scholarly journals Selection and use of Mediation Testing Methods; Application in Management Sciences

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-96
Author(s):  
Ghulam Dastgeer ◽  
Atiq ur Rehman ◽  
Muhammad Ali Asghar
Keyword(s):  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Type I Error ◽  
Organization Culture ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Type I ◽  
Organization Performance ◽  
Employee Wellbeing ◽  
Corporate Social

This research article presents a comparative analysis of three major methods of mediation analysis i.e., Baron and Kenny, Sobel, Hayes indirect effect with bootstrap using PROCESS macro and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). It discusses common issues associated with mediation analysis and common mistakes committed in the selection and application of method and in the interpretation of results. In this article we have developed and tested a variety of models including simple mediation, parallel mediation, and serial/sequential mediation models. We have used a research model drawn from management field which includes two independent variables (i.e., organization justice and corporate social responsibility), two dependent variables (i.e., employee wellbeing and organization performance) and two mediating variables (i.e., organization trust and organization culture). The article illustrates that bootstrapping has an advantage over Baron and Kenny method or with Sobel test. Besides, it has high statistical power and better control on type-I error. It produces better results even when data lacks the property of normal distribution. The article has many practical implications. More particularly for management researchers, it provides an in-depth understanding of how to correctly conduct mediation analysis.

One Size Fits All?

Methodology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel C. Voelkle ◽  
Patrick E. McKnight
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Type I Error ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Type I ◽  
Finite Sample ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Latent Curve

The use of latent curve models (LCMs) has increased almost exponentially during the last decade. Oftentimes, researchers regard LCM as a “new” method to analyze change with little attention paid to the fact that the technique was originally introduced as an “alternative to standard repeated measures ANOVA and first-order auto-regressive methods” (Meredith & Tisak, 1990, p. 107). In the first part of the paper, this close relationship is reviewed, and it is demonstrated how “traditional” methods, such as the repeated measures ANOVA, and MANOVA, can be formulated as LCMs. Given that latent curve modeling is essentially a large-sample technique, compared to “traditional” finite-sample approaches, the second part of the paper addresses the question to what degree the more flexible LCMs can actually replace some of the older tests by means of a Monte-Carlo simulation. In addition, a structural equation modeling alternative to Mauchly’s (1940) test of sphericity is explored. Although “traditional” methods may be expressed as special cases of more general LCMs, we found the equivalence holds only asymptotically. For practical purposes, however, no approach always outperformed the other alternatives in terms of power and type I error, so the best method to be used depends on the situation. We provide detailed recommendations of when to use which method.

scholarly journals New Developments in Factor Score Regression: Fit Indices and a Model Comparison Test

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 1017-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines Devlieger ◽  
Wouter Talloen ◽  
Yves Rosseel
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
Type I Error ◽  
Factor Score ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Type I ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Comparison Test

Factor score regression (FSR) is a popular alternative for structural equation modeling. Naively applying FSR induces bias for the estimators of the regression coefficients. Croon proposed a method to correct for this bias. Next to estimating effects without bias, interest often lies in inference of regression coefficients or in the fit of the model. In this article, we propose fit indices for FSR that can be used to inspect the model fit. We also introduce a model comparison test based on one of these newly proposed fit indices that can be used for inference of the estimators on the regression coefficients. In a simulation study we compare FSR with Croon’s corrections and structural equation modeling in terms of bias of the regression coefficients, Type I error rate and power.

How to Detect Publication Bias in Psychological Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 227 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Renkewitz ◽  
Melanie Keiner
Keyword(s):  
Publication Bias ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Type I Error ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Type I ◽  
True Effect Size ◽  
Questionable Research Practices ◽  
True Effect ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract. Publication biases and questionable research practices are assumed to be two of the main causes of low replication rates. Both of these problems lead to severely inflated effect size estimates in meta-analyses. Methodologists have proposed a number of statistical tools to detect such bias in meta-analytic results. We present an evaluation of the performance of six of these tools. To assess the Type I error rate and the statistical power of these methods, we simulated a large variety of literatures that differed with regard to true effect size, heterogeneity, number of available primary studies, and sample sizes of these primary studies; furthermore, simulated studies were subjected to different degrees of publication bias. Our results show that across all simulated conditions, no method consistently outperformed the others. Additionally, all methods performed poorly when true effect sizes were heterogeneous or primary studies had a small chance of being published, irrespective of their results. This suggests that in many actual meta-analyses in psychology, bias will remain undiscovered no matter which detection method is used.

scholarly journals Analysis of Corporate Social Responsibility Execution Effects on Purchase Intention with the Moderating Role of Customer Awareness

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4548
Author(s):  
Qingyu Zhang ◽  
Sohail Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Purchasing Intention ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Moderating Role

