Application status of the definition of polytrauma in clinical research-A review of the past decade

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Acute Care Surgery ◽  
Single Centre ◽  
Berlin Definition ◽  
The Past ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Care Surgery ◽  
Descriptive Definition

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the evolution and latest trends in the application of different polytrauma definitions in the past ten years of clinical research, by collecting published polytrauma study data. Method: We conducted Pubmed, Embase and Ovid searches of literature on polytrauma, published between January 2008 and December 2018. The title, author name, definition of polytrauma, publishing date, country, type of article, and the name and impact factor of journal were recorded and analysed. Results: Based on different definition of polytrauma, the selected articles were grouped into four categories: (1) definition of polytrauma based on ISS, (2) definition of polytrauma based on NISS, (3) definition of polytrauma based on AIS, (4) descriptive definition of polytrauma. The 321 selected articles were published in 56 journals, predominantly in European and American medical journals, led by Injury (n = 41), followed by Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery (n = 27) and European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery (n = 17). Germany had the largest number of publications, with 88 articles. All articles were clinical research. There were 88 multi-centre studies and 233 single-centre studies. Conclusions: The definition of polytrauma in clinical research was still mainly based on ISS. The appearance of the “New Berlin Definition” provides a new direction for its development. However, all these varying definitions are inconsistent and a globally recognised definition of polytrauma should be established.

Changing Paradigms in Acute Care Surgery: A Shift to the Hindgut

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-80
Author(s):  
Nitin Mishra ◽  
Patricia L. Roberts ◽  
Peter W. Marcello ◽  
Thomas E. Read ◽  
Jason F. Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Care ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Nationwide Inpatient Sample ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gastrointestinal Perforation ◽  
Acute Care Surgery ◽  
The Past ◽  
Care Surgery ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal ◽  
Colorectal Procedures

In this study we sought to identify changes in the etiology and surgical treatment of acute gastrointestinal perforations in the United States over the past 20 years. We performed a retrospective review of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from January 1, 1988, through December 31, 2007. We first identified all patients with gastrointestinal perforations, the perforated organ, and treatment rendered. During the study period, 550,132 patients experienced a gastrointestinal perforation for a mean rate of 3.9 cases per 1,000 discharges. Total number of perforations rose significantly over the study period, yet surgical procedures were performed in less than half of the patients (47.6%). The most common surgical procedures for gastrointestinal perforation were colorectal in origin (38.3%), upper gastrointestinal tract (30.0%), small intestine (29.2%), esophagus (3.0%), and anus (0.1%). At study end, colorectal procedures for perforation were the most commonly performed (40.4%), whereas upper gastrointestinal procedures experienced the greatest decline. In conclusion, our data demonstrate a decline in procedures for upper gastrointestinal perforation and an increase in colorectal procedures during the two-decade study period. These data should be used to assist in the training of acute care surgeons.

The life cycle of Reticulitermes spp. (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae): what do we know?

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.V. Lainé ◽  
D.J. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
French Literature ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Subterranean Termites ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Standard Terminology ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractThe subterranean termites in the genus Reticulitermes have a complex and plastic life cycle, which has been the subject of a number of publications over the past century. Given the inherent difficulties in studying such cryptic, eusocial organisms it is not perhaps surprising that the literature on their biology has failed to reach a consensus. An overview of the literature is given, which is followed by a discussion of the various theories on the life cycle of Reticulitermes spp. A substantial proportion of the review focuses on the French literature, which constitutes the majority of the primary sources and can be difficult to access. There are many discrepancies in the literature in terms of the number of instars, the definition of workers and the question of whether they should be termed pseudergates or, potentially, an additional terminology used to differentiate between pseudergates and the true workers seen in the higher termites (Isoptera: Termitidae). It remains very difficult to compare publications as there is little conformity; a problem that is aggravated by a general absence of drawings of the relevant instars. Further work on the biology of Reticulitermes is clearly required. There is also a need for researchers to agree on a standard terminology for this genus. A glossary is provided for the various synonyms and definitions.

scholarly journals Awareness, attitude and behavior regarding proton pump inhibitor among medical staff in the Southwest of China

