scholarly journals Cyanobacteria and bio-crusts communities restore degraded soil: Examples of Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atoosa Gholamhosseinian ◽  
Adel Sepehr
Keyword(s):  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
Degraded Ecosystems

Soil is the major natural resource on which human life depends for the production of food, feed, fiber, renewable energy and raw materials, as well as the protection of the planet’s natural ecosystems and climate system. Increasing soil degradation and subsequent ecosystem degradation is a current concern in agriculture and the environment. Soil degradation poses many challenges to feed the world’s growing population. This food insecurity will also reduce the income of the agricultural sector, which will lead to a decrease in economic income. Soil degradation will lead to environmental threats, the extinction of animals and plants, the reduction of biodiversity, water loss, and disruption of water and carbon cycles. The use of new technologies such as biological crusts has provided great hope for the recovery and restoration of degraded ecosystems. Inoculation of biological crusts, especially cyanobacteria, has had positive results on improving soil conditions and restoration degraded soils. In this article, has been introduced the biocrusts communities considering cyanobacteria species to restore degraded soils. We reported the results of cyanobacteria applications in soil conservation in arid environments of Iran.

Development of new technologies for sorting of fibrous cotton stalks by the combined method “ADAU” and production of sowing material

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (09) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Şahlar Mahmud oğlu Babayev ◽  
◽  
Camaləddin Ələkbər oğlu Məmmədov ◽  
Səfiyyə İbrahim qızı Məhərrəmova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Cotton Stalks ◽  
Cotton Yarns ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Selection Of

The article is devoted to the development of technologies for the production of quality sowing material, which is the main problem of cotton growing, which has a greater share in the agricultural sector, which is the basis of the economy of the republic. For this purpose, a new technology for the production of sowing material was developed as a result of the selection of biologically mature yarns during the combined sorting of fibrous cotton yarns, as well as processing of these yarns by the proposed method, and two positive decisions were made by the Intellectual Property Agency. In addition to the mentioned advantages of the proposed technology, the use of low-percentage starch solution, as well as absorbents with high absorption capacity (zeolite or bentonite) in the country to improve the quality of sowing material in the production of sowing material as a result of processing raw materials. indicates that it has indicators. Key words: fiber, cotton, yarn, combined, sorting, sowing material, production, technology

Green, Sustainable, or Clean

2013 ◽  
pp. 384-396
Author(s):  
Albena Antonova
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Human Life ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Resource Extraction ◽  
Business Activity ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Green It ◽  
Discussion Section

Since antiquity, human activity and technological innovations endanger environmental balance. Any new technology generates more business activity, leading to increased resource extraction and waste and directly menacing natural ecosystems. As a result, technological progress and economic growth are based on unsustainable practices. In the last few decades, ICT has accelerated and globalized business activity and many problems emerged as scarcity of natural resources, global warming, and population growth are only few of them. For less than 20 years, information technologies made the world smaller and smarter. ICT transformed all aspects of human life including business processes and practices, communication, logistics and transportation, learning, entertainment, commerce, and many others. The present research aims to outline some of the challenges to new technologies and IT/IS practices. It proposes a practice-oriented framework for adoption of green IT/IS strategy in companies. While literature is dominated by specific technological issues, businesses still miss the general vision of sustainable/green/clean technologies and how to adopt green IT/IS. Therefore, the discussion section of this chapter proposes an analysis of wider practices and initiatives leading to green IT/IS.

How can ICTs Contribute towards a More Sustainable Future?

2015 ◽  
pp. 404-417
Author(s):  
Albena Antonova
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Human Life ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
Wealth Accumulation ◽  
Business Activity ◽  
Natural Ecosystems

Since antiquity technological innovations endanger environmental balance and there is major need to keep this balance in check. Any new technology generates more business activity, leading to increased resource extraction and waste and directly affecting natural ecosystems. Thus technological progress and economic growth are based on unsustainable practices. In the last few decades, information and communication technologies (ICT) accelerated globalized business activity by making the world smaller, more connected and smarter. ICT gradually transformed all aspects of human life including work, learning, and leisure; it has a global impact on business processes and practices, communication, logistics and transportation, finance, and commerce among other aspects. This resulted in wealth accumulation, resource depletion and social divide which have led to problems, directly and indirectly, such as scarcity of natural resources, global warming, climate change, population growth, and increasing youth unemployment. This chapter outlines some of the challenges of the new technologies and ICT practices. It proposes a practice-oriented framework for adoption of more sustainable ICT strategy in companies.

scholarly journals Investigation of Groundwater Depletion in the State of Qatar and Its Implication to Energy Water and Food Nexus

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 2464
Author(s):  
Hazrat Bilal ◽  
Rajesh Govindan ◽  
Tareq Al-Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Groundwater Depletion ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Freshwater Resource

