scholarly journals Correlated evolution of distinct signals associated with increased social selection in female white-shouldered fairywrens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Jones ◽  
Karan Odom ◽  
Ian Hoppe ◽  
Doka Nason ◽  
Serena Ketaloya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Social Dominance ◽  
Social Selection ◽  
Competitive Pressure ◽  
Correlated Evolution ◽  
Scientific Attention ◽  
Female Specific ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Male Coloration

Conspicuous female signals have recently received substantial scientific attention, but the degree to which female-specific selection drives their evolution remains unclear. Species that express female-specific phenotypic variation among populations represent a useful opportunity to address this knowledge gap. White-shouldered fairywrens (Malurus alboscapulatus) are tropical songbirds with a well-resolved phylogeny where female, but not male, coloration varies allopatrically across subspecies. We explored how four distinct signaling modalities, each putatively associated with increased social selection, are expressed in two populations that vary in competitive pressure on females. Females in a derived subspecies (M. a. moretoni) have evolved more ornamented plumage, more complex vocalizations, and shorter tails (a signal of social dominance) relative to an ancestral subspecies (M. a. lorentzi) with drab females. Moreover, in response to simulated territorial intrusions broadcasting female song, female M. a. moretoni are more aggressive and more coordinated with their mate in both movement and vocalizations. These results suggest that correlated phenotypic shifts in female color, morphology, song complexity, and behavior may have occurred in response to changes in social selection, consistent with the idea that female-specific selection has driven the evolution of these signals.

scholarly journals Nature, Nurture, and Noise: Developmental Instability, Fluctuating Asymmetry, and the Causes of Phenotypic Variation

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1204
Author(s):  
John H. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Deterministic Chaos ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Developmental Instability ◽  
Nonlinear Feedback ◽  
Developmental Variation ◽  
Sewall Wright ◽  
Developmental Noise ◽  
And Behavior

Phenotypic variation arises from genetic and environmental variation, as well as random aspects of development. The genetic (nature) and environmental (nurture) components of this variation have been appreciated since at least 1900. The random developmental component (noise) has taken longer for quantitative geneticists to appreciate. Here, I sketch the historical development of the concepts of random developmental noise and developmental instability, and its quantification via fluctuating asymmetry. The unsung pioneers in this story are Hugo DeVries (fluctuating variation, 1909), C. H. Danforth (random variation between monozygotic twins, 1919), and Sewall Wright (random developmental variation in piebald guinea pigs, 1920). The first pioneering study of fluctuating asymmetry, by Sumner and Huestis in 1921, is seldom mentioned, possibly because it failed to connect the observed random asymmetry with random developmental variation. This early work was then synthesized by Boris Astaurov in 1930 and Wilhelm Ludwig in 1932, and then popularized by Drosophila geneticists beginning with Kenneth Mather in 1953. Population phenogeneticists are still trying to understand the origins and behavior of random developmental variation. Some of the developmental noise represents true stochastic behavior of molecules and cells, while some represents deterministic chaos, nonlinear feedback, and symmetry breaking.

scholarly journals Correlated evolution of distinct signals associated with increased social selection in female white‐shouldered fairywrens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Anthony Jones ◽  
Karan J. Odom ◽  
Ian R. Hoppe ◽  
Doka Nason ◽  
Serena Ketaloya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Selection ◽  
Correlated Evolution

scholarly journals Going Forward with #MeToo Movement: Towards a Safer Work Environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajiv Gupta ◽  
Arunima Gupta ◽  
Dharmender Nehra
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Volcanic Eruption ◽  
Print Media ◽  
Human Psychology ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
The Social ◽  
Scientific Attention ◽  
And Behavior

Introduction: The volcanic eruption of the #MeToo movement shows that the problem was there for long and was simmering on. The movement was initiated with the aim of knowing the magnitude of the problem and has now spread worldwide. The cases of the Me Too sexual wave are recent and have not yet attracted much scientific attention, though literature on sexual harassment is widely available and the psychological mechanisms implicated in this movement can be understood and examined through it. Objectives: This article aims to attract attention of the medical fraternity to update themselves of this issue which is essential for better understanding of the movement which has potentially good, bad, and ugly undercurrents. We will call attention to these aspects perusing the literature both at national and international levels. This would also be subjected to an analysis of the established concepts and principles of human psychology and behavior. Conclusion: It is amply clear that the time for sweeping things under the carpet is over and the catharsis that flooded the social media, print media, and TV just show how important it is to make the future workplace fair to both genders.

Ecology and behavior of the Cretan agrimi

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Husband ◽  
Phillip B. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Social Dominance ◽  
Dominance Hierarchy ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Natural Mortality ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Population Responses ◽  
Capra Aegagrus ◽  
Population Mortality ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Daily Activity Patterns

The agrimi (Capra aegagrus cretensis Lydekker), an endangered species of wild goat, was studied on Theodorou Island, Crete, Greece, from May to November 1975 to determine population responses of the agrimi to removals and to document their behavioral patterns. The Theodorou population size was 89 agrimi. A mathematical model of population mortality indicated that the number of animals removed from the island between 1973 and 1975 equalled the expected natural mortality for both sexes. Observations of agrimi showed that they had seasonal and daily activity patterns that minimized their exposure to high ambient temperatures. An age- and sex-specific social dominance hierarchy was found, with old males being most dominant.

scholarly journals PRENATAL MATERNAL PSYCHIC DEVELOPMENT AND FETAL BEHAVIOR: AN INTERACTING REALITY

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Joao Rosado de Miranda Justo
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Stress ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Transition To Parenthood ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Development Interventions ◽  
Scientific Attention ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Relational Strategies

