International Comparative Analysis of Value Added Tax Burden

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 2319-2338
Author(s):  
Seuk-Do Kie
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
International Comparative

scholarly journals The proposal of taxation of international passenger transport with respect to the including into the travel services

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-306
Author(s):  
Milena Otavová ◽  
Veronika Sobotková
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Member States ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Council Directive ◽  
Travel Services

Generally, international passenger transport is exempt from the value added tax, in the case of air transport. International road passenger transport is however liable to taxation. However, the Council Directive on Value Added Tax contains a number of variations in the frame of the taxation of international passenger transport both for the states that joined the Community after January 1, 1978 and also for countries that were members of the Community on January 1, 1978. The international passenger transport is therefore rather problematic field due to a number of exceptions for individual Member States. It is on the providers or recipients of transport services to inform correctly about the taxation of international road transport and to pay properly the tax. The aim of the article is to evaluate the possibilities of the taxation of international passenger transport in the Czech Republic, Austria, Slovak Republic, Germany and Poland and to determine how the taxation of international passenger transport affects the tax liability and price of travel services provided in this country. From the comparative analysis it is evident that the tax paid abroad should be included in the total price of the purchased service. Based on the comparative analysis there will be a proposal for the taxation of international passenger transport so that the tax collection in the monitored countries would be simplified. The proposal recommends to unify an approach during the taxation of international passenger transport for all Member States of the European Union in order to reduce administrative costs on the part of the governments and individual entities.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VAT REFUNDS SYSTEMS TO FOREIGN TOURISTS IN ARGENTINA, COLOMBIA, ECUADOR, AND URUGUAY. THE CASE OF THE TAX-FREE SHOPPING

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley Consuelo Honajzrová Banús ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
South America ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The State ◽  
Primary Reason ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Practical Analysis ◽  
Competitiveness Index

The presented contribution focuses on describing the Value Added Tax refund to foreign tourists, specifically the Tax-Free Shopping incentive, that increases tourists’ propensity to buy retail goods where shopping can even sometimes be the primary reason for traveling. To have a practical analysis and comparison, four economies from South America were chosen. Colombia and Ecuador whose tax-refund system is entirely operated by the State and Argentina and Uruguay whose governments have decided to outsource their VAT refund service to tourists having private companies operate them. Adding to this, an evaluation of the main characteristics of these countries regarding the competitiveness of their tourism sector was gathered with data obtained from the Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI) Report (2019). The findings of this research provide a benchmark to tourism policymakers interested in assessing changes overtime on this type of incentive.

scholarly journals CUSTOMS VALUE CALCULATION PROBLEMS AMID FOREIGN TRADE ACCOUNTING, TAXATION HARMONIZATION AND USING INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Mykhailo Vasyliev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Innovative Technologies ◽  
Current State

The article is dedicated to the research of customs value calculation problems amid foreign trade accounting and taxation harmonization current state. Comparative analysis of customs value and historical costs was made. Main differences, characterizing each of the categories for its characteristics, were revealed. Measures to help improve the process of customs value calculation were offered. Ways to improve current legislation to further foreign trade accounting and taxation harmonization were defined. We suggested to use innovative technologies for solving problem. Keywords: foreign trade, customs value, customs control, customs duties, historical costs, value added tax

scholarly journals Management of Tax Burden on Value-Added Tax at the Enterprise Level

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-75
Author(s):  
Yuliya Ostapenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Business Growth ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
Enterprise Level ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Tax Payments ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities

Modern economic conditions in Ukraine are characterized by an excessive level of tax burden on business and the instability of tax legislation, which hinders the development of entrepreneurial activities of business entities. Therefore, one of the main factors of business growth is the creation of an effective and flexible mechanism for optimizing the tax burden at the enterprise level. The purpose of the article is to systematize the existing methods of management of tax burden on value-added tax at the enterprise Level, as well as to substantiate possible ways to optimize tax payments for VAT. The features of the formation of the tax burden on the activities of business entities were disclosed in the context of reforming the tax system of Ukraine. For the purpose of effective management of the value added tax burden at the enterprise, it was proposed: to organize a system of constant monitoring of the balance of funds on the electronic account, which is open for each VAT payer, in the electronic VAT administration system; to organize a control system under contracts for the receipt of commodity values (services); to establish partnerships with contractors-suppliers and buyers. In addition, to reduce the tax burden on VAT in the activities of business entities, the following measures have been proposed: to develop a calendar-schedule of payments and purchases; to coordinate advance payments and purchases with suppliers; to draw up a plan-calendar for registering your own tax invoices (tax liability) and received from the supplier (tax credit); to establish contractual relations with contractors-suppliers from the conditions of payment and registration of tax invoices stipulated in the contract.

