scholarly journals Evaluación del contenido de metabolitos secundarios en dos especies de plantas forrajeras encontradas en dos pisos térmicos de Colombia

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Luz Elena Santacoloma-Varón ◽  
Jairo Enrique Granados
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Tithonia Diversifolia ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Hydrolyzable Tannins ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Different Altitudes

<p><strong>Resumen</strong>.- Recolectamos muestras de dos especies forrajeras: Gliricidia sepium, y Tithonia diversifolia en dos localidades en diferentes pisos térmicos (Tuluá 960 msnm y Codazzi 131 msnm) y evaluamos el contenido de los taninos condensados y polifenoles totales, tomando muestras de hojas de tres zonas fotosintéticas de la planta. Aplicamos técnicas analíticas e instrumentales de la AOAC internacional para determinar la presencia de fitometabolitos secundarios. Encontramos que en T. diversifolia y en G. sepium no existen diferencias significativas en el contenido de polifenoles totales (PFT) y taninos condensados (TC) entre las dos zonas de la plantas, pero sí existe diferencia significativa entre las muestras provenientes de diferentes pisos térmicos.</p><p><strong>Abstract.</strong>- We evaluated Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia from two different altitudes (Tuluá 960 masl and Codazzi 131 masl). We assess the content of hydrolyzable tannins and total polyphenols in three different parts of the plant, in order to identify the potential effect of altitude over secondary biomolecules concentration. We applied analytical and instrumental protocols of AOAC international to determine the presence of secondary metabolites. Two way ANOVA shows<br />no-significant differences in the content of total polyphenols and condensed tannins in the different parts of the plant in neither T. diversifolia or G. sepium. We found significant differences in the content of total polyphenols within the altitude, but not for the part of the plant in which the sample was collected.</p>

scholarly journals Comparación de la técnica de digestibilidad in vitro con la in situ de diez forrajes en bovinos rumino-fistulados en el piedemonte llanero del Meta

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 2-24
Author(s):  
Cesar Augusto Navarro Ortiz ◽  
Jhon Camilo Díaz ◽  
María Ligia Roa Vega ◽  
Enid Cuellar Leuro
Keyword(s):  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Tithonia Diversifolia ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Delonix Regia ◽  
Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis ◽  
Bauhinia Variegata ◽  
Para Determinar

El consumo y la digestibilidad son temas de gran interés para los nutricionistas, puesto que en la producción animal se requiere de alimentos con alta aceptación y excelente aprovechamiento, con bajas pérdidas de nutriente por excretas. Atendiendo a lo anterior, esta investigación se realizó en UNILLANOS Villavicencio, consideró como objetivo principal evaluar dos técnicas de digestibilidad (in situ en rumen e in vitro) de 6 leguminosas, 2 gramíneas y 2 arbustivas no leguminosas a las que se les determinó la digestibilidad de la materia seca (MS), fibra detergente neutro (FDN) y nitrógeno total (NT). Se escogieron las leguminosas: Bauhinia variegata, Piptadenia (Anadenanthera) peregrina, Cratylia argentea, Brownea ariza, Gliricidia sepium y Delonix regia; las gramíneas Brachiaria decumbens y Pennisetum purpureum; y las arbustivas no leguminosas Tithonia diversifolia e Hibiscus rosa-sinensis. Las muestras fueron recolectadas de las parcelas de forrajes de la Universidad, a una edad de rebrote de 60 días. A los forrajes secos se les realizó un análisis nutricional preliminar, en el cual se determinó MS, NT y FDN. En las pruebas in situ en rumen se utilizó la técnica con bolsas de nylon, en cada una se incubaron 8 gr de materia seca de cada forraje por tres repeticiones en cada hora (6, 12, 24, 48 y 72), en dos novillas criollas cruzadas de 380 kg, fistuladas a nivel del rumen, las cuales estaban en pastoreo continuo con B. decumbens, sal mineralizada y agua a voluntad. Las pruebas in vitro fueron realizadas en el Laboratorio de Nutrición Animal, para ello se incubó 1 gr de muestra con líquido ruminal durante 72 horas a 38°C, y en el residuo obtenido se determinó la MS, FDN y NT. Con la información obtenida se estableció la curva y tasa de degradación de la MS, FDN y NT a las 6, 12, 24, 48 y 72 horas, de cada uno de los 10 forrajes. En las pruebas in situ se realizaron mediciones de pH y nitrógeno amoniacal (N-NH3) a las 0, 6 y 12 horas en el líquido ruminal. El diseño estadístico fue un análisis de varianza para determinar los rangos de desviación entre las dos técnicas. Las variables evaluadas fueron los promedios in situ e in vitro de la degradación ruminal (6, 12, 24, 48 y 72) de la MS, FDN y NT de los 10 forrajes. Los datos se analizaron aplicando la prueba T-Student para comparación entre medias. La diferencia estadística (p<0.05) de los promedios in situ e in vitro de digestibilidad de la MS, fue del 100% en B. variegata, C. argentea, B. ariza, H. rosa-sinensis y G. sepium; 60% en B. decumbens, P. purpureum, T. diversifolia y Piptadenia peregrina; y en D. regia fue del 80%. En la FDN fue del 100% en B. decumbens, T. diversifolia, C. argéntea, Piptadenia peregrina, B. ariza, H. rosa-sinensis y G. sepium; 80% en P. purpureum y B. variegata; y en D. regia fue del 60%. En el NT fue del 100% en C. argéntea, B. ariza y G. sepium; 80% en B. decumbens, P. purpureum, B. variegata, Piptadenia peregrina y D. regia; y en T. diversifolia e H. rosa-sinensis fue del 60%. Además, se encontró en el 63,333% de los casos una mejor tasa de degradación mediante la técnica de digestibilidad in situ. En conclusión, existen diferencias entre las técnicas de digestibilidad in situ e in vitro para estimar la digestibilidad de la MS, FDN y NT en los forrajes estudiados.