Abstract.Psychological development during pregnancy and along transition to parenthood stood under scientific attention during the second half of the twentieth century. Research yielded data suggesting that human adaptation to the reproductive steps of the life cycle is very important in our quest for quality of life. Namely, studies of maternal prenatal emotions revealed the existence of a relationship between, on one side, pregnant women psychological functioning and, on another side, obstetric health, labor and delivery vicissitudes, newborn’s health and behavior, etc. Recently studies about prenatal stress showed how important intrauterine experiences can be for babies’ development. Interventions dedicated to prevent negative consequences induced by maternal stress should be organized as early as possible in human life. In this sense, it is argued that positive aspects reinforcement, both in the mother and in the baby as well as in family functioning, should be seen as the major focus in relational strategies assumed by professionals operating in this field.Key words: Psychological development during pregnancy; Maternal prenatal emotions; Obstetric health; Newborn’s health and behavior; Prenatal stress.

scholarly journals Visual-based male mate preference for conspecific females in mutually ornamented fish: possible importance of species recognition hypothesis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisuke Atsumi ◽  
Osamu Kishida ◽  
Itsuro Koizumi
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cues ◽  
Species Recognition ◽  
Social Selection ◽  
Interspecies Interactions ◽  
Tribolodon Hakonensis ◽  
Male Preference ◽  
Female Ornamentation ◽  
Male Mate ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
And Behavior

Because sexual selection typically acts on males, evolution of conspicuous ornamentation in females has been understudied. Genetic correlation between sexes and sexual or social selection on females have been proposed to explain female ornamentation, but they cannot fully explain observed patterns in nature such as female ornamentation in non-territorial, promiscuous species. The species recognition hypothesis, which postulates that ornamentation is adaptive because it prevents maladaptive hybridization, might plausibly explain female ornamentation. We examined the possibility of this hypothesis in two sympatric, non-territorial, promiscuous fish species. Both sexes of Tribolodon hakonensis and T. sachalinensis display species-specific conspicuous coloration in the breeding season. We conducted visual-based mate choice experiments using T. hakonensis males and compared their association times between conspecific and heterospecific females. Males spent more time near conspecifics, indicating that T. hakonensis males used visual cues to recognize conspecifics. Because the females presented to the males did not differ in body size, shape and behavior between the two species, the male preference for conspecifics was probably based on the females' nuptial coloration. These results suggest that female ornamentation may evolve or be maintained by not only sexual or social selection within a species but also interspecies interactions (e.g. hybridization).

scholarly journals Social perception of young adults prolongs the lifespan of aged Drosophila

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Chun Cho ◽  
Chih-Chieh Yu ◽  
Chih-Fei Kao
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Social Perception ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Metabolic Status ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Physical Stimuli ◽  
Same Gender ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Two Populations

AbstractLifespan is modulated at distinct levels by multiple factors, including genetic backgrounds, the environment, behavior traits, metabolic status, and more interestingly, sensory perceptions. However, the effects of social perception between individuals living in the same space remain less clear. Here, we used the Drosophila model to study the influences of social perception on the lifespan of aged fruit flies. We found the lifespan of aged Drosophila is markedly prolonged after being co-housed with young adults of the same gender. Moreover, the changes of lifespan were affected by several experimental contexts: (1) the ratios of aged and young adults co-housed, (2) the chronological ages of two populations, and (3) the integrity of sensory modalities. Together, we hypothesize the chemical/physical stimuli derived from the interacting young adults are capable of interfering with the physiology and behavior of aged flies, ultimately leading to the alteration of lifespan.

Middle Pleistocene Homo behavior and culture at 140,000 to 120,000 years ago and interactions with Homo sapiens

Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 372 (6549) ◽  
pp. 1429-1433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yossi Zaidner ◽  
Laura Centi ◽  
Marion Prévost ◽  
Norbert Mercier ◽  
Christophe Falguères ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Lithic Analysis ◽  
Stone Tool ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Radiometric Ages ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Shed Light

Fossils of a Middle Pleistocene (MP) Homo within a well-defined archaeological context at the open-air site of Nesher Ramla, Israel, shed light on MP Homo culture and behavior. Radiometric ages, along with cultural and stratigraphic considerations, suggest that the fossils are 140,000 to 120,000 years old, chronologically overlapping with H. sapiens in western Asia. Lithic analysis reveals that MP Homo mastered stone-tool production technologies, previously known only among H. sapiens and Neanderthals. The Levallois knapping methods they used are indistinguishable from that of concurrent H. sapiens in western Asia. The most parsimonious explanation for such a close similarity is the cultural interactions between these two populations. These findings constitute evidence of contacts and interactions between H. sapiens and MP Homo.

Correlated evolution of microhabitat, morphology, and behavior in West Indian Anolis lizards: a test of the habitat matrix model

Behaviour ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 152 (9) ◽  
pp. 1187-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Harrison ◽  
L.J. Revell ◽  
J.B. Losos
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Matrix Model ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Locomotor Performance ◽  
Correlated Evolution ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Habitat Matrix ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Combined Data

The habitat matrix model (HMM) explains convergence among arboreal animals as a result of the correlated evolution of morphology, locomotor mode, and habitat use. Although the HMM has generated important insights into the ecology of arboreal species, these tests have left a gap in the habitat-behavior-morphology story by focusing primarily on locomotor performance in lab and field experiments and thus failing to include data on locomotor behavior of undisturbed animals in the wild. We combined data on undisturbed locomotion, habitat use, and morphology for 31 species of arboreal lizard in the genusAnolisand used these data to test nine specific predictions arising from the HMM. We find strong support for nearly all aspects of this model. The addition of data on locomotion by undisturbed wild animals offers a more direct and compelling case for the HMM than most previous tests.

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