Groundwater is a precious freshwater resource heavily relied upon by agricultural activities in many parts of the world, and especially by countries with limited water resources located in arid regions. Groundwater resources are under severe pressures due to population increase, urbanisation and socio-economic development, with potential for causing long-term threats to human life and natural ecosystems. This study attempts to investigate the impacts of local and regional climatic trends, and establish key forcing functions that have changed local groundwater resources. The main questions answered through this study include: Are these changes beneficial or detrimental? If they are detrimental, what is the future outlook for impacts on the ecosystem? What are the corrective actions needed to avert the long-term risks in arid environments? In view of this, the methodology developed in this study focuses on a joint time-series statistical analysis using ground data as well as Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite data. Results show a substantial depletion in the groundwater thickness (0.24 ± 0.20 cm/year) during the period of observation (2002–2020). Long-term temperature data indicates that the annual mean temperature increased significantly by 1.02 °C between 1987 and 2016, while total rainfall exhibited a slight decreasing trend. In addition to groundwater extraction, fluctuations in monthly rainfall, soil moisture, evapotranspiration and relative humidity support the groundwater thickness reduction of GRACE datasets. The use of desalinated water and wastewater reuse in the agriculture sector may reduce the pressure on groundwater resources. Optimization, adaptation and mitigation in the EWF nexus will further improve the sustainability of the EWF resources.

scholarly journals Empirical Study On, “Chracteristics Of Agripreneurship In Amhara Region, Ethiopia”

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr.Kavitha Nachimuthu ◽  
Mr.Birhanu Melesse ◽  
Mr.Beyene Derso
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Amhara Region ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Commercial Farming ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Rural Livelihood ◽  
Global World

Agripreneurship rotate farm into an agribusiness. Agribusiness plays very essential role to re defining agricultural sector in Ethiopia. It make more advantageous venture can lead to economic self-sufficiency which attracts rural people in the present scenario. Agripreneurship provides employment opportunities, income generation, alleviating poverty, food security and rural livelihood in the development aspects. Most of the farmers lack in access of agricultural raw materials, financial assistance, marketing arrangements, accessing new technologies and advisory services for commercial farming. ‘Agripreneurs’ can transform Ethiopian agriculture sector to meet the challenges in the global world. This paper mainly focused on the importance of Agripreneurship and socio cultural background in Ethiopia

Green, Sustainable, or Clean

2013 ◽  
pp. 151-162
Author(s):  
Albena Antonova
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Human Life ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Resource Extraction ◽  
Business Activity ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Green It ◽  
Discussion Section

Since antiquity, human activity and technological innovations endanger environmental balance. Any new technology generates more business activity, leading to increased resource extraction and waste and directly menacing natural ecosystems. As a result, technological progress and economic growth are based on unsustainable practices. In the last few decades, ICT has accelerated and globalized business activity and many problems emerged as scarcity of natural resources, global warming, and population growth are only few of them. For less than 20 years, information technologies made the world smaller and smarter. ICT transformed all aspects of human life including business processes and practices, communication, logistics and transportation, learning, entertainment, commerce, and many others. The present research aims to outline some of the challenges to new technologies and IT/IS practices. It proposes a practice-oriented framework for adoption of green IT/IS strategy in companies. While literature is dominated by specific technological issues, businesses still miss the general vision of sustainable/green/clean technologies and how to adopt green IT/IS. Therefore, the discussion section of this chapter proposes an analysis of wider practices and initiatives leading to green IT/IS.

How Can ICTs Contribute Towards a More Sustainable Future?

2017 ◽  
pp. 1570-1584
Author(s):  
Albena Antonova
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Human Life ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
Wealth Accumulation ◽  
Business Activity ◽  
Natural Ecosystems

Since antiquity technological innovations endanger environmental balance and there is major need to keep this balance in check. Any new technology generates more business activity, leading to increased resource extraction and waste and directly affecting natural ecosystems. Thus technological progress and economic growth are based on unsustainable practices. In the last few decades, information and communication technologies (ICT) accelerated globalized business activity by making the world smaller, more connected and smarter. ICT gradually transformed all aspects of human life including work, learning, and leisure; it has a global impact on business processes and practices, communication, logistics and transportation, finance, and commerce among other aspects. This resulted in wealth accumulation, resource depletion and social divide which have led to problems, directly and indirectly, such as scarcity of natural resources, global warming, climate change, population growth, and increasing youth unemployment. This chapter outlines some of the challenges of the new technologies and ICT practices. It proposes a practice-oriented framework for adoption of more sustainable ICT strategy in companies.

