scholarly journals Distribution and use of brood-rearing and moulting sites of the Atlantic population of Canada Geese (Branta canadensis) in Nunavik, Quebec

2015 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
Richard C. Cotter
Keyword(s):  
Branta Canadensis ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Canada Geese ◽  
Nesting Ecology ◽  
Brood Rearing ◽  
Atlantic Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Shallow Bay ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Coastal Lowlands

The Atlantic population of Canada Geese (Branta canadensis) nests in the coastal lowlands of eastern Hudson Bay and southwestern Ungava Bay in Nunavik, Quebec. Although many aspects of the nesting ecology of this and other northern populations of Canada Geese have been studied and published, there is a paucity of information on the use of brood-rearing and moulting sites. Based on 18 years of band and recapture data from an ongoing banding program, this paper presents the distribution of brood-rearing and moulting sites and the use of these sites over time. Along Hudson Bay and Ungava Bay, the most important brood-rearing and moulting areas are the stretch of coastal lowlands between the Mariet River and Shallow Bay and between Rivière aux Feuilles and Virgin Lake, respectively. Of all adult geese captured during the banding program (n = 41 924), 7.5% (standard error [SE] 0.13%) were recaptures, that is, birds that had previously been caught and banded; annual recapture rates ranged from 5.1% to 11.4%. The mean and median distances between the site of first recapture and the original site of capture were 4.3 km (SE 0.22 km) and 1.5 km, respectively. Juveniles moved, on average, 5.4 km farther than adults and males moved 1.4 km farther than females. Among geese banded as juveniles, males moved twice as far as females: 11.5 km versus 5.7 km.

The costs of raising nidifugous offspring: brood rearing by giant Canada geese (Branta canadensis maxima)

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura M. Seddon ◽  
Thomas D. Nudds
Keyword(s):  
Brood Size ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Branta Canadensis ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Canada Geese ◽  
Predator Detection ◽  
Brood Rearing ◽  
Competing Hypotheses ◽  
Branta Canadensis Maxima ◽  
Time Spent Feeding

Competing hypotheses that have been advanced to explain the phenomenon of posthatch brood mixing by waterfowl can be distinguished by whether they assume that adults experience costs in rearing nidifugous offspring. To test this, time budget data were collected for giant Canada geese (Branta canadensis maxima) at Cambridge, Ontario, in 1990. Breeding adults with broods devoted more time to vigilance (p = 0.001) and less time to feeding (p = 0.001) than adults that hatched clutches but were without broods, suggesting a cost to rearing nidifugous young. However, as goslings matured, parents allocated less time to vigilance (p < 0.001) and more time to locomotion (p = 0.005), and time spent feeding did not change (p = 0.336). In addition, brood size did not affect the time parents allocated to vigilance (p = 0.543) or feeding (p = 0.727), suggesting that caring for additional young has negligible effects on parents. Goslings were selective about the adult with which they associated (they were positioned closer to females than to males), but neither brood size nor brood age affected the feeding time of goslings (p = 0.94 and 0.76, respectively) or time spent vigilant (p = 0.22 and 0.69, respectively), suggesting that goslings gained no obvious advantage from greater foraging opportunities or better predator detection by congregating in larger broods.

scholarly journals Feeding Ecology of Canada Geese (Branta Canadensis Interior) in Sub-Arctic Inland Tundra During Brood-Rearing

The Auk ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Christine Cadieux ◽  
Gilles Gauthier ◽  
R. John Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Branta Canadensis ◽  
Canada Geese ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Brood Rearing ◽  
Branta Canadensis Interior ◽  
Sedge Meadows