scholarly journals From Adjustment to Apportionment in the Goods and Services Tax Act: A Comparative Analysis of the Change-In-Use Rules in Australia, Canada, and New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Mark J. Greening
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Supply Mechanism ◽  
Production And Distribution

<p>All countries that have adopted Goods and Services Tax (GST) or Value Added Tax (VAT) employ a ‘change-in-use’ mechanism to distinguish consumption from the stages of production and distribution. New Zealand’s former change-in-use rules were unique. Unlike the ‘use’ based apportionment approaches employed in Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom, New Zealand employed an adjustment approach that utilised a ‘principal purpose’ test and deemed supply mechanism. While Canada has also employed an adjustment approach for capital property, the New Zealand rules have operated differently to those in Canada. In response to criticism for being overly complex and confusing, the New Zealand change-in-use rules will adopt a new ‘use’ based apportionment approach, together with a new mechanism to constrain the number of adjustments, from 1 April 2011 for a number of taxpayers. Applying criteria identified by the Tax Working Group the performance of New Zealand’s change-in-use rules are examined, in comparison to those applied in Australia and Canada. In addition, the comparative readability of the change-in-use provisions in all three jurisdictions is examined. The paper concludes that New Zealand should adopt an apportionment approach and that the Goods and Services Tax Act should be rewritten for improved readability.</p>

scholarly journals Value Added Tax in the Aspect of Forming the Enterprise Accounting Policy

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-124
Author(s):  
Olena Matros ◽  
◽  
Liudmyla Melnyk ◽  
Svitlana Mykhailovyna ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tax Policy ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Tax Credit ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Accounting Policy

Introduction. Currently, indirect taxes play a crucial role in shaping the state’s Tax Policy and creating the legal basis for a market economy. In their composition; the value-added tax acts as one of the regulators of the redistribution of public goods and one of the main and stable sources of income to the budget; as well as a way to distribute the tax burden, which allows maintaining the economic and legal equality of taxpayers. Purpose. The aim of the research is to identify possible directions for improving the process of managing value added tax in terms of the forming the enterprise accounting policy. Results. The research has identified a number of problems on the chosen topic, including: the problem of practical application of the principle of undisputed tax credit and non-execution of court decisions; lack of predictability of changes in tax legislation; uncertainty of tax risks and possible measures to prevent them. Based on the outlined problems, opportunities have been assessed and the feasibility of reducing the tax burden on business entities under VAT has been determined. The significance of tax planning has been determined – it allows you to provide for the size of the tax obligation to be paid and control the correctness of its accrual. If new business conditions arise, planning allows you to analyze tax factors and take them into account in the process of implementing tax policy. Conclusions. The theory of taxation defines the essence and content of the tax policy of the enterprise in terms of value added tax; tax risk zones related to VAT payment have been investigated; the concept of tax risk as a special type of financial risk characterizing the possibility of unforeseen financial losses (collection of tax arrears; penalties for late payment of tax; collection of penalties; non-reimbursement of VAT at zero tax rate; inability to use VAT tax credit) related to changes in tax legislation or is the result of taxpayer activity or actions of tax authorities; proposed classification of types of tax risks by VAT depending on the reasons for their occurrence and proposed means of preventing risks associated with the calculation and payment of VAT.

scholarly journals Markup Rules And The Incidence Of A Value-Added Tax At Different Stages Of The Production And Distribution Process

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Edward L. Fitzsimmons
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Distribution Channels ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
A Value ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Distribution Process

<span>The burden of a value-added tax is distributed each time the ownership of merchandise changes as the merchandise moves down-stream through distribution channels to consumers. Other things being equal, the burden of the tax on retailers or other vendors purchasing merchandise for resale is determined by the markup rule chose by retailers or other vendors. Given the markup rules discussed, a fixed-percentage markup is shown to minimize the value-added tax burden on firms purchasing merchandise for resale.</span>

scholarly journals Estimating Value Added Tax Gap in Turkey

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 18-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebru Canıkalp ◽  
İlter Ünlükaplan ◽  
Muhammed Çelik
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Tax Administration ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Tax Gap ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

As an important issue in the fiscal structure of a country, tax gap is defined as the difference between tax burden that the taxpayer should face and the amount actually paid. In this study, tax gap was evaluated by the framework of the Value Added Tax. The reason behind this choice, i.e. Value Added Tax Gap (VAT Gap) is to make an effort to evaluate the efficiency of the tax administration, the compliance of the taxpayers and the relationship between policy gap and the compliance gap. With this aim, VAT Gap and the various methods to calculate this gap were examined. Furthermore, based on the reports by the European Commission, VAT Gap in Turkey for 1993-2014 period were estimated and evaluated by employing the top-down method.

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