scholarly journals CUSTOMS VALUE CALCULATION PROBLEMS AMID FOREIGN TRADE ACCOUNTING, TAXATION HARMONIZATION AND USING INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Mykhailo Vasyliev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Innovative Technologies ◽  
Current State

The article is dedicated to the research of customs value calculation problems amid foreign trade accounting and taxation harmonization current state. Comparative analysis of customs value and historical costs was made. Main differences, characterizing each of the categories for its characteristics, were revealed. Measures to help improve the process of customs value calculation were offered. Ways to improve current legislation to further foreign trade accounting and taxation harmonization were defined. We suggested to use innovative technologies for solving problem. Keywords: foreign trade, customs value, customs control, customs duties, historical costs, value added tax

scholarly journals The proposal of taxation of international passenger transport with respect to the including into the travel services

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-306
Author(s):  
Milena Otavová ◽  
Veronika Sobotková
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Member States ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Council Directive ◽  
Travel Services

Generally, international passenger transport is exempt from the value added tax, in the case of air transport. International road passenger transport is however liable to taxation. However, the Council Directive on Value Added Tax contains a number of variations in the frame of the taxation of international passenger transport both for the states that joined the Community after January 1, 1978 and also for countries that were members of the Community on January 1, 1978. The international passenger transport is therefore rather problematic field due to a number of exceptions for individual Member States. It is on the providers or recipients of transport services to inform correctly about the taxation of international road transport and to pay properly the tax. The aim of the article is to evaluate the possibilities of the taxation of international passenger transport in the Czech Republic, Austria, Slovak Republic, Germany and Poland and to determine how the taxation of international passenger transport affects the tax liability and price of travel services provided in this country. From the comparative analysis it is evident that the tax paid abroad should be included in the total price of the purchased service. Based on the comparative analysis there will be a proposal for the taxation of international passenger transport so that the tax collection in the monitored countries would be simplified. The proposal recommends to unify an approach during the taxation of international passenger transport for all Member States of the European Union in order to reduce administrative costs on the part of the governments and individual entities.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VAT REFUNDS SYSTEMS TO FOREIGN TOURISTS IN ARGENTINA, COLOMBIA, ECUADOR, AND URUGUAY. THE CASE OF THE TAX-FREE SHOPPING

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley Consuelo Honajzrová Banús ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
South America ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The State ◽  
Primary Reason ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Practical Analysis ◽  
Competitiveness Index

The presented contribution focuses on describing the Value Added Tax refund to foreign tourists, specifically the Tax-Free Shopping incentive, that increases tourists’ propensity to buy retail goods where shopping can even sometimes be the primary reason for traveling. To have a practical analysis and comparison, four economies from South America were chosen. Colombia and Ecuador whose tax-refund system is entirely operated by the State and Argentina and Uruguay whose governments have decided to outsource their VAT refund service to tourists having private companies operate them. Adding to this, an evaluation of the main characteristics of these countries regarding the competitiveness of their tourism sector was gathered with data obtained from the Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI) Report (2019). The findings of this research provide a benchmark to tourism policymakers interested in assessing changes overtime on this type of incentive.

scholarly journals From Adjustment to Apportionment in the Goods and Services Tax Act: A Comparative Analysis of the Change-In-Use Rules in Australia, Canada, and New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Mark J. Greening
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Supply Mechanism ◽  
Production And Distribution

<p>All countries that have adopted Goods and Services Tax (GST) or Value Added Tax (VAT) employ a ‘change-in-use’ mechanism to distinguish consumption from the stages of production and distribution. New Zealand’s former change-in-use rules were unique. Unlike the ‘use’ based apportionment approaches employed in Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom, New Zealand employed an adjustment approach that utilised a ‘principal purpose’ test and deemed supply mechanism. While Canada has also employed an adjustment approach for capital property, the New Zealand rules have operated differently to those in Canada. In response to criticism for being overly complex and confusing, the New Zealand change-in-use rules will adopt a new ‘use’ based apportionment approach, together with a new mechanism to constrain the number of adjustments, from 1 April 2011 for a number of taxpayers. Applying criteria identified by the Tax Working Group the performance of New Zealand’s change-in-use rules are examined, in comparison to those applied in Australia and Canada. In addition, the comparative readability of the change-in-use provisions in all three jurisdictions is examined. The paper concludes that New Zealand should adopt an apportionment approach and that the Goods and Services Tax Act should be rewritten for improved readability.</p>

scholarly journals Accounting for value-added tax at the enterprise: current state and ways of reform