AbstractThe diet of adult Canada Geese (Branta canadensis interior) and their goslings was determined during the brood-rearing season in a freshwater tundra habitat using esophageal contents from 25 adult females, 27 adult males, and 59 goslings. Habitat use by geese and the availability and quality of aboveground biomass in wet sedge meadows and around ponds in lichen-heath tundra were also evaluated throughout the summer. During the first four weeks of brood-rearing, adult Canada Geese ate primarily graminoids (>65%), especially leaves of the short form of Carex aquatilis and Eriophorum spp., which had the highest nitrogen concentration (2.5–3.5%). Although graminoids were also important for goslings, they consumed a greater variety of other plant species (68%) than adults, especially in the first two weeks, possibly because of their inexperience. Late in the brood-rearing period, as the nitrogen concentration of graminoid plants declined, adults shifted to a diet composed mainly of berries (>40%, mostly Empetrum nigrum). At that time, goslings consumed fewer berries (24%) and maintained a higher proportion of nitrogen-rich plants in their diet (53% leaves, mostly graminoids) than adults, presumably to complete their growth. Plant species consumed by geese over the summer indicated a preference for high-quality plants (i.e. those with a high nitrogen concentration). Consequently, wet sedge meadow, the habitat that offered plant species of highest quality, was the habitat most heavily used throughout the summer, particularly around peak hatch. Goose grazing had no effect on seasonal production of aboveground biomass of graminoids, probably because of the relatively low density of the goose population.Écologie alimentaire de Branta canadensis interior pendant la période d’élevage des jeunes dans un milieu d’eau douce sub-arctique

scholarly journals Identification of Source Population for Greenland Canada Geese: Genetic Assessment of a Recent Colonization

The Condor ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 771-782
Author(s):  
Kim T. Scribner ◽  
Richard A. Malecki ◽  
Bruce D. J. Batt ◽  
Rainy L. Inman ◽  
Scot Libants ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
North American ◽  
Satellite Telemetry ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Branta Canadensis ◽  
Source Population ◽  
Canada Geese ◽  
Atlantic Population ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic

AbstractWe used microsatellite markers, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and satellite telemetry to infer the North American geographic origin and racial composition of Canada Geese (Branta canadensis) from newly colonized habitats in Greenland. Using likelihood-based assignment tests we determined that multilocus genotypes of Greenland Canada Geese were consistent with the hypothesis of origin from birds of the Atlantic Population breeding around southern Ungava Bay, Quebec, Canada. The Atlantic Population, based on previous studies of seasonal movements and demography, appeared to be reproductively isolated from the North Atlantic Population. We found that these two populations were genetically differentiated based on microsatellite allele and mtDNA haplotype frequencies. Findings of high levels of genetic discordance among North American breeding populations are consistent with migratory movements, despite high levels of distributional overlap of birds from the North Atlantic and Atlantic Populations during migration and on wintering areas. Findings based on genetic markers were concordant with satellite telemetry conducted during spring migration, which showed that birds destined for Greenland migrate through the southern Ungava Bay breeding colony. Genetic differences among these populations are useful for addressing other issues of ecological or management concern.Identificación de la Población Fuente de los Gansos Branta canadensis de Groenlandia: Evaluación Genética de una Colonización RecienteResumen. Utilizamos marcadores microsatélites, ADN mitocondrial (ADNmt), y telemetría de satélite para inferir el origen geográfico en Norte América y la composición racial de los gansos Branta canadensis en hábitats recientemente colonizados en Groenlandia. Mediante pruebas de asignación basadas en verosimilitud, determinamos que los genotipos multilocus de los gansos de Groenlandia eran consistentes con la hipótesis de origen de aves de la población del Atlántico que se reproduce alrededor del sur de Ungava Bay, Quebec, Canadá. Con base en estudios previos de movimientos estacionales y demografía, la población del Atlántico pareció estar aislada reproductivamente de la población del Atlántico Norte. Encontramos que estas dos poblaciones son genéticamente diferentes en términos de frecuencias alélicas de microsatélites y haplotipos de ADNmt. El hallazgo de altos niveles de discordancia genética entre poblaciones reproductivas norteamericanas es consistente con los movimientos migratorios, a pesar de los altos niveles de superposición de las distribuciones de aves de las poblaciones del Atlántico y el Atlántico Norte durante la migración y en las áreas de invernada. Los resultados basados en los marcadores genéticos concordaron con la telemetría satelital llevada a cabo durante la migración de primavera, la cual mostró que las aves con destino a Groenlandia migran a través del sur de la colonia reproductiva de Ungava Bay. Las diferencias genéticas entre estas poblaciones son útiles para abordar otros asuntos de interés ecológico o de manejo.

