Behavior of Cellulose Biosynthetic Membrane as a Peritendinous Implant in Foals

Background: Tendon injuries are common in horses and are commonly associated with lameness and athletic career disruption. Adhesions formed between the tendons and the surrounding tissues compromise the sliding and movement of the structures, compromising their functionality. Therefore, the control of adhesion formation is critical to restore the structural integrity of the tendon, as well as its biomechanical function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavior of the biosynthetic cellulose membrane implanted in foals with surgically induced tendinitis of the superficial digital flexor.Materials, Methods & Results: Six healthy foals were used, which underwent tendinitis induction in the superficial digital flexor of the right and left forelimbs. The lesions was induced by local ischemia by crushing the tendon with hemostatic forceps. The biosynthetic cellulose membranewas implanted only in the right forelimb, involving the superficial digital flexor tendon in the region of the ischemia and the left forelimb was used as control. After surgery, both forelimb were immobilized with synthetic plaster cast for 15 days. Ultrasonography was performed in six foals immediately before (M0), at 15° (M1) at and 30° (M2) day, and three were evaluate at 45° (M3) and 60° (M4) day after surgery. Incisional biopsies were performed in three animals on the 30° day and in three animals on the 60° day after surgery. Histopathological examination involved the analysis of tissue disorganization, presence and type of inflammatory infiltrate and neovascularization, according to the score of 0 to 3. Ultrasonography allowed visualization of the membrane, which was characterized as a continuous hyperechoic line at the edges of the tendon at 15 days (M1). In addition, at 30 and 45 days after surgery, interruption of the hyperechoic line and reduction of echogenicity were observed, and no echogenic lines were observed at 60 days after surgery. During the biopsies, the fragments obtained from the treated limb were presented with easily detachable layers and separate layers of tissue during histological cutting and the slides preparations. There was no significant difference in relation to the histopathological scores between the treated and control member. The inflammatory infiltrate was predominantly of mononuclear cells and fibroblasts, with identification of giant cell in a foal at 30 days. Neovascularization was observed in all limbs, treated and controls at 30 days and in two treated limbs and three control at 60 days. It was possible to identify the synthetic cellulose membrane by histopathology in only two limbs treated at 30 days and in no limb at 60 days.Discussion: The degree of tendonitis induced in the present study was considered mild according to ultrasonographic analysis at 15 days after surgery. This fact limited the evaluation of the biosynthetic cellulose membrane in the prevention of adhesions, since they were not observed in both groups. However, the ability of the membrane to minimize adhesion formation can be suggest by the macroscopically observed individualization of the tissue layers during histological sections and slides preparation. Ultrasonographic analysis allowed the visualization of the membrane, as well as its positioning and the absorption process. Therefore, ultrasonography can be used in post-implantation monitoring of the membrane. The comparison of the histopathological scores demonstrates the biocompatibility of the biosynthetic cellulose membrane when implanted in foals submitted to surgically induced tendinitis, since there was no difference when compared to treated and control limbs. Therefore, it can be used safely in the treatment of tendon injuries in horses.

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The Effect of Reflexology on Lactation in Women Who Had Cesarean Section: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study

Complementary Medicine Research ◽

10.1159/000513924 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Sevde Aksu ◽

Pelin Palas Karaca

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Cesarean Section ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Breast Pain ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Right ◽

Documentation Tool ◽

And Control

Aim: The research was conducted as a randomized controlled pilot study to evaluate the effects of reflexology on lactation in mothers who delivered by cesarean section (CS). Methods: A single-blind randomized controlled experimental study was conducted with a total of 60 postpartum women in the reflexology application (n = 30) and control groups (n = 30). After the CS, the mothers in the control group were given approximately 3-h routine nursing care after recovering from the effects of anesthesia; the introductory information form was applied, and the Breastfeeding Charting System and Documentation Tool (LATCH) and visual analog scale (VAS) for the signs of the onset of lactation were implemented on the first and second days. Reflexology was applied to the women in the intervention group after an average of 3 h following the mother’s condition had become stable and she had recovered from the effects of anesthesia. Reflexology was applied a total of 20 min – 10 min for the right foot, 10 min for the left foot – twice a day with 8-h intervals on the first and second days after CS. After the last reflexology application, the LATCH and VAS for the signs of the onset of lactation were applied. Results: Of the women, 70% breastfed their babies within 60 min after delivery; 46.7% of the mothers received breastfeeding training and 81.7% needed support for breastfeeding after the CS. The LATCH breastfeeding scores of the women in the intervention group on both days were significantly higher compared to those of the women in the control group (p < 0.001). On the first day after the CS, apart from breast pain, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of breast heat and breast tension (p > 0.05). On the second day after the CS, apart from breast tension, there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of breast heat and breast pain (p < 0.05). In the study, women in the intervention group were found to have higher scores in terms of all three symptoms compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: In the study, it was determined that LATCH scores and signs of the onset of breastfeeding increased in the mothers who received reflexology after CS.