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2(48)) ◽  
pp. 169-183
Author(s):  
L. O. Masina ◽  
А. Husiev
Keyword(s):  
Unsolved Problem ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The State ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Current State ◽  
Tax Reporting ◽  
Tax Accounting

The article studies the theoretical and methodological foundations of value-added tax accounting at the enterprise. The main stages of the accounting process related to the calculation and payment of value-added tax are considered. The basic principles of application of the system of accounting accounts in terms of value-added tax are determined. The current methodology for displaying value-added tax in financial and tax reporting is analyzed. The ways of reforming the accounting of value-added tax are proposed.             The relevance of the problem of accounting for value-added tax is due to the significant importance of this tax for the state budget, as well as the relatively complex methodology for its calculation. The main purpose of this article is to study the basics of the accounting process of the enterprise for value-added tax. The main unsolved problem of scientists is the lack of a unified concept regarding the reform of value-added tax accounting.

scholarly journals A comparative analysis of VAT grouping schemes from a Nordic perspective—aspects of tax avoidance and fiscal competition

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Karina Kim Egholm Elgaard
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Fiscal Competition ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Original Intention ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
Specific Tax ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Value-added tax (VAT) grouping schemes, whereby several legally independent entities are treated as a single taxable person for VAT purposes, are well known, though their detailed rules differ from country to country. This article deals with specific tax avoidance and fiscal competition aspects of VAT grouping schemes in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. The article gives examples of tax abuse and avoidance by using various VAT grouping models, with the main emphasis on the practice in Denmark, which may be indicative of similar problems in other countries. The article shows that there are significant differences in the rationales for national VAT grouping schemes, and these indicate that there are mismatches between the national schemes of the EU Member States and the original intention of the EU scheme. Finally, an examination of the different national rationales shows the necessity of striking a balance between combating tax avoidance and preventing distortion of competition.

scholarly journals PROBLEMATIC ASPECTS OF ACCOUNTING FOR NON-CURRENT AND CURRENT TANGIBLE ASSETS IN BUDGETARY INSTITUTIONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 193-204
Author(s):  
Volodymyr METELYTSYA ◽  
Natalia KOVAL
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Current State ◽  
Tangible Assets ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Budgetary Institutions ◽  
European Standards ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Taxation System

This article examines the current state of accounting support for current and non-current tangible assets in budgetary institutions. The analysis of the receipt of non-current tangible assets allowed us to focus on the issue of stagnation of the value criterion when assigning the asset to fixed assets or other non-current tangible assets. The application of the value criterion is currently an imperfect method of grouping non-current tangible assets by classification groups, because the definition of an asset in some cases depends on the supplier's taxation system. The definition of this problem allowed to suggest ways to solve it, where the first proposal is to refuse to separate value added tax from the price of the asset, and the second is to determine the asset by groups based on its properties without reference to its value. Each of the proposed proposals has its advantages, but given the inflationary factors and the instability of economic processes, the grouping of non-current tangible assets should be done by analyzing the characteristics, properties of the asset without reference to its value. The second part of this article is devoted to the study of the method of disposal of stocks received as a result of intra-departmental movement within the authorized body. It is established that this type of stocks has its own specifics associated with its receipt in the field of management and use in the activities of budgetary institutions. Taking into account these factors, the article proposes to legislate the disposal of this type of stock only by using the method of identified cost of the relevant unit of stock. This will ensure the reliability of the financial and budgetary reporting not only in a particular budgetary institution, but also in general by the authorized body. The proposed improvements in the accounting of non-current and current tangible assets will improve the financial and budgetary reporting of budgetary institutions, bring budgetary accounting to international and European standards, as well as improve the quality of planning in budgetary institutions.

