scholarly journals Impact of enforcement and corporate governance attributes on performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 50-60
Author(s):  
José Villanueva García ◽  
Maria Antonia García-Benau ◽  
Ana Zorio Grima
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Structural Equations ◽  
Company Performance ◽  
Consolidated Financial Statements ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Enforcement Action ◽  
Financial Scandals ◽  
The Impact

Since 2005, consolidated financial statements of European listed groups have been prepared according to IFRS. Nevertheless, the recent economic crisis on top of financial scandals has highlighted the role of oversight agencies and the importance of corporate governance. The purpose of this study is to look into the impact of corporate governance and the work of the Spanish Securities Exchange Commission (CNMV) on the performance of Spanish listed groups; as well as observing the links between enforcement actions and corporate governance. In a sample of 116 Spanish listed groups during the period 2005-2011 we have applied structural equations model (SEM) for hypothesis testing. The results obtained suggest there is a significant positive relationship between the corporate governance variables and company performance and a significant negative relationship between enforcement and performance. We also identify a significant positive relationship between enforcement action and corporate governance, which validates the theoretical model proposed.

scholarly journals Impact of democracy on literacy rate

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 204-211
Author(s):  
Md Arif Hosen ◽  
Sujan Chandra Paul ◽  
Md Harun Or Rosid
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the impact of democracy indices on the literacy rate. Panel Data of 134 Countries from 2007-2018 were collected from the website the World Bank and Gapminder. This study uses Ordinary Least Square (OLS), Pooled Ordinary Least Square (POLS), Driscoll-Kraay (DK), Second Stage Least Square (2SLS), Generalized Methods of Moments (GMM) methods. This research has found that political participation index and political culture index has a significant positive relationship with literacy rate in all the method. The functioning of the government index has a significant positive relationship and electoral process and the pluralism index has a significant negative relationship with literacy rate in all the methods except the GMM method. The civil liberties index has a significant negative relationship with literacy rate in POLS and in the other models, there is no significant relationship between the civil liberties index and literacy rate.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Impact of Corporate Governance on Firm Performance Using Board Index

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basil Okoth ◽  
Metin Coşkun
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Outside Directors ◽  
General Business ◽  
The Impact

In 2013, the CMA at the İstanbul Stock Exchange increased the weight assigned to the Board of Directors component of its Corporate Governance Index to 35% from the previous 25%. Interpreting this as a recognition of the increasing vital role of the board, this study seeks to enhance the work of Abdıoğlu and Kılıç (2015) by putting more focus on the role of women in the boards and the effect of the busy chairman as well as the presence of outside directors on the effectivity of the Board. (The general business structure is associated with family owned groups and holdings which results into a network of intertwined board membership and cases of multiple directorship where, one board chairman can hold the same position or any directorship in as many as ten firmshence the busy chairman). I employ a different method of evaluating performance (EVA) together with the accounting measures of ROE and ROA (as opposed to the overused Tobin’s Q), which I regress against the Board Index to be created. The focus is on firms on the BIST 100 index (excluding financial) between 2009 and 2013. The results reveal that the BINDEX has a significant and positive relationship with firm performance as measured by EVA. A second model reveals no relationship between the BINDEX and firm ROA, similar to the results of Kiliç and Abdioğlu (2015). ROA however has a positive relationship with the proportion of female directors in the board, as earlier reported by LückerathRovers (2013). Another model using ROE as the proxy for performance registers a significant negative relationship with the index. The contradiction obtained in the results from these three models underscore the importance choosing the right methods when estimating the performance of a firm.

scholarly journals Impact of MDCAT scores on pessimism, loneliness, and depressive symptoms: Moderating role of coping strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 354-364
Author(s):  
Iram Fatima ◽  
Masood Nadeem ◽  
Muhammad Waqar Naeem ◽  
Hafiz Muhammad Zeeshan Raza
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Psychological Disturbance ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Moderating Role