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ROLE OF THE HYALURONAN-PRODUCING TENOSYNOVIUM IN PREVENTING ADHESION FORMATION DURING HEALING OF FLEXOR TENDON INJURIES

Hand Surgery ◽

10.1142/s0218810412500025 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 17 (01) ◽

pp. 13-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Masaharu Yagi ◽

Yasuhiro Mitsui ◽

Masafumi Gotoh ◽

Naoto Sato ◽

Kenji Yoshida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flexor Tendon ◽

Adhesion Formation ◽

Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽

Tendon Injuries ◽

White Leghorn ◽

Group I ◽

Flexor Tendon Injuries ◽

The Right ◽

Hematoxylin Eosin

Flexor tendons of white Leghorn chickens (n = 25) were used for this study. One chicken was used as a normal control (no surgery), and the remaining 24 were used for experiments. After partial tendon-severing in both legs of 24 chickens, the right and the left leg were treated differently, thereby creating two groups: Group I, in which the tenosynovium was preserved, and Group II, in which the tenosynovium was removed. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed to observe adhesions; immunohistochemical analysis was used to localize HA. HA production was noted in granulation tissue invading between the tendon stumps in both groups; however, HA expression in the tenosynovium was observed only in Group I where adhesion formation was minimal. The HA-producing tenosynovium plays a crucial role in preventing adhesion formation in this model of flexor tendon injuries.

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Foot Strengthening Exercise on Postural Balance and Functional Ability of Foot on Children 6-10 Years Old with Flexible Flatfoot

Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan ◽

10.36590/jika.v2i3.69 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 99-107

Author(s):

Zahra Sativani ◽

Riza Pahlawi

Keyword(s):

Functional Ability ◽

Postural Balance ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Strengthening Exercise ◽

Flexible Flatfoot ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Post Test ◽

The Right ◽

And Control

The activities of children more involve the foot. One of the common problems in the foot is flexible flatfoot. A disturbance in the process of the formation of the arch foot could result in a deformation of the foot and increases the risk of an injury due to postural balance change. Normally, the arch of the foot formed the first five years for the age range of 2-6 years. The right choices of the intrinsic muscle exercises of the foot can prevent deformation and improve postural balance. This study aimed to discuss the effectiveness of foot strengthening exercise to improving postural balance and functional ability of foot on a flexible flatfoot 6-10 years old. This study was pre-experimental research with two groups of pre-post test design. The subjects of this research were 30 students that had been divided into two groups, case, and control. Each group consists of 15 students selected used purposive sampling method based on the criteria of inclusion that had been set. There was a significant difference after foot strengthening exercise between the case and control group, p-value = 0,000. The foot strengthening exercise could improve the postural balance and functional ability of the foot on a flexible flatfoot 6-10 years old.

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Stimulation of the dorsolateral-prefrontal cortex improves working memory and planning

Cognition Brain Behavior An Interdisciplinary Journal ◽

10.24193/cbb.2021.25.01 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 1-17

Author(s):

Puladi Farzaneh ◽

Bagheri Masood ◽

Ghasem Askarizadeh ◽

Afsaneh Moradi

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Response Time ◽

Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Control Group ◽

Response Accuracy ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽

The Right ◽

And Control

The present study aimed to investigate whether working memory (WM) and planning performances can be enhanced using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). A total of 30 healthy individuals were randomly assigned to two groups: active (A)-tDCS and control (S)-tDCS. Anodal stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) (F3) and cathodal stimulation over the right orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) (FP2) were further implemented at 2 mA in the A-tDCS group, while there was no intervention in the control group. The tools used were software versions of the three-level n-back task and Tower of London (TOL) task, and for each task we measured participants’ response accuracy and response time. The results showed a significant difference between the groups in both cognitive functions, suggesting that tDCS can improve response accuracy in memory and problem-solving ability, but it is less effective in terms of improving response time on planning. Overall, findings suggest that tDCS can enhance WM and planning performances.

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The Role of Human-Derived Fibrin Sealant in the Reduction of Postoperative Flexor Tendon Adhesion Formation in Rabbits

Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) ◽

10.1054/jhsb.2002.0752 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 278-282 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

M. E. JONES ◽

S. BURNETT ◽

A. SOUTHGATE ◽

P. SIBBONS ◽

A. O. GROBBELAAR ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fibrin Sealant ◽

Flexor Tendon ◽

Adhesion Formation ◽

Active Movement ◽

Post Injury ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Tendon Surgery ◽

Injury Treatment ◽

The Right

This study assessed the role of a novel fibrin sealant (Vivostat®) in adhesion reduction after flexor tendon surgery. The deep flexor tendons of the 2nd and 4th digits of the left paw of 20 rabbits were exposed and a standard partial injury was performed on each. The rabbits were randomized to either immediate post-injury treatment with Vivostat® or no treatment. In each case active movement of the 2nd digit was prevented while the 4th digit was allowed to move normally. The two groups were assessed at 14 days for adhesion formation with a tensiometer. The right paw acted as the unoperated control. Results showed that there was no significant difference in the force needed to remove the tendon from its sheath when comparing the two Vivostat®-treated groups to the unoperated controls. There was, however, a highly significant difference in this force between the non-Vivostat®-treated groups and the unoperated controls. This suggests a beneficial effect of Vivostat® in reducing post surgical tendon adhesion formation.