scholarly journals Glaucous Gull Predation of Goslings on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska

The Condor ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-298
Author(s):  
Timothy D. Bowman ◽  
Robert A. Stehn ◽  
Kim T. Scribner
Keyword(s):  
Aerial Survey ◽  
Branta Canadensis ◽  
Canada Goose ◽  
Canada Geese ◽  
Brood Rearing ◽  
Anser Albifrons ◽  
Stratified Sample ◽  
Larus Hyperboreus ◽  
Survey Estimates ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract Glaucous Gulls (Larus hyperboreus) nesting on the Yukon-Kuskokwim (Y-K) Delta frequently prey on juvenile waterfowl. We collected 434 Glaucous Gulls from late June to early August 1994 to examine diet. Identification of undigested prey tissue, based on DNA microsatellite loci, showed three species of goslings in gull stomachs: Emperor Goose (Chen canagica), White-fronted Goose (Anser albifrons), and Cackling Canada Goose (Branta canadensis minima). Gulls that nested inland and were collected >1.6 km from the coast accounted for approximately 70% of the total gull predation on Emperor and Canada Geese, and 96% on White-fronted Geese. Our stratified sample of gull stomachs and aerial survey estimates of population size and distribution of gulls and juvenile geese enabled extrapolation of species-specific predation rates to the entire Y-K Delta. We estimated that a minimum of 21 000 Emperor Goose, 34 000 Canada Goose, and 16 000 White- fronted Goose goslings were consumed by 12 600 Glaucous Gulls during the brood-rearing period on the Y-K Delta in 1994. Minimum estimated take by gulls represented 33% of Cackling Canada Goose, 47% of Emperor Goose, and 39% of White-fronted Goose eggs estimated to have hatched in the same area as gull collections. Gulls selected the three species of geese approximately in proportion to their abundance. Although gull predation caused significant gosling mortality, its role in regulating goose populations on Y-K Delta remains unresolved. Depredación de Pichones de Gansos por Gaviotas Larus hyperboreus en el Delta del Yukon-Kuskokwim, Alaska Resumen. Las gaviotas Larus hyperboreus que nidifican en el delta del Yukon-Kuskokwim (Y-K) depredan aves acuáticas juveniles con frecuencia. Para examinar su dieta, colectamos 434 gaviotas de esta especie entre finales de junio y principios de agosto de 1994. Identificamos los tejidos de presas no digeridos con base en loci de ADN microsatelital y encontramos pichones de tres especies de gansos (Chen canagica, Anser albifrons y Branta canadensis minima) en los estómagos de las gaviotas. Las gaviotas que estaban nidificando tierra adentro y que fueron colectadas a más de 1.6 km de la costa representaron aproximadamente el 70% del total de las depredaciones de C. canagica y B. canadensis y el 96% de las de A. albifrons. Nuestra muestra estratificada de estómagos de gaviotas, junto con estimaciones del tamaño poblacional de las gaviotas y gansos juveniles hechas mediante censos desde el aire, permitieron hacer extrapolaciones de tasas de depredación especie- específicas para todo el delta Y-K. Los números estimados mínimos de pichones depredados por 12 600 gaviotas en el delta durante el período de cría de 1994 fueron 21 000 C. canagica, 34 000 B. canadensis y 16 000 A. albifrons. Estimamos que en lás áreas en que fueron colectadas, las gaviotas consumieron como mínimo el 33%, 47% y 39% del número estimado de huevos allí eclosionados de B. canadensis, C. canagica y A. albifrons, respectivamente. Las gaviotas seleccionaron a las tres especies de gansos aproximadamente en proporción a su abundancia. Aunque la depredación por gaviotas causó una mortalidad significativa de los pichones, aún debe determinarse su papel en la regulación de las poblaciones de gansos en el delta Y-K.