This study was designed to evaluate the impact of MDCAT scores on pessimism, loneliness, and depressive symptoms. Furthermore, to check the moderating effect of coping strategies. Purposive sample technique was used to get the relevant sample. MDCAT failures (N = 149) from different educational organization of Bahawalpur (Pakistan) were included in the research as sample. Demographic form, Siddiqui Shah Depression Scale, UCLA Loneliness Scale, Life Orientation Test and Coping Styles Scale were administered to assess the impact of MDCAT scores on pessimism, depressive and loneliness symptoms among MDCAT failures and to assess the moderating role of coping strategies. For statistical analysis PLS and SPSS software were used. PLS algorithm, PLS bootstrapping, PLS moderation analysis and independent sample t-test were used to get the results. Results reveal that there is a significant impact of MDCAT scores on pessimism, depressive and loneliness symptoms. Also, there is significant positive relationship among pessimism, depressive and loneliness symptoms. Problem focused coping significantly moderate the relationship between MDCAT scores and depressive symptoms. Furthermore, problem focused coping has significant negative relationship with pessimism, depressive and loneliness symptoms. Moreover, emotion focused coping has significant positive relationship with depressive symptoms. Female were found having more emotion focused coping. The findings of the study have practical implications in providing insight relevant for development of psychological disturbance in MDCAT failures.

scholarly journals The impact of board of directors’ characteristics on dividend policy: Evidence from a developing country

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-56
Author(s):  
Kasun Tharaka Dissanayake ◽  
Hareendra Dissabandara
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Dividend Policy ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Board Size ◽  
Dividend Payment ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Board Characteristics ◽  
Sectorial Analysis ◽  
Women On Boards ◽  
The Impact

The “dividend puzzle” has been an unresolved problem since the 1950s. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the nature and a level of the relationship between board characteristics dividend policy. The study used a positivistic approach and Spearman correlation metric, descriptive statistics, and binary regression models have been deployed as analytical tools. It is found that food and beverages sector had the highest percentage for dividend payout from 2015 to 2019. The highest percentage for women on boards was 13% in the land and property sector. The average board size for the selected companies was 8. The likelihood to pay dividends, women on boards, the board size, and CEO duality indicated a significant positive relationship. Panel regression results indicate that there is no significant relationship between board characteristics and the level of dividend payment for the selected sample. But in a sectorial analysis audit committee size has a significant negative relationship with the level of dividend payment in the manufacturing sector whereas board gender diversity has a significant positive relationship with the same in the food and beverage sector. In summary, dividend decision has been affected by several board characteristics, but such factors had no significant impact on the level of dividends declared in the market. The sectorial analysis revealed that several characteristics affected the level of dividends in two sectors

scholarly journals The Impact of Board Characteristics on Firm Performance: A Post-MCCG2012 investigation

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (SI1) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
David Ching Yat Ng ◽  
Teck Chai Lau ◽  
Fitriya Abdul Rahim ◽  
Shubatra Shanmugaretnam
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Company Performance ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Board Characteristics ◽  
Good Corporate Governance ◽  
International Publishing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Open Access Article

Good corporate governance is linked to the corporate performance of corporations. This study seeks to determine if corporate governance characteristics implemented improved company performance and to determine if a positive or negative relationship exists. Multiple Regression Analysis was applied to determine whether certain corporate governance characteristics relate to company performance in Malaysia. Company performance is measured using Return on Assets (ROA) and Total Shareholder Return (TSR). Data was collected from Bursa Malaysia from 2012 to 2015. In conclusion, there is no evidence of any significant relationship between corporate governance characteristics and company performance measures. Keywords: Corporate Governance, Board Characteristics, Total Shareholder Return, Return on Assets.    eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.   DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5iSI1.2293

scholarly journals Director Ownership, Governance, and Performance

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjai Bhagat ◽  
Brian Bolton
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Board Members ◽  
Company Performance ◽  
Sarbanes Oxley ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Director Ownership ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractWe study the impact of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act on the relationship between corporate governance and company performance. We consider 5 measures of corporate governance during the period 1998–2007. We find a significant negative relationship between board independence and operating performance during the pre-2002 period, but a positive and significant relationship during the post-2002 period. Our most important contribution is a proposal of a governance measure, namely, dollar ownership of the board members, that is simple, intuitive, less prone to measurement error, and not subject to the problem of weighting a multitude of governance provisions in constructing a governance index.

scholarly journals A Study of the Relationship between Corporate Governance and Non-business Real Estate