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Computed Chest Tomography in Rats with Pulmonary Damage Due to Microembolism

Acta Radiologica Diagnosis ◽

10.1177/028418518602700619 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 723-728 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

T. Wegener ◽

G. Wegenius ◽

A. Hemmingsson ◽

B. Jung ◽

T. Saldeen

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Early Stage ◽

Good Method ◽

Lung Weight ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Pulmonary Damage ◽

The Right ◽

Alveolar Oedema ◽

And Control ◽

Attenuation Values

Computed chest tomography was performed in 13 rats with pulmonary damage due to microembolism, caused by injection of thrombin (500 NIH/kg body weight) and tranexamic acid, a fibrinolytic inhibitor (200 mg/kg body weight), and in 9 control rats. The purpose of the investigation was to perform attenuation measurements at two levels of the right lung, each with three regions of interest (anterior, mid and posterior). Alterations in attenuation, compared with controls, were correlated with lung weight. Compared with controls, the attenuation was significantly increased in the anterior and posterior regions at both levels in animals with pulmonary damage, but not in the mid regions. There was a statistically significant correlation between increasing attenuation and increasing lung weight. A significant difference was found between damaged and control lungs regarding the microscopic grade of interstitial oedema, alveolar oedema and fibrin. Histograms of attenuation values in computed tomograms might be of value in detecting alveolar oedema. It is concluded that computed chest tomography is a good method for detecting pulmonary oedema at an early stage of experimental microembolism in the rat.

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Influence of minoxidil on ischemic cutaneous flaps in rats

Acta Cirurgica Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-86502005000600010 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 20 (6) ◽

pp. 450-454 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Rogério de Castro Bittencourt ◽

Maria de Lourdes Pessole Biondo-Simões ◽

Josué Brunginski de Paula ◽

Juliano Martynetz ◽

Anne Groth

Keyword(s):

Saline Solution ◽

Control Group ◽

Flap Necrosis ◽

Control Groups ◽

Orogastric Tube ◽

Epigastric Artery ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Right ◽

And Control ◽

Ischemic Flap

PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of minoxidil, a well known vasodilator, on ischemic flap necrosis prevention in rats. METHODS: Ventral cutaneous flaps, measuring 8x4cm, were designed in 20 Wistar rats based on the right cranial epigastric artery. In the experiment group, 50 mg/kg/day of minoxidil sulfate was administered by orogastric tube and the same amount of saline solution was administered to the control group. Such procedure was initiated 24h before surgery and kept once a day through the 7th postoperative day. Microcirculation was evaluated with laser fluxometry 24h before surgical procedure, at immediate postoperative and at the 7th postoperative day. Flap necrosis area was evaluated by 2 methods: planimetry and weight/paper ratio. RESULTS: A significant flow increase in distal and medial extremity at M1 (medial point 1) (p=0,0484) was observed in the experiment group. There was significant difference in flap necrosis prevention in the experiment group (p=0,0433), although after necrosis took place there was no significant difference in necrosis size. (p=0,1051 and p=0,2799). CONCLUSION: Minoxidil sulfate is effective in avoiding necrosis in ischemic flaps, but after necrosis is present there is no difference in survival area between experimental and control groups.

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HISTOPATHOLOGICAL AND BIOMECHANICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF MOMORDICA CHARANTIA ON FRACTURE HEALING, KIDNEY, AND LIVER: AN EXPERIMENTAL RAT MODEL

Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology ◽

10.1142/s0219519421500196 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (03) ◽

pp. 2150019

Author(s):

BURHAN OZTURK ◽

SERMET INAL ◽

T. CIHAN DULGEROGLU ◽

A. OKTAR UZUMCUGIL ◽

AYSENUR DEGER ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Histopathological Examination ◽