Ecosystem services provided by groundwater dependent wetlands in Irish karst 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Massimo Delle Grazie ◽  
Laurence Gill
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Habitats Directive ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Wastewater Disposal ◽  
Hydrological Characteristics ◽  
Almost All

<p>Turloughs, the focus of this study, are ephemeral lakes and they are mostly groundwater dependent. They are present mostly in Ireland and have been compared hydrologically to polje for the period inundation and lacustrine deposits. They are flooded for some periods across the year (typically in the winter) but usually dry up in summer months. Turloughs are protected under the Water Framework Directive (WFD, Directive 2000/60/EC) and the EU Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC). Ecosystem services can be defined as the conditions and processes through which natural ecosystems sustain and fulfil human life. These can be classified as provisioning, regulating, and cultural and examples of them are water and raw materials production, flood risk attenuation, carbon sequestration. The determination of the ecosystem services can help analyse different scenarios linked to pressures like road drainage schemes, water supply and wastewater disposal.</p><p> </p><p>Seven turloughs (Blackrock, Lough Coy, Lough Aleenaun, Lough Gealain, Caranavoodaun, Skealoghan, Coolcam) have been selected from a previous study and samples of waters were collected monthly to determine carbon and nutrients. Carbon and nutrients were also determined on soil samples taken from the turlough catchment. The overwhelming majority of wetlands act as long-term sinks for CO<sub>2</sub>. To determine whether this is the case for some of the turloughs in the study, greenhouse gases from soils and water were monitored and balances were worked out. Ecosystem services were quantified through various models which had to be adapted to the special conditions present in the turloughs.</p><p> </p><p>The seven turloughs have different hydrological characteristics. Hydrology is the main driver of vegetation distribution therefore ommunities are distributed in zones arranged along the flooding gradient. Aquatic invertebrates also show a succession of communities through the hydroperiod.</p><p> </p><p>The seven turloughs studied provide a variety of hydrological characteristics, habitat, soil and vegetation and offer different ecosystem services. Each ecosystem service was quantified using appropriate models. Almost all the turloughs are at risk from anthropic activities and potentially from climate change. Important ecosystem services for these turloughs are flood mitigation, nutrient retention, carbon sequestration, habitat preservation and recreational activities.</p>

Peranan Sektor Pertanian dalam Perekonomian Kabupaten Manokwari

Agrotek ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunto Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Location Quotient ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Plantation Crops ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

<em>The agricultural sector</em><em> is a strategic sector in Manokwari regency. The agricultural sector provides a major contribution in the regional economy, an economic base of rural people, dominate the life of most residents in this region and provider of food and raw materials for other sectors. The purpose of this study was to determine how big the contribution of different sub-sectors that exist in the agricultural sector, which analyzes sectors influential in changing the economic structure of agriculture in the area and know the potential commodities that can be developed in an effort to enhance the role of the agricultural sector. The research method used through literature study and analysis of secondary data sourced from the relevant authorities. To find out how big the factors that influence changes in economic structures of domination of the agricultural sector into non-agricultural sector estimates used Ordinary Least Square (OLS). For the determination of the potential commodities that can be seeded used method approach Location Quotient (LQ). The results showed the greatest contribution of the different sub-sectors within the agricultural sector contained in the food crops sub-sector. Based on the rate of growth per year, plantation crops sub-sector occupied the highest positions. The sectors that provide real impact on the agricultural sector's contribution to the regional gross domestic product �of the building sector and services sector. Potential commodities that can be developed in different areas in Manokwari regency include food crops and pulses, vegetables and fruits and livestock including cows, goats, pigs and chicken.</em>

The sugar and alcohol industry in the biofuels and cogeneration era: a paradigm change (part II)

2014 ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Electo Eduardo Silv Lora ◽  
Mateus Henrique Rocha ◽  
José Carlos Escobar Palacio ◽  
Osvaldo José Venturini ◽  
Maria Luiza Grillo Renó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Process Integration ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Alcohol Industry ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Steam Parameters

The aim of this paper is to discuss the major technological changes related to the implementation of large-scale cogeneration and biofuel production in the sugar and alcohol industry. The reduction of the process steam consumption, implementation of new alternatives in driving mills, the widespread practice of high steam parameters use in cogeneration facilities, the insertion of new technologies for biofuels production (hydrolysis and gasification), the energy conversion of sugarcane trash and vinasse, animal feed production, process integration and implementation of the biorefinery concept are considered. Another new paradigm consists in the wide spreading of sustainability studies of products and processes using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and the implementation of sustainability indexes. Every approach to this issue has as an objective to increase the economic efficiency and the possibilities of the sugarcane as a main source of two basic raw materials: fibres and sugar. The paper briefly presents the concepts, indicators, state-of-the-art and perspectives of each of the referred issues.

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