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) in management domains is a well-known concept that links corporate interests and environmental/community values. CSR is considered a strategic policy that offers environmental and social competitive advantages. Organizations consider that CSR-based goodwill provides a tactical competitive edge and sustainable growth. The goal of this paper is to show how CSR programs affect consumers’ purchasing intention in the context of Pakistan. In addition, the effect of customer awareness has been studied as a moderator between CSR and purchasing intention. To this end, the study has conducted a survey and gathered Pakistani customers’ responses, and structural equation modeling has been used to evaluate the results. The study concludes that CSR activities favorably affect customer purchasing intentions directly as well as indirectly through improving brand image and trust, and customer awareness of CSR activities plays a moderating role. The implications and future research directions are discussed.

scholarly journals Internal Corporate Responsibility as a Legitimacy Strategy for Branding and Employee Retention: A Perspective of Higher Education Institutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Amir Ikram ◽  
Muhammad Fiaz ◽  
Asif Mahmood ◽  
Ayyaz Ahmad ◽  
Rafiya Ashfaq
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Employee Retention ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Organizational System ◽  
Internal Branding ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The City

Branding activities provide space to create internal culture, processes and a kind of organizational system which allows employees to use their abilities to their maximum. Internal corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities of an organization increase employee commitment, which ultimately enhances employee retention. There is a need to explore internal branding in relation to internal CSR for the sake of managing employee retention. Therefore, the study empirically examines the underlying associations among internal branding, employee retention and internal CSR. The data are collected from higher education institutions operating in the city of Lahore, Pakistan. The sample size was 377 faculties belonging to both private and public sector higher education institutions. The analysis is based on variance-based structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings reveal that the internal branding practices have a significant impact on employee’s intention to stay within the organization, and intrasample analysis suggests few comprehensible variations with respect to private and public academic institutions. The research article also provides insights to faculty, academic entrepreneurs and marketers, especially those belonging to developing countries and facing issues of branding and employee retention.

scholarly journals The Relationship of Sustainability Communication on Social Media with Banking Consumers’ Loyalty through e-WOM

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3832
Author(s):  
Gao Wei ◽  
Wang Lin ◽  
Wu Yanxiong ◽  
Yan Jingdong ◽  
Sadik Yusuf Musse
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Consumer Loyalty ◽  
Csr Communication ◽  
Prior Literature ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Impact

Prior literature has largely addressed corporate social responsibility (CSR) from outcomes related to organizational themes. However, its importance for achieving consumer-related outcomes is something that has been largely ignored by contemporary researchers. Likewise, how CSR communication through social media can create positive emotions on the part of consumers has to date been under-explored. Hence, the present study aims to fill these gaps by investigating the impact of CSR communication of an organization through social media on consumer loyalty. The study also proposes electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) as a potential mediator between this relationship. The proposed model of the present study was tested in the banking sector of a developing country. The data were collected from a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed through the structural equation modeling technique (SEM). The results of the present study validated that CSR communication of a bank through social media directly and indirectly, through e-WOM, influences consumer loyalty in a positive manner. The results of the present study will be helpful for policymakers to better understand how well-planned CSR communication of an organization on social media can lead towards better consumer-related outcomes such as consumer loyalty and e-WOM.

The Robustness of the Likelihood Ratio Chi-Square Test for Structural Equation Models: A Meta-Analysis

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Powell ◽  
William D. Schafer
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Type I Error ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Generalized Least Squares ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Type I ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Distribution Free ◽  
Projection Techniques

The robustness literature for the structural equation model was synthesized following the method of Harwell which employs meta-analysis as developed by Hedges and Vevea. The study focused on the explanation of empirical Type I error rates for six principal classes of estimators: two that assume multivariate normality (maximum likelihood and generalized least squares), elliptical estimators, two distribution-free estimators (asymptotic and others), and latent projection. Generally, the chi-square tests for overall model fit were found to be sensitive to non-normality and the size of the model for all estimators (with the possible exception of the elliptical estimators with respect to model size and the latent projection techniques with respect to non-normality). The asymptotic distribution-free (ADF) and latent projection techniques were also found to be sensitive to sample sizes. Distribution-free methods other than ADF showed, in general, much less sensitivity to all factors considered.

scholarly journals Predicting innovative work behaviors through transformational leadership

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-84
Author(s):  
Bruce Gashema
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Organizational Learning ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Important Relationship ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Innovation Behavior

To stay competitive and viable in today's rapidly evolving and highly hostile market climate, companies need to concentrate more on innovation. In this regard, the specific quality of transformational leadership has been strongly linked to organizational innovativeness. However, the purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between transformational leadership and the innovation behavior of employees. The literature review developed in the current study is fundamentally centered on how transformational leaders value innovation by facilitating organizational learning to foster innovative behavior among employees. Corporate social responsibilities as an organizational level factor that can drive employee attitudes were also examined as a moderating effect in this relationship. The rationale of the relationship of the variables is supported by both transformational leadership theory (TFL) and social exchange theory (SET). Data were collected from corporate social responsibility engaged SMEs operating in Rwanda. Using Cranach’s alpha reliability and validity were tested while structural equation modeling (SEM) was used in analyzing data. The findings of this study intend to fill some gaps in the current literature such as the introduction of CSR in the relationship between top managerial level leadership, organizational learning, and innovation behavior of employees, also introducing SET to explain such important relationship

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