scholarly journals The effectiveness of the use of the drug recombinant interferon alfa-2b for the prevention of acute respiratory infections in preschool children

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
S. A. Drakina ◽  
N. K. Perevoschikova ◽  
I. A. Seliverstov
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Interferon Α ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Perinatal Factors ◽  
Recombinant Interferon ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Epidemic Period ◽  
Ifn Γ

Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are the most common diseases of children, the main reasons for which are the age-related characteristics of the immune response, exacerbated by adverse perinatal factors, allergies, and increased contact with potential pathogens (the beginning of visits to preschool institutions, etc.).Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of the drug recombinant interferon α-2b to reduce the incidence of acute respiratory infections in preschool children.Throughout the year, there were 50 children under observation (average age 29.2 ± 0.97 months) attending preschool institutions. Recombinant interferon α-2b, ointment — VIFERON® 2500 IU 2 times a day for 14 days, in the next 4 weeks — 2500 IU 2 times a day 3 times a week was used for 25 children of the main group for the prevention of ARI in the pre-epidemic period.Results: The use of recombinant interferon α-2b in children of the main group showed a statistically significant decrease in the incidence of ARI, pneumonia, otitis, and the disappearance of pathological symptoms in the nasopharynx. An increase in the level of antiviral cytokines (IFN-α, p = 0.0088, IFN-γ, p = 0.0014) and a decrease in the concentration of pro-inflammatory (IL-1β, p = 0.0072) were recorded. Carriage of S. aureus, S. epidermidis, Candida albicans decreased by 2 times. Decrease in titer of antibodies to Str. pyogenes (p = 0.0251), Str. pneumoniae (p = 0.0491), Branchamella catarrhalis (p = 0.0369), Haemophilus influenzae (p = 0.0251) indicates a decrease in the sensitization of the child's organism to microbial antigens.

Rational therapy for acute respiratory infections in young children with recombinant interferon alfa-2b

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
E.V. Obraztsova ◽  
◽  
E.G. Golovacheva ◽  
L.V. Osidak ◽  
O.I. Afanasieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Interferon Α ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Recombinant Interferon ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Interferon Status ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections

Influenza and acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) remain a global health problem worldwide, and therefore the search for effective means of prevention and treatment of these diseases is extremely urgent. Objective. To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of a drug form of recombinant human IFN alpha-2b in combination with a complex of antioxidants (Viferon®-suppositories) in children with ARVI. Patients and methods. Clinical and laboratory studies were conducted in 100 children (toddlers up to 3 years old), hospitalized in St. Olga's children hospital No 4 with a diagnosis of influenza or ARVI. The etiology of diseases was established using serological methods and immunofluorescence analysis; the immune and interferon status was determined. VIFERON®-suppositories were used rectally daily in age-related dosages. The effectiveness of therapy was evaluated by comparative analysis of disease symptoms, as well as laboratory indicators – immune and interferon status. Results. The use of VIFERON® – suppositories contributed to reducing intoxication and catarrhal symptoms, speeding up the recovery time of patients. After the treatment, the children's ability to produce IFN-α and – γ, as well, as sIgA content in nasal secretions, increased, but there was no marked enhancement in serum IL-1β, IL-8 levels, whereas the children in the control group and in 30% of cases occurred to change them. The use of the medicine did not cause any complaints in patients and staff. Conclusion. Data from clinical and laboratory studies of children hospitalized for ARVI, whose therapy included the VIFERON® – suppositories, indicate a significant therapeutic effect of this medicine and restoration of the immune and interferon defense systems of patients. Keywords: children, acute respiratory viral infections, recombinant interferon α-2b, immune status, interferon status, antiviral therapy, cytokines IL-1β, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α

Antiviral therapy for acute respiratory infections: the role of recombinant interferon type I

Pharmateca ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1_2019 ◽  
pp. 84-88
Author(s):  
V.A. Bulgakova () Bulgakova ◽  
E.N. Kareva ( Kareva ◽  
) ) ◽  
T.E. Privalova ( Privalova ◽  
) ) ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Therapy ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Type I ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Recombinant Interferon

scholarly journals Subacute cough in preschool children: differential diagnostics and differentiated therapy under ambulatory practice