Development of the regulatory function of VAT in Russia: prospects for borrowing the Chinese tax refund practices

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 178-198
Author(s):  
Olga M. Karpova ◽  
Igor A. Mayburov
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Regulatory Control ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
The Third ◽  
Chinese Model

This article discusses the possible directions for the development of the regulatory function of the value-added tax (VAT) in Russia. The relevance of the study lies in the need to expand the set of tools to support the Russian exports. The aim of this work is to identify the possible directions for the development of the regulatory function of VAT. The authors consider the functions of taxes and prove their thesis about the multifunctionality of VAT. They have distinguished four tax functions: fiscal, regulatory, control, and distribution — and provided the characteristics of each of them. The features of the implementation of the regulatory function of VAT in China are considered. A key feature of the Chinese model is the application of differentiated rates to VAT refund amounts for exporting companies. This practice was introduced a year after the introduction of VAT and today is used as a tool to stimulate (or discourage) foreign trade companies. In addition, the authors have identified three possible ways to use the Chinese experience in Russian conditions. The first direction involves differentiating the amounts of VAT deductions within the framework of the operation of the automated VAT control system (version 2): the most reliable companies receive the most deductions and vice versa. The second area involves the differentiation of VAT deduction amounts within the framework of industry charters: the most trustworthy organizations in the industry receive the largest deductions and vice versa. The third area involves the differentiation of VAT deductions in the framework of national projects: the largest deductions are provided for priority categories of goods. To work in each of these directions, the authors propose a system of export coefficients. An assessment is given of possible distortion of the principle of VAT neutrality, which will inevitably occur when the role of the regulatory function is enhanced.

scholarly journals Features of the current state of development of pipeline enterprises containing the "Ukrtruboprom" association

2019 ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
L. P. Ksaverchuk ◽  
A. F. Grynev ◽  
R. M. Korol ◽  
M. A. Myronenko
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Production Management ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Metallurgical Industry ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Pipe Production ◽  
Current State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Metal Products ◽  
Methods Of Control

Purpose. Analysis of the development of metallurgical pipe enterprises of Ukraine, which are under the auspices of the association "Ukrtruboprom" at the beginning of 2019. A clear demonstration of trends in the development of the metallurgical industry in our country. Justification of proposals for a set of measures to overcome the negative trends in the pipe industry of Ukraine. The technique. When writing the article, a comparative analysis method was used to substantiate recommendations for overcoming negative phenomena in the pipe industry in Ukraine. Results. The article shows the dynamics of the development of the pipe industry in the country over the past year, with an emphasis on the domestic market. Recommendations for overcoming the negative trend of development of metallurgical enterprises, which are under the auspices of the association "Ukrtruboprom", in particular in the domestic market, are presented. The importance of introducing an automatic value added tax reimbursement system for exporting enterprises, as well as increasing the level of wages at pipe enterprises in Ukraine, was emphasized. Scientific novelty. The importance of the practical application of methods of control theory, in particular, the method of comparative analysis, was confirmed. This made it possible to formulate a series of step-by-step measures aimed at a comprehensive solution to the problems existing in the domestic pipe industry in Ukraine. Practical value. The information presented in this article will be of interest to a wide range of researchers and practitioners who are interested in the general trend of the development of pipe enterprises in Ukraine. Understanding the depth of the problems of domestic consumption of metal products in modern Ukraine is the first step towards solving them in the future. Keywords: association of enterprises "Ukrtruboprom", pipe production, management, development, internal and external markets for products

scholarly journals Компаративна анализа пореза на потрошњу у земљама бивше Југославије // A comparative analysis of consumption taxes in former Yugoslav countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Славен Савић
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Final Consumption ◽  
Tax Systems ◽  
Consumption Taxes ◽  
Excise Duties

Резиме: У савременим пореским системима порези на потрошњу заузимају значајно место. Посебно је то важно у случају пореза на додату вредност, иако и акцизе у значајној мери доприносе пуњењу државног буџета. Ако се постави одговарајућа законска регулатива ових пореза, а посебно уколико се они правилно примењују, ефекти не могу изостати. Међутим, значај неког пореског облика не може се посматрати искључиво са фискалног аспекта. Једнако важно питање је и њихово учешће у бруто друштвеном производу, као и у личној и финалној потрошњи. Овај рад има за циљ да на основу компаративне анализе пореских система међусобно сличних, а опет различитих земаља, идентификује факторе који су доводили до разлика у динамици кретања одређених пореских категорија у анализираним земљама.Summary: In modern tax systems consumption taxes occupy a significant place. This is particularly important in the case of value added tax, although excise duties approximately equally contribute to filling the country’s budget. If appropriate legislation of these taxes is set, and especially if they are properly implemented, the effects can not be excluded. However, the importance of some form of taxation can not be viewed solely from a fiscal point of view. Equally important is the question of their participation in the gross domestic product, as well as in personal and final consumption. The purpose of this study is to provide comparative analysis of tax systems in several similar, yet different countries, identifying the factors that have led to differences in the dynamics of the movement of certain tax categories in the analyzed countries.

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