scholarly journals Effect of industrial crop Jerusalem artichoke on the micro-ecological rhizosphere environment in saline soil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianyun Shao ◽  
Xiaohua Long ◽  
Xiumei Gao ◽  
Manqiang Liu ◽  
Zed Rengel
Keyword(s):  
Saline Soil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Jerusalem Artichoke ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Ecological Environment ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Alkali Soil ◽  
Rhizosphere Environment ◽  
Material Circulation

Salinity is not only a threat to organisms and ecosystems, but also a major factor restricting the development of agricultural production. This study aimed to explore the modification effect of in-situ Jerusalem artichoke (genotype NY-1) cultivation on the rhizosphere micro-ecological environment in the saline-alkali region along the southeast coast of China. We analyzed the change of carbon and nitrogen in the saline soil from a microbial perspective, through the quantification of the area of root channels, rhizosphere secretions and soil microbiome (cbbL, cbbM and nifH). The root channels of NY-1 not only improved the physical structure of saline soil, but also provided a living space for microorganisms, afforded basic conditions for the optimization of the soil micro-ecological environment. In addition, rhizosphere secretions (from roots of NY-1 as well as microorganisms), such as carbohydrates, hydrocarbons, acids, etc., could be considered as a way to improve the saline-alkali soil habitat. NY-1 increased the diversity and abundance of autotrophic and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in saline soil (rhizosphere > bulk soils), which should be a biological way to increase the amount of carbon and nitrogen fixation in soil. Moreover, some of the detected genera (Sideroxydans, Thiobacillus, Sulfuritalea, Desulfuromonas, etc.) participate in the carbon and nitrogen cycles, and in the biogeochemical cycle of other elements. In short, Jerusalem artichoke can improve not only the physical and chemical properties of saline-alkali soil, but also promote material circulation and energy flow in the micro-ecological rhizosphere environment of saline soils.

scholarly journals Effect of industrial crop Jerusalem artichoke on the micro-ecological rhizosphere environment in saline soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
pp. 104080
Author(s):  
Tianyun Shao ◽  
Xiaohua Long ◽  
Yuqing Liu ◽  
Xiumei Gao ◽  
Manqiang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saline Soil ◽  
Jerusalem Artichoke ◽  
Industrial Crop ◽  
Rhizosphere Environment

scholarly journals Observation of Chemistry in Protoplanetary Disks

2004 ◽  
Vol 221 ◽  
pp. 411-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Dutrey
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Protoplanetary Disks ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Pms Stars ◽  
Observational Knowledge

Protoplanetary disks are now intensively observed by mm arrays. While resolved images of CO rotation lines permit a better understanding of their physical structure, molecular surveys provided by current mm telescopes are currently sensitivity limited and do not allow a quantitative analysis of the chemical properties of disks. In this paper, I review the actual observational knowledge of the chemistry in the outer disks surrounding low and intermediate PMS stars and traced by mm data.

scholarly journals Long-Term Amelioration Practices Reshape the Soil Microbiome in a Coastal Saline Soil and Alter the Richness and Vertical Distribution Differently Among Bacterial, Archaeal, and Fungal Communities

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruibo Sun ◽  
Xiaogai Wang ◽  
Yinping Tian ◽  
Kai Guo ◽  
Xiaohui Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Saline Water Irrigation ◽  
Coastal Saline Soil ◽  
Plastic Mulching

Globally soil salinity is one of the most devastating environmental stresses affecting agricultural systems and causes huge economic losses each year. High soil salinity causes osmotic stress, nutritional imbalance and ion toxicity to plants and severely affects crop productivity in farming systems. Freezing saline water irrigation and plastic mulching techniques were successfully developed in our previous study to desalinize costal saline soil. Understanding how microbial communities respond during saline soil amelioration is crucial, given the key roles soil microbes play in ecosystem succession. In the present study, the community composition, diversity, assembly and potential ecological functions of archaea, bacteria and fungi in coastal saline soil under amelioration practices of freezing saline water irrigation, plastic mulching and the combination of freezing saline water irrigation and plastic mulching were assessed through high-throughput sequencing. These amelioration practices decreased archaeal and increased bacterial richness while leaving fungal richness little changed in the surface soil. Functional prediction revealed that the amelioration practices, especially winter irrigation with saline water and film mulched in spring, promoted a community harboring heterotrophic features. β-null deviation analysis illustrated that amelioration practices weakened the deterministic processes in structuring coastal saline soil microbial communities. These results advanced our understanding of the responses of the soil microbiome to amelioration practices and provided useful information for developing microbe-based remediation approaches in coastal saline soils.

The Influence of Amendment to the Red Mud and the Effects of Rehabilitated Red Mud on Sweet Sorghum Seedlings

2014 ◽  
Vol 1073-1076 ◽  
pp. 216-221
Author(s):  
Chong Jian Ma ◽  
Ravi Naidu ◽  
Hui Ming
Keyword(s):  
Red Mud ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Ecological Environment ◽  
In Situ Remediation ◽  
Seedling Root ◽  
Theoretical Significance ◽  
Alumina Industry