scholarly journals Kinetic analysis and optimisation of 18F-rhPSMA-7.3 PET imaging of prostate cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Malaspina ◽  
Vesa Oikonen ◽  
Anna Kuisma ◽  
Otto Ettala ◽  
Kalle Mattila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Disease ◽  
Uptake Kinetics ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Post Injection ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pet Radiopharmaceutical ◽  
Time Frames ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Purpose This phase 1 open-label study evaluated the uptake kinetics of a novel theranostic PET radiopharmaceutical, 18F-rhPSMA-7.3, to optimise its use for imaging of prostate cancer. Methods Nine men, three with high-risk localised prostate cancer, three with treatment-naïve hormone-sensitive metastatic disease and three with castration-resistant metastatic disease, underwent dynamic 45-min PET scanning of a target area immediately post-injection of 300 MBq 18F-rhPSMA-7.3, followed by two whole-body PET/CT scans acquired from 60 and 90 min post-injection. Volumes of interest (VoIs) corresponding to prostate cancer lesions and reference tissues were recorded. Standardised uptake values (SUV) and lesion-to-reference ratios were calculated for 3 time frames: 35–45, 60–88 and 90–118 min. Net influx rates (Ki) were calculated using Patlak plots. Results Altogether, 44 lesions from the target area were identified. Optimal visual lesion detection started 60 min post-injection. The 18F-rhPSMA-7.3 signal from prostate cancer lesions increased over time, while reference tissue signals remained stable or decreased. The mean (SD) SUV (g/mL) at the 3 time frames were 8.4 (5.6), 10.1 (7) and 10.6 (7.5), respectively, for prostate lesions, 11.2 (4.3), 13 (4.8) and 14 (5.2) for lymph node metastases, and 4.6 (2.6), 5.7 (3.1) and 6.4 (3.5) for bone metastases. The mean (SD) lesion-to-reference ratio increases from the earliest to the 2 later time frames were 40% (10) and 59% (9), respectively, for the prostate, 65% (27) and 125% (47) for metastatic lymph nodes and 25% (19) and 32% (30) for bone lesions. Patlak plots from lesion VoIs signified almost irreversible uptake kinetics. Ki, SUV and lesion-to-reference ratio estimates showed good agreement. Conclusion 18F-rhPSMA-7.3 uptake in prostate cancer lesions was high. Lesion-to-background ratios increased over time, with optimal visual detection starting from 60 min post-injection. Thus, 18F-rhPSMA-7.3 emerges as a very promising PET radiopharmaceutical for diagnostic imaging of prostate cancer. Trial Registration NCT03995888 (24 June 2019).

scholarly journals A New Multiplatform Model for Outpatient Prenatal and Postpartum Care in a Cohort of COVID-19-Affected Obstetric Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5144
Author(s):  
Mar Muñoz-Chápuli Gutiérrez ◽  
Ana Durán-Vila ◽  
Javier Ruiz-Labarta ◽  
Pilar Payá-Martínez ◽  
Pilar Pintado Recarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Good Adherence ◽  
Major Morbidity ◽  
Reference Hospital ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Discharge From Hospital ◽  
Over Time

Spain was one of the epicenters of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. We describe in this article the design and results of a new telephone-and-telematic multiplatform model of systematic prenatal and postpartum follow-up for COVID-19-affected women implemented in a tertiary reference hospital in Madrid. We included patients with RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 during pregnancy or delivery from 10 March 2020 to 15 December 2020. We had a total of 211 obstetric patients: 148 (70.1%) were tested at the onset of suspicious clinical manifestations and 62 (29.4%) were tested in the context of routine screening. Of all the patients, 60 women (28.4%) were asymptomatic and 97 (46%) presented mild symptoms. Fifty-one women (24.2%) were admitted to our hospital for specific treatment because of moderate or severe symptoms. We had no missed cases and a good adherence. The mean number of calls per patient was 2.3. We performed 55 in-person visits. We analyzed the complexity of our program over time, showing a two-wave-like pattern. One patient was identified as needing hospitalization and we did not record major morbidity. Telemedicine programs are a strong and reproducible tool to reach to pregnant population affected by COVID-19, to assess its symptoms and severity, and to record for pregnancy-related symptoms both in an outpatient regime and after discharge from hospital.