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongli Luo ◽  
Qingze Fan ◽  
Tierong Bian ◽  
Xiuying Li ◽  
Kun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proton Pump ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Professional Groups ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Professional Title ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract Background Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are one of the most frequently prescribed classes of drug in the world and there is a growing number of publications on correct versus incorrect use of PPIs worldwide. The knowledge of PPIs among the medical staff is essential for improving the rationality of PPI application. The present study aimed to investigate awareness, attitude and behavior toward PPI use among medical staff in the Southwest of China. Methods The present descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 900 medical staff from three professional groups (300 doctors, 300 nurses and 300 pharmacists) in China. The study data were collected through a self-designed questionnaire which included demographics, awareness, attitude and behavior toward PPI use. The study was carried out in 22 hospitals in Luzhou between February and June 2018. Results Of 900 surveys issued, 851valid questionnaires (295doctors, 268 nurses and 288 pharmacists) were returned. Of all respondents, 33.25% were men and 66.75% were women. The score related to PPI awareness score of medical staff was low (59.47 ± 15.75). The level of awareness of pharmacist was significantly higher than that of doctors and nurses (P < 0.01), which was related to gender, age, occupation, educational level, professional title, hospital nature and hospital grade. Similarly, on the attitude towards PPI use, the pharmacists scored also significantly higher than doctors and the nurses (P < 0.01). Three hundred eighty-one of 851 medical staff had used PPI in the past 1 year, of which omeprazole was the most widely used. Among doctors, nurses and pharmacists, the usage rate of PPI was 50.85, 42.16, 40.97%, respectively. The use frequency was related to occupation and professional title. The score about the behavior toward PPIs of the nurses was also significantly lower than that of doctors and pharmacists (P < 0.01). Conclusions The study indicated that the medical staff lack of awareness concerning rational use of PPI in China, especially nurse. Thus, it is necessary to call for action on the improvement of PPI awareness and medication-taking behaviors to reduce PPI overuse and to promote the rationality of PPI application.

Immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in positively stained frozen sections

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
K. T. Tokuyasu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ultrathin Frozen Sections ◽  
Definition Of

During the past investigations of immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in ultrathin frozen sections, we found that the degree of negative staining required to delineate u1trastructural details was often too dense for the recognition of ferritin particles. The quality of positive staining of ultrathin frozen sections, on the other hand, has generally been far inferior to that attainable in conventional plastic embedded sections, particularly in the definition of membranes. As we discussed before, a main cause of this difficulty seemed to be the vulnerability of frozen sections to the damaging effects of air-water surface tension at the time of drying of the sections.Indeed, we found that the quality of positive staining is greatly improved when positively stained frozen sections are protected against the effects of surface tension by embedding them in thin layers of mechanically stable materials at the time of drying (unpublished).

Derrida on Pornography: Putting (It) Up for Sale

Derrida Today ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Morris
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
English Translation ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Past ◽  
French Original ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Critical Discourses ◽  
Academic Debate

Over the past thirty years, academic debate over pornography in the discourses of feminism and cultural studies has foundered on questions of the performative and of the word's definition. In the polylogue of Droit de regards, pornography is defined as la mise en vente that is taking place in the act of exegesis in progress. (Wills's idiomatic English translation includes an ‘it’ that is absent in the French original). The definition in Droit de regards alludes to the word's etymology (writing by or about prostitutes) but leaves the referent of the ‘sale’ suspended. Pornography as la mise en vente boldly restates the necessary iterability of the sign and anticipates two of Derrida's late arguments: that there is no ‘the’ body and that performatives may be powerless. Deriving a definition of pornography from a truncated etymology exemplifies the prosthesis of origin and challenges other critical discourses to explain how pornography can be understood as anything more than ‘putting (it) up for sale’.

Holism, Chinese Medicine and Systems Ideologies: Rewriting the Past to Imagine the Future

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker Scheid
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Medical Humanities ◽  
Science And Technology Studies ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Past ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Us ◽  
Shared Objective ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter explores the articulations that have emerged over the last half century between various types of holism, Chinese medicine and systems biology. Given the discipline’s historical attachments to a definition of ‘medicine’ that rather narrowly refers to biomedicine as developed in Europe and the US from the eighteenth century onwards, the medical humanities are not the most obvious starting point for such an inquiry. At the same time, they do offer one advantage over neighbouring disciplines like medical history, anthropology or science and technology studies for someone like myself, a clinician as well as a historian and anthropologist: their strong commitment to the objective of facilitating better medical practice. This promise furthermore links to the wider project of critique, which, in Max Horkheimer’s definition of the term, aims at change and emancipation in order ‘to liberate human beings from the circumstances that enslave them’. If we take the critical medical humanities as explicitly affirming this shared objective and responsibility, extending the discipline’s traditional gaze is not a burden but becomes, in fact, an obligation.

Prawne regulacje pobierania i transplantacji narządów oraz tkanek w ujęciu europejskiej konwencji bioetycznej

2016 ◽  
pp. 52-65
Author(s):  
Patryk Kołodyński ◽  
Paulina Drab
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
European Convention ◽  
The Public ◽  
Additional Protocol ◽  
The Past ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
International Legal Order ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Source Of Information

Over the past several years, transplantology has become one of the fastest developing areas of medicine. The reason is, first and foremost, a significant improvement of the results of successful transplants. However, much controversy arouse among the public, on both medical and ethical grounds. The article presents the most important concepts and regulations relating to the collection and transplantation of organs and tissues in the context of the European Convention on Bioethics. It analyses the convention and its additional protocol. The article provides the definition of transplantation and distinguishes its types, taking into account the medical criteria for organ transplants. Moreover, authors explained the issue of organ donation ex vivo and ex mortuo. The European Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine clearly regulates the legal aspects concerning the transplantation and related basic concepts, and therefore provides a reliable source of information about organ transplantation and tissue. This act is a part of the international legal order, which includes the established codification of bioethical standards.

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