scholarly journals Interrelación entre el contenido de metabolitos secundarios de las especies Gliricidia sepium y Tithonia diversifolia y algunas propiedades físicoquímicas del suelo

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luz Elena Santacoloma Varón ◽  
Jairo Enrique Granados
Keyword(s):  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Tithonia Diversifolia ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
Valle Del Cauca

Se recolectaron muestras de dos plantas forrajeras (hoja peciolo) de las especies Gliricidia sepium y Tithonia diversifolia, en diferentes condiciones edáficas (departamentos del Valle del Cauca y Cesar), y se evaluó su contenido de polifenoles totales, taninos totales, taninos condensados y saponinas. El propósito fue detectar el efecto de las condiciones de conductividad eléctrica sobre la concentración de estas fitobiomoléculas secundarias metabolizadas por la célula vegetal. Se aplicaron técnicas analíticas e instrumentales de la AOAC (2005) para determinar la presencia de dichos fitometabolitos secundarios. Los resultados obtenidos para cada variable se sometieron a un análisis de varianza en doble vía, con el fin de determinar diferencias estadísticas entre zonas muestreadas y especies<br />evaluadas. Adicionalmente, se realizó un análisis de correlación<br />múltiple, utilizando el coeficiente de Pearson, con el propósito de detectar las posibles correlaciones entre conductividad eléctrica, y el contenido de los metabolitos secundarios cuantificados en las especies muestreadas. Se concluyó que el contenido de polifenoles totales, taninos totales, taninos condensados y saponinas no presentó diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las tres zonas muestreadas, y se presentó una alta correlación entre el valor de la conductividad eléctrica del suelo y el contenido de metabolitos secundarios.

Flavonoids in seeds and grains: physiological function, agronomic importance and the genetics of biosynthesis

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda Winkel Shirley
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Physiological Function ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Plant Seeds ◽  
Reproductive Structures

AbstractFlavonoids are secondary metabolites that are present at high levels in most plant seeds and grains. These compounds appear to play vital roles in defence against pathogens and predators and contribute to physiological functions such as seed maturation and dormancy. At the same time, particular subclasses of flavonoids, such as the proanthocyanidins (condensed tannins), negatively impact the use of seeds and grains in animal feed and can add undesirable qualities to food products for human consumption. This article presents an overview of investigations into the physiological and agronomic aspects of seed and grain flavonoids as well as a review of molecular genetic studies, particularly in maize,Arabidopsisand soybean, where mutants deficient in flavonoid biosynthesis provide useful tools for stydying the metabolic machinery underlying the accumulation of these compounds in reproductive structures.

Histological and chemical changes in tannic compounds of evergreen oak leaf litter

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 663-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Racon ◽  
N. Sadaka ◽  
G. Gil ◽  
J. Le Petit ◽  
R. Matheron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Lower Epidermis ◽  
Hydrolyzable Tannins ◽  
Enzymatic Action ◽  
Evergreen Oak ◽  
Oak Leaves

In evergreen oak leaves collected at a western Mediterranean site (Var, France), the amounts of both hydrolyzable and condensed tannins decrease through the depth of the leaf litter. The decrease in condensed tannins could be partly explained by the cellular degradation of the lower epidermis and the mesophyll of leaves, as observed in histological sections. However, the condensed tannins may also be degraded by microbial enzymes because their average molecular weight decreased by about 50%. In contrast, the decrease in hydrolyzable tannins seems to be initiated by microbial enzymatic action, which is then followed by the same degradation process described above.