Momordica Charantia ◽

Control Group ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Oral Gavage ◽

Fracture Union ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Right

Momordica charantia (MC) is a plant belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae. MC has antidiabetic, antibacterial, antioxidant, antimutagenic, antiulcerative, antiinflammatory and antilipidemic effects. However, information on the effect of MC on fracture union is lacking. This study aimed to examine the effect of MC on fracture union histopathologically and biomechanically. A total of 42 male Wistar-Albino rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, 14 in each group. A diaphyseal fracture was created on the right tibia of all rats. All fractures were fixed with a Kirschner (K) wire. The rats in Group I did not undergo any further procedures (Control group). Group II rats were treated with 0.9% saline oral gavage at a dose of [Formula: see text]L/day for 28 days [Saline (S) group]. The rats in Group III were given 300[Formula: see text]mg/kg MC extract per day, dissolved in [Formula: see text]L 0.9% saline by oral gavage for 28 days [MC (Extract) group]. After 28 days, all rats were sacrificed. Each group was randomly divided into two subgroups. The histopathological examination was performed on the right tibia of rats in the first subgroup and the biomechanical examination in the second subgroup. The kidneys and livers of all rats were evaluated histopathologically. Fracture union was significantly better in the Extract group compared with the Control and S groups histopathologically. The fracture inflammation values were lower in the Extract group than in the other groups. No statistically significant difference was found between the groups in terms of possible side effects to kidneys and livers. In terms of biomechanics, fracture union was significantly better in the Extract group compared with the Control and S groups except yield displacement values. MC had a positive effect on fracture union histopathologically and biomechanically.

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Effects of ovulation induction on ovarian morphology: an animal study

International Journal of Gynecological Cancer ◽

10.1136/ijgc-00009577-200407000-00005 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 600-606 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ç. ÇELIK ◽

K. Gezginç ◽

M. Aktan ◽

A. Acar ◽

S. T. Yaman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Cyst ◽

Ovulation Induction ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Malignant Lesion ◽

Control Group ◽

Group 13 ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Nuclear Polymorphism ◽

And Control ◽

Chromatin Density

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate whether the ovulation induction has relation with postneoplastic lesions.Materials and methodsSeventy-eight female, 90-day-old rats were enrolled for the trial. They were divided into three groups. In the first group, 13 rats received one cycle of ovulation induction with Follitropin Beta and human chorionic gonadotropin. The second group of 13 rats received three cycles of ovulation induction, and the third study group consisted of 13 rats which received six cycles of ovulation induction. Each group had a control group consisting of same number of rats that had not received ovulation induction. At the 12th month after the ovulation induction protocols ended, rat ovaries were extirpated for histopathological examination. In histopathological examination, malignant lesions, ovarian cyst and cyst diameter, epithelial stratification, epithelial tufting, mitotic index, polymorphism of epithelial cells and nucleus, epithelial cell nuclear diameter, chromatin density nuclear atypia, and mitotic activity in ovarian cyst epithelium were evaluated.ResultsNo malignant ovarian lesion was found in the three groups. Ovarian cyst development was most frequent in the rats that underwent six cycles of ovulation induction. Epithelial stratification and tufting were most frequent in the rats which underwent ovulation induction six times. Significant difference was found between induction and control groups in second and third groups for cellular and nuclear polymorphism, presence of nucleolus, and nuclear chromatin density.ConclusionsAlthough development of malignant lesion were not found in any of the rat ovaries after ovulation induction, increase in the prevalence of epithelial dysplasia especially with increase in the number of induction cycles shows that some ovarian pathologies can occur subsequent to ovulation induction.

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The Effect of an Expandable Polyvinyl Acetate (Merocel) Pack on the Healing of the Nasal Mucosa of Sheep

American Journal of Rhinology ◽

10.1177/194589240501900608 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 577-581 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

David McIntosh ◽

Allison Cowin ◽

Damian Adams ◽

Peter-John Wormald

Keyword(s):

Nasal Mucosa ◽

Postoperative Period ◽

Polyvinyl Acetate ◽

Healing Process ◽

Adhesion Formation ◽

Sinus Surgery ◽

Time Points ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Suitable Animal Model ◽

And Control

Background There is a lack of knowledge about the healing of the nasal respiratory mucosa after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Nasal packs often are placed after ESS in an attempt to improve hemostasis and reduce adhesion formation. Most nasal packs need to be removed in the postoperative period. This is uncomfortable for the patient and the affect of these packs on the healing process is unknown. Methods We have standardized the sheep as a suitable animal model to examine the healing of the nasal epithelium after ESS. The nasal mucosa of sheep was wounded under endoscopic guidance and either packed with expandable polyvinyl acetate–based pack (Merocel), which was removed at the 5th postoperative day, or left unpacked to serve as control. Serial biopsies of the wounded area were taken every 28 days, up to 112 days postwounding, for examination using light and scanning electron microscopy. Results There was no significant difference in the rate of reepithelialization between the packed and control sides of the sheep (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the total amount of surface cilia coverage between the packed and control sides at any time points (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the maturity of the cilia between the packed and control sides at any time points (p > 0.05). Conclusion The use of Merocel packing postoperatively neither impairs nor promotes wound healing in the postoperative period.

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