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-55
Author(s):  
S.A. Mokiya–Serbina ◽  
◽  
T.V. Litvinova ◽  
N.I. Zabolotnyaya ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Evidence Based Medicine ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Differential Diagnostics ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Outpatient Practice ◽  
Based Medicine

The multifactorial nature of subacute cough, combined with the anatomical and physiological characteristics of preschool children, the impossibility of their full examination in outpatient practice, complicates its diagnosis. An algorithm for the differential diagnosis of acute respiratory infections accompanied by subacute cough in preschool children has been developed, it can contribute to the early identification of its causes and targeted treatment of the disease that caused the cough. A sequence of diagnostic measures is proposed, it includes anamnesis of life and diseases with a list of key questions that should be asked when collecting anamnesis in children with prolonged cough; objective examination of the child; determination of the tactics of further management (inpatient or outpatient); the choice of therapy that is comparable to the intended diagnosis; and evaluation of ongoing therapy. The emphasis is made on the importance of a full-fledged collection of anamnesis, taking into account the data of the time and conditions of the disease, and clinical data for making a presumptive diagnosis in an outpatient practice. It is recommended to carry out trial therapy if the diagnosis is difficult. The article presents modern approaches to the diagnosis of bronchial asthma in children with recurrent virus-induced vising. The modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of acute respiratory infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract are outlined in accordance with the principles of evidence-based medicine. It is noted that the most effective methods of treating cough are etiological and pathogenetic approaches, which consist in eliminating or weakening the action of factors that cause cough. It is emphasized that if treatment is impossible or insufficient, symptomatic cough therapy should be carried out. The main directions of symptomatic treatment of cough have been substantiated, which include measures to improve the drainage function of the lungs and restore adequate mucociliary clearance. The expediency of using ambroxol and acetylcysteine preparations was confirmed. Attention is also paid to the use of centrally acting antitussives. Discussion of the problem «to treat or not to treat subacute cough in acute respiratory infection of the upper respiratory tract» from the standpoint of evidence-based medicine is shown. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: children, subacute cough, acute respiratory infections.

Preventive anti-inflammatory therapy during the acute respiratory infections in children with mild and moderate bronchial asthma

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
V.A. Revyakina ◽  
◽  
I.A. Larkova ◽  
E.D. Kuvshinova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
External Respiration ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Period ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Objective. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of using anti-inflammatory drugs based on ammonium glycyrrhizinate (AG) (Reglisam, CJSC “VIFITECH”, Russia) in children with BA in the acute period of ARI. Patients and methods. Under observation there were 42 children (from 6 to 10 years old) with a diagnosis of BA in the acute period of ARI (1–2 days from the beginning of clinical manifestations). Patients were randomized into the main group – 20 patients who were prescribed the drug ammonium glycyrrhizinate (Reglisam) in addition to symptomatic ARI therapy, and the control group – 22 children who were prescribed only symptomatic ARI therapy. The observation period was 14 days with 2 checkpoints (1st and 14th days), when the following parameters were evaluated: general clinical examination; asthma symptoms; PCR diagnostics of acute respiratory viral infection and influenza pathogens; external respiration and BA control test (C-ACT), administration of additional medications and development of adverse events. Results. There was a decrease in the average scores of daily and night symptoms of BA in the study group, both in dynamics and in comparison with the control group at visit 2 (p < 0.05). The average duration of ARI in the main group was 6.34 ± ± 1.15 days and was less than that in the control group of patients (10.95 ± 1.45 days) (p < 0.05). The average duration of the use of short-acting β2-agonists in the main group was 3.37 ± 1.05 days and was less in comparison with the control group (6.75 ± 1.6) (p < 0.05). On the 14th day of observation in the main group, the median of C-ACT parameters increased and corresponded to good control of BA, and the level of blood eosinophils decreased to normal values; in the control group, no such dynamics was found. In 78% of patients in the main group, on the 14th day of observation, the persistence of previously detected respiratory viruses and influenza was not determined, the proportion of such patients in the control group was more than 2 times less. Conclusion. The data obtained indicate the feasibility and effectiveness of the inclusion of the drug AG as a preventive therapy for children with asthma in the acute period of ARI to improve control over the course of the disease. Key words: bronchial asthma, children, therapy, ammonium glycyrrhizinate, acute respiratory infections

scholarly journals THYMUS SONOMETRY AND RECURRENT RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS IN PRESCHOOL CHIKDREN