Secondary Metabolites of Asclepias curassavica (Apocynaceae) and its Effects on Food Preference and Mortality of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2020 ◽  
pp. 583
Author(s):  
Renato Marcos De Leão ◽  
João Vitor Souza Cruz ◽  
Vânia Maria Ramos ◽  
Viviane Tavares De Almeida ◽  
Pedro Henrique Gorni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Food Preference ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Parallel Analysis ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Asclepias Curassavica ◽  
Preference Index ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Asclepias curassavica L. plant is toxic for vertebrates, and little is known about its effects on invertebrates, as well as whether its secondary metabolites have an influence on food preference and survival of insects. Thus, a study was conducted to verify the action of A. curassavica on Spodoptera frugiperda J.E.Smith. The plants were collected, dried and ground to compose a crude ethanolic extract. Food tests were carried out with and without opportunity of choice, using corn leaf discs immersed in the extract at concentrations of 1%, 2% and 4%, for assessment of food consumption (g) and preference index. Later, the extract was topically applied on second- and fifth-instar caterpillars, at concentrations of 1%, 2%, 4% and 6%, in order to observe its effect on survival. In parallel, analysis was conducted to verify the presence and measure the amount of total polyphenols and flavonoids in the extract. There was contact action between the extract and second-instar caterpillars at all concentrations, with treatment 6% causing 100% of mortality 72 hours after application. None of the treatments promoted contact action on fifth-instar caterpillars. In food tests with and without opportunity of choice, all treatments caused reductions in consumption, which classified all as phagodeterrent, with treatment 4% standing out as the least favorite. The presence of total polyphenols and flavonoids was found in the extract, presenting 58.75 ug/mL and 150.1 ug/mL, respectively. The A. curassavica extract proved promising in S. frugiperda control.

scholarly journals Extraction of Condensed Tannins from Mexican Plant Sources

2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 17-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramiro García ◽  
Antonio Aguilera ◽  
Juan C. Contreras-Esquivel ◽  
Raúl Rodríguez ◽  
Cristóbal N. Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Coffee Pulp ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Plant Sources

Contents of total polyphenols, condensed tannins and proanthocyanidins, and their stability to various pH values and temperatures were studied in Mexican blueberry, cuautecomate fruit, garambullo fruit, aubergine, coffee pulp and residues of black grapes. Several aqueous extracts, obtained through a one-pass-extraction process, were analyzed using liquid chromatography in order to quantify the condensed tannin (proanthocyanidin) content responsible for their antioxidant activity and colour. All tested samples included high proanthocyanidin contents demonstrating that these Mexican fruits and vegetables are good sources of natural antioxidants, and they all could be considered as excellent functional foods due to their bioactivity measured as the condensed tannin level.

scholarly journals Unani Perspective and New Researches of Sa’ad ku’fi (Cyperus rotundus): A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 378-381
Author(s):  
Hana Abbasi ◽  
Hifzul Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Nootropic Agent ◽  
Major Chemical ◽  
Important Medicinal Plant ◽  
Different Parts

Cyperus rotundus L. (cyperaceae) is an important medicinal plant which is used in traditional medicine particularly in Unani system of medicine. It is commonly known as motha which is a lawn grass and grows easily in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions. Major Chemical constituents enclosed with this herb are flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, furochromones, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, sitosterol, alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, essential oils, starch, carbohydrates, protein, separated amino acids and many other secondary metabolites. Different parts of cyperus rotundus have been reported to possess multiple pharmacological actions like antibacterial, anticancerous, anticonvulsant, antidiabetic, antidiarrheal, antigenotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antilipidemic, antimalarial, antimutagenic, antiobesity, antioxidant, anti-uropathogenic, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and nootropic agent. Keywords: Unani, sa’ad, flavonoids, sesquiterpenes, antibacterial, antilipidemic.

scholarly journals Investigation of Chemical Profiles of Different Parts of Morus alba Using a Combination of Molecular Networking Methods with Mass Spectral Data from Two Ionization Modes of LC/MS

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1711
Author(s):  
Seong Yeon Choi ◽  
Jinyoung Park ◽  
Juyeol Kim ◽  
Jiho Lee ◽  
Heejung Yang
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Spectral Data ◽  
Morus Alba ◽  
Single Plant ◽  
Mass Spectral Data ◽  
Molecular Networking ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Chemical Profiles ◽  
Different Parts

Plants produce numerous secondary metabolites with diverse physicochemical properties. Because different parts of a single plant produce various components, several spectroscopic methods are necessary to inspect their chemical profiles. Mass spectral data are recognized as one of the most useful tools for analyzing components with a wide range of polarities. However, interpreting mass spectral data generated from positive and negative ionization modes is a challenging task because of the diverse chemical profiles of secondary metabolites. Herein, we combine and analyze mass spectral data generated in two ionization modes to detect as many metabolites as possible using the molecular networking approach. We selected different parts of a single plant, Morus alba (Moraceae), which are used in the functional food and medicinal herb industries. The mass spectral data generated from two ionization modes were combined and analyzed using various molecular networking workflows. We confirmed that our approach could be applied to simultaneously analyze the different types of secondary metabolites with different physicochemical properties.

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