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-313
Author(s):  
Changu Jeon ◽  
Hyangmi Choi
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Firm Value ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Shareholder Wealth ◽  
Private Benefits ◽  
Controlling Shareholders ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Corporate non-business real estate can be used for the private benefits of controlling shareholders, but is also likely to enhance shareholder wealth. This study explores the impact of corporate governance to address this contradiction, particularly the ownership-control disparity on non-business real estate. We further examine the moderating effect of foreign blockholders on the relationship, then conduct additional analyses on the relationship between non-business real estate and firm value. The results are as follows. First, the disparity has a consistently positive relationship with non-business real estate, which implies that corporate non-business real estate can be utilized for expropriation for the benefit of controlling shareholders. Second, the relationship between the disparity and non-business real estate is mitigated by foreign blockholders. Third, we find that non-business real estate has a negative relationship with firm value. This result implicates the inefficiency of non-business real estate and the possibility of agency problem. Forth, investment in non-business real estate is likely to decrease firm value, compared with investment in core business. This study revisits and extends corporate governance research in terms of non-business real estate by identifying the presence of agency problems and monitoring effects of outside blockholders.

scholarly journals Nexus Unclassified Loans, Classified Loans, and Profitability

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 99-114
Author(s):  
Sujan Chandra Paul ◽  
Mohammad Rakibul Islam ◽  
Sharmin Akter Mitu
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Total Revenue ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Generalized Methods Of Moments ◽  
Special Mention ◽  
Methods Of Moments ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the impact of some variables such as total revenue, total assets, total liabilities, total deposits, total unclassified loans, total classified loans, standard loans, special mention account loans, sub-standard loans, doubtful loans, and bad and loss loans on profit before tax. Unbalanced Panel Data were collected from the website of 45Commercial Bank of Bangladesh from the year 2010 to 2018. Ordinary Least Square (OLS), Pooled Ordinary Least Square (POLS), Driscoll-Kraay (DK), Second Stage Least square (2SLS), Generalized Methods of Moments (GMM) methods are used in this study. This research found that total revenue had a significant positive relationship with profit before tax in all the models except DK and GMM models. Total unclassified loans had a significant positive relationship and total liabilities had a significant negative relationship with profit before tax in all the models. Special mention account loans had a significant positive relationship with profit before tax in OLS and DK models and total classified loans had a significant positive relationship with profit before tax in GMM model.

Organization-Based Self-Esteem Affects Employees' Exchange Relationship Perceptions and Extrarole Behavior

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Exchange Relationship ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

The 2 types of exchange relationship perceptions—social exchange relationship perceptions (SERPs) and economic exchange relationship perceptions (EERPs)—constitute the primary concept for understanding individual behavior in the workplace. Using a sample of 581 employees from Mainland China, I explored the effects of SERPs and EERPs on employee extrarole behavior (ERB), as well as the moderating effect of organization-based self-esteem (OBSE) on the relationships between SERPs and ERB, and between EERPs and ERB. The results revealed a significant positive relationship between SERPs and ERB, a significant negative relationship between EERPs and ERB, and a significant moderating effect for OBSE. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Employee Behaviors toward Using and Saving Energy at Work. The Impact of Personality Traits

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3404
Author(s):  
Dawid Szostek
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Organizational Citizenship Behaviors ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Citizenship Behaviors ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the article is to determine how personality traits (extraversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness, agreeableness and openness to experience) affect organizational citizenship behaviors for the environment (OCBE), especially in the context of energy saving. The purpose is also to verify the hypothesis that this impact is significantly moderated by individuals’ demographic characteristic (sex, age, length of service, work type and economic sector of employment). To achieve the purposes, a survey was conducted in 2020 on 454 working people from Poland. The analysis was based on structural equation modeling (SEM). The research model assumed that particular types of personality affect direct and indirect OCBEs, including energy-saving patterns. The model also included the aforementioned demographic characteristics of respondents. I proved that personality traits have a significant impact on direct and indirect organizational citizenship behaviors for the environment. In the case of direct OCBEs, the energy-saving items that were most significantly affected by employee personality were: I am a person who turns off my lights when leaving my office for any reason; I am a person who turns off the lights in a vacant room; I am a person who makes sure all of the lights are turned off if I am the last to leave. The strongest predicators were Neuroticism (negative relationship) and Agreeableness (positive relationship) for direct OCBE, but Extraversion (positive relationship) and Agreeableness (negative relationship) for indirect OCBE. The impact of an individual’s personality on OCBE was significantly moderated mainly for indirect behaviors. This applied to all the analyzed demographic variables, but it was stronger for women, employees aged up to 40 years, those with 10 years or more experience, office/clerical workers, and public sector employees. The article discusses the theoretical framework, research limitations, future research directions and practical implications.

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