the relation between labor and democratic school management. Here are the final considerations objectify systematizing the arguments.

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PRODUÇÃO FORRAGEIRA E EFICIÊNCIA DE UTILIZAÇÃO DA ÁGUA DO CAPIM SUDÃO SUBMETIDO A DIFERENTES LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO1

Irriga ◽

10.15809/irriga.2020v25n1p143-159 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 143-159

Author(s):

Wellington Mezzomo ◽

Marcia Xavier Peiter ◽

Adroaldo Dias Robaina ◽

Jardel Henrique Kirchner ◽

Rogerio Ricalde Torres ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reference Evapotranspiration ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Maximum Efficiency ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Sudan Grass ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Sorghum Sudanense ◽

Santa Maria ◽

Water Depths

PRODUÇÃO FORRAGEIRA E EFICIÊNCIA DE UTILIZAÇÃO DA ÁGUA DO CAPIM SUDÃO SUBMETIDO A DIFERENTES LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO1 WELLINGTON MEZZOMO2; MARCIA XAVIER PEITER3; ADROALDO DIAS ROBAINA4; JARDEL HENRIQUE KIRCHNER5; ROGÉRIO RICALDE TORRES6 e BRUNA DALCIN PIMENTA7 1 Trabalho retirado da tese intitulada: “Viabilidade técnica e econômica da produção de forragem do capim sudão irrigado por aspersão convencional”, do autor Wellington Mezzomo2 2 Eng. Agrônomo, Mestre, Doutorando no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, UFSM, Avenida Roraima, nº 1000, bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil, CEP: 97195-000, [email protected]. 3 Eng. Agrônoma, Doutora, Professora Associada do Departamento de Engenharia Rural, UFSM, Avenida Roraima, nº 1000, bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil, CEP: 97195-000, [email protected]. 4 Eng. Agrônomo, Doutor, Professor Titular do Departamento de Engenharia Rural, UFSM, Avenida Roraima, nº 1000, bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil, CEP: 97195-000, [email protected]. 5 Eng. Agrônomo, Doutor, Professor do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Nelsi Ribas Fritsch, nº 1111, bairro Esperança, Ibirubá, RS, Brasil, CEP: 98200-000, [email protected] 6 Eng. Agrônomo, Doutor, Professor do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Eng. João Viterbo de Oliveira, nº 3061, Zona Rural, Vacaria, RS, Brasil, CEP: 95219-899, [email protected]. 7 Eng. Agrônoma, Mestre, Professora do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Nelsi Ribas Fritsch, nº 1111, bairro Esperança, Ibirubá, RS, Brasil, CEP: 98200-000, [email protected]. 1 RESUMO As pastagens cultivadas são a forma mais prática e viável economicamente para alimentação bovina, entretanto, na região sul do Brasil no período de primavera-verão a qualidade e a disponibilidade forrageira decaem em razão da irregularidade pluvial, fazendo-se necessária a utilização da irrigação. O capim Sudão (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf), cultivar BRS Estribo vem se destacando em relação as demais gramíneas de verão, porém o suprimento hídrico ótimo ainda é desconhecido, pois as pesquisas divergem sobre os resultados. O objetivo, foi avaliar a produtividade do capim Sudão sob diferentes lâminas e determinar a eficiência na utilização da água em dois anos de cultivo (2015/2016 e 2016/2017). Os experimentos foram conduzidos na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, baixo o delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso com cinco lâminas de água, 25, 50, 75, 100 e 125% da evapotranspiração de referência (ETo) e tratamento testemunha sem irrigação, todos com quatro repetições. Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa para os distintos tratamentos, sendo determinado a máxima eficiência técnica para produção de massa seca e eficiência de utilização da água, no Ano 1 as lâminas de água foram 103,1% e 73,6% da ETo respectivamente e no Ano 2 foram as lâminas com 120,8% e 95,6% da ETo. Keywords: evapotranspiração de referência, massa seca, BRS Estribo. MEZZOMO, W.; PEITER, M. X.; ROBAINA, A. D.; KIRCHNER, J. H.; TORRES, R. R.; PIMENTA, B. D. FORAGE PRODUCTION AND EFFICIENCY IN THE UTILIZATION OF WATER IN SUDAN GRASS SUBMITTED TO DIFFERENT IRRIGATION DEPTHS 2 ABSTRACT Cultivated pastures are the most practical and economically viable way to feed cattle, however, in southern Brazil, during spring-summer, forage quality and availability decline due to rainfall irregularity, irrigation is required. Sudan grass (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf), cultivar BRS Estribo has been outstanding in relation to the other summer grasses, however the optimal water supply is still unknown, as research diverges about the results. The objective was to evaluate the yield of Sudan grass under different depths and to determine the efficiency in the utilization of water, in two years of cultivation (2015/2016 and 2016/2017). The experiments were conducted at the Federal University of Santa Maria, under a randomized block design with five water depths, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125% of reference evapotranspiration and control treatment without irrigation, all with four repetitions. There was a statistically significant difference for the different treatments, being determined the maximum efficiency technique for dry mass production and efficiency in the utilization of water, in Year 1 the water depths were 103.1% and 73.6% of ETo respectively, and in Year 2 depths were 120.8% and 95.6% of ETo. Keywords: reference evapotranspiration, dry mass, BRS Estribo.

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Cacti of Santa Maria – RS, Brazil

Ciência e Natura ◽

10.5902/2179460x39827 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. e23

Author(s):

Igor Wassiljew Moia ◽

Guilherme Moreira da Silva ◽

Liliana Essi

Keyword(s):

Endangered Species ◽

Central Region ◽

Threatened Species ◽

Conservation Status ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Complete List ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Species List ◽

Floristic Survey ◽

Santa Maria

A floristic survey of the Cactaceae family was carried out in the municipality of Santa Maria, Brazil, which is localized in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul state. The study was conducted between August 2017 and November 2018, during which time 14 species were recorded. Five species are on the endangered species list of Rio Grande do Sul. The threatened species are Echinopsis oxygona (Link) Zucc. Ex. Pfeiff. Otto, Parodia horstii (F. Ritter) N.P. Taylor, Parodia glaucina (F. Ritter), Hofacker M. Machado, Parodia linkii (Lehm.), R. Kiesling, and Parodia ottonis (Lehm.) N. P. Taylor. This paper presents a complete list of the species with reference to conservation status.

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