Adaptors and Innovators: Selection versus Induction

1991 ◽  
Vol 68 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1283-1290 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Holland ◽  
I. Bowskill ◽  
A. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Occupational Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
New Entrants ◽  
Innovative Cognitive Style ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Established Group

The hypothesis that predictable differences would exist between the mean cognitive style of new entrants and those of the longer serving “established” employees in certain departments while not in others was tested. Data from 99 employees from four departments of a large British pharmaceuticals company who completed the Kirton Adaption-Innovation Inventory provided results broadly in line with the expectations of adaption-innovation theory and past research. The mean innovative cognitive style of new entrants to adaptive departments regressed towards the mean of the establishment and the occupational mean over time. In departments where there was no initial significant difference between the mean cognitive style of the new entrants and the established group, no significant shift was shown over time. Implications of these findings are suggested. The data also indicated norms for two occupational groups where previously they did not exist.

The underrepresentation of female participants in studies assessing the impact of high-dose exercise on cardiovascular outcomes: a scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Pallikadavath ◽  
R Patel ◽  
CL Kemp ◽  
M Hafejee ◽  
N Peckham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Cardiovascular Outcomes ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Funding Acknowledgements

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Introduction Cardiovascular adaptations as a result of exercise conducted at high-intensity and high-volume are often termed the ‘Athlete’s heart’. Studies have shown that these cardiovascular adaptations vary between sexes. It is important that both sexes are well represented in this literature. However, many studies assessing the impact of high-dose exercise on cardiovascular outcomes under-recruit female participants. Purpose This scoping review aimed to evaluate the representation of females in studies assessing the impact of high-dose exercise on cardiovascular outcomes and demonstrate how this has changed over time. Methods The scoping review protocol as outlined by Arksey and O’Malley was used. OVID and EMBASE databases were searched and studies independently reviewed by two reviewers. Studies must have investigated the effects of high-dose exercise on cardiovascular outcomes. To assess how the recruitment of females has changed over time, two methods were used. One, the median study date was used to categorise studies into two groups. Two, studies were divided into deciles to form ten equal groups over the study period. Mean percentage of female recruitment and percentage of studies that failed to include females were calculated. Results Overall, 250 studies were included. Over half the studies (50.8%, n = 127) did not include female participants. Only 3.2% (n = 8) did not include male participants. Overall, mean percentage recruitment was 18.2%. The mean percentage of recruitment was 14.5% before 2011 and 21.8% after 2011. The most recent decile of studies demonstrated the highest mean percentage of female recruitment (29.3%) and lowest number of studies that did not include female participants (26.9%). Conclusion Female participants are significantly underrepresented in studies assessing cardiovascular outcomes caused by high-dose exercise. The most recent studies show that female recruitment may be improving, however, this still falls significantly short for equal representation. Risk factors, progression and management of cardiovascular diseases vary between sexes, hence, translating findings from male dominated data is not appropriate. Future investigators should aim to establish barriers and strategies to optimise fair recruitment. Mean percentage females recruited per study (%) Percentage studies that do not include women (%) Overall (n = 250) 18.2 50.8 (n = 127) Studies before 2011 (n = 121) 14.5 59.5 (n = 72) Studies after 2011 (n = 129) 21.8 42.6 (n = 55) Table 1: Female recruitment characteristics. The year 2011 (median study year) was chosen as this divides all included studies into two equal groups.

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