Red mud is the waste generated in alumina industry, which occupies much land and brings great harm to the ecological environment and its disposal and comprehensive utilization has become a major environmental concern of the whole society. This thesis discusses the rehabilitating effect of several amendments on red mud and their influences on the growth of the sorgo seedlings, eventually providing theoretical and technical support for in-situ remediation of the ecological environment red mud stacking area. The results show that the amendments could reduce pH value of the soil; the addition of phosphorus, gypsum and sludge can effectively reduce the pH value. All of these are beneficial to soil’s physical structure and seedling root. At the same time, sludge can provide necessary nutrients to seedlings while promote the metabolism. The research results have both theoretical significance and application prospect.

scholarly journals Soil organic carbon and nitrogen characteristics in differently used grasslands at sites with drainage and without drainage

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Dufková ◽  
T. Kvítek ◽  
J. Voldřichová
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Thermal Combustion

Extensive management (absence of management) of unfertilized permanent grasslands was examined for five years from the aspect of its influence on soil chemical properties of horizon A in a floodplain locality of the Crystalline Complex, in relation to water regime regulation, reclamations and liming. These treatments: without mowing (0), one cut (1) and two cuts (2) per year were used at sites without drainage (WD), with drainage (D) and with drainage water retardation (R). These average values were measured at all sites and for all treatments: content of soil organic carbon C<sub>org</sub> 2.3&ndash;3.4%, combustible substances CS 12&ndash;15%, humic to fulvic acids ratio C<sub>HA</sub>/C<sub>FA</sub> 0.81&ndash;0.94, C/N 8&ndash;9, humification rate 0.6&ndash;0.7, exchange pH 3.9&ndash;5.1. All sites have deteriorated conditions for the activity of soil microorganisms (low pH). Determinations of the contents of organic carbon (C<sub>org</sub> by thermal combustion, water soluble and hot water soluble carbon, C<sub>HA</sub> and C<sub>FA</sub>), CS and total nitrogen indicated decreases as a result of the influence of factors (drainage, liming, mowing) supporting mineralization and the cycle of soil organic matter. Mowing improved humus quality

scholarly journals Changes in the soil’s biological and chemical properties due to the land use

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 228-236
Author(s):  
Eva Horáková ◽  
Lubica Pospíšilová ◽  
Vitězslav Vlček ◽  
Ladislav Menšík
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Biological Stability ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Basal Soil Respiration ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Increasing the soil productivity is challenged by the increasing biotic threat to plants and microorganisms, by the resistance to agrochemicals, and by the declining soil health. Soil management strategy is, therefore, aimed at erosion prevention and the minimisation of soil organic matter losses. A key factor in an agroecosystem is the appropriate biological stability. It is essential not only at present, but also for further sustainable agriculture. This study was based on the hypothesis that afforestation and conversion from arable land to permanent grassland improves the organic matter status and biological stability in the agroecosystem. The experiment was conducted from 2014 to 2018 in the Uhřice bio-corridor (Kroměříž region, the Czech Republic). Haplic Luvisol has been investigated for its basic biological and chemical properties after the arable land was converted to a natural vegetation system. The afforested segment (F), permanent grassland segment (G), and arable land segment (A) have been sampled in the upper soil horizon (0–0.30 m). Standard analytical methods were applied for the determination of the basic soil properties. A principal component analysis and factor analysis were used for interpreting the connection between the parameters of the soil organic carbon, the humic substances, the humic acids, and the fulvic acids, the agrochemical properties of the soil (the pH, the content of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, etc.), and the soil biological properties (basal soil respiration (BSR), the ratios of the N/BSR, NG/BSR, etc.). After five years of investigation, the differences in the studied parameters were evident. The factor analysis and multivariate exploratory techniques showed that the soil properties were grouped based on the management into three different categories – F, G and A. The different land use directly influenced the quality and stability of the humic substances, basal soil respiration, and carbon and nitrogen utilisation. In comparison to the arable land, the forest and grassland were considered to have a higher accumulation potential of carbon and nitrogen. A negative correlation between the soil basal respiration (r = –0.95); total nitrogen (r = –0.93); total organic carbon (C<sub>ox</sub>) content (r = –0.82); and partial Ca (r = –0.82) was found. A positive correlation (r = 0.80) between the humic substances (C-HS) and soil reaction (pH) was determined.

Leaching of copper, chromium, and arsenic through some free-draining New Zealand soils

Soil Research ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 583 ◽  
Author(s):  
PL Carey ◽  
RG Mclaren ◽  
KC Cameron ◽  
JR Sedcole
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Soil Monolith ◽  
Copper Chromium ◽  
Growth Differences ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Parameter Values

Concentrated toxic solutions of copper, chromium, and arsenic (CCA) are used extensively in the New Zealand timber preservation industry. A 2% w/v solution containing cupric, dichromate, and arsenate ions was leached through undisturbed soil monolith lysimeters containing the surface and subsurface horizons of 2 free-draining New Zealand soils. The resulting breakthrough curves were successfully modelled using the Gompertz equation for biomass growth. Differences between soil horizons in the fitted Gompertz parameter values were related to differences in soil physical and chemical properties affecting leaching. Results were compared to those from a previous study investigating pulse leaching of a concentrated CCA solution of similar ion ratio using the same soils. Generally, solution leaching produced breakthrough curves influenced more by the soil's physical structure and less by kinetic processes (i.e. sorption and diffusion). This was in part due to the high metal concentrations of the CCA solution and the decreased contact time between soil and solute in the solution leaching experiment. The relative ease of solute ion breakthrough increased in the order copper < arsenate < dichromate. The study suggests that further research is required to assess management implications for spills of these heavy metal ions to soils to prevent leaching or runoff to ground and surface water.

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