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
O. M. Voloshin
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Recurrent Respiratory Infections ◽  
Thymus Size

Introduction. The results of scientific research that have been received so far in terms of the relationship between health status of children of various age and thymus size are controversial. On the one hand, researchers mainly from the former Soviet Union note the presence of the clear association between thymomegaly and an increased tendency to recurrent respiratory infections among preschool children. On the other hand, according to current data of world medical science, a relatively larger thymus, on the contrary, is considered to be the sign of the optimal state of child's immune system. The study aimed at clarifying of the interdependence between the thymus physical parameters and the frequency of acute respiratory infections in children aged 1-6 years. Materials and Methods. Thirty-seven children (16 boys and 21 girls) aged from one to six years, undergoing inpatient treatment on acute respiratory infection, were involved in the clinical study. Two markers of acute respiratory infections recurrence (infections index, resistance index) were taken into account and several anthropometric parameters were calculated for each child. The participants also underwent ultrasound scan. The statistical processing of the obtained primary digital material was performed by IBM SPSS Statistics 26 licensed program. Results. The thymus size was within the reference values only in 14 (37.84%) examined children. In the majority of the patients (23 (62.16%)), it was below the mentioned values. The significant exceeding the thymic index values in the children of the younger age group as compared with the older children was found. There was no difference between the boys and girls in terms of thymus volume, mass and thymic index. Conclusions. There is а moderately pronounced inverse relationship between the age of the examined children and the thymic index, according to which this index values are decreased with increasing age. The integral indicators of acute respiratory infections recurrence among the preschool children are not correlated with the studied absolute and relative sonometric thymus parameters. The thymic index values are in the closest and inverse correlation with the body surface area among all the anthropometric parameters considered in the children.

Analysis of the effectiveness of immunotherapy for early and late neuroborreliosis in children

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-94
Author(s):  
N.V. Skripchenko ◽  
◽  
G.P. Ivanova ◽  
E.Yu. Skripchenko ◽  
A.A. Vilnitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Deficit ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Interferon Α ◽  
Complete Regression ◽  
Recombinant Interferon

Immunostimulants are drugs that increase the effectiveness of antimicrobial therapy, improve outcomes, and participate in the process of repairing damaged tissues. Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of the inclusion of immunostimulants in the therapy of early and late neuroborreliosis (NB) in children: glucosaminylmuramyldipeptide (Licopid), recombinant interferon α-2b in combination with antioxidants vitamins E and C (Viferon®) and recombinant interleukin-2 (Roncoleukin). Patients and methods. Forty-two patients with NB aged 2–17 years were examined and received therapy. The diagnosis included clinical-epidemiological and laboratory-etiological methods (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR)) for Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. (Bb). Electroneuromyography was performed in early NB, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and spinal cord was performed in late NB. The main group included children with early NB (n = 13) who received 1 mg of Licopid orally and Viferon® rectal suppositories 150,000 or 500,000 IU (depending on age) twice a day for 10 days. In late NB, children in the main group (n =1 2) received drip intravenous injection of Roncoleukin №3 at a dosage of 0.5 mg for 3 days. The comparison groups included 9 children with early NB and 8 children with late NB who received antimicrobial and pathogenetic therapy without immunostimulants. Results. In early NB (n = 22), children with aseptic meningitis and Bannwarth syndrome were observed, and in late NB (n = 20) – children with leukoencephalitis and disseminated encephalomyelitis. The prescription of Licopid and Viferon® ensured the eradication of Bb in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by PCR results and led to the complete recovery of facial and peripheral nerve function in all cases, whereas in the comparison group, in 11.1% (n = 1), Bb remained in CSF on day 15, and after 6 months, a neurological deficit was detected in 2 (40%) of 5 children with Bannwarth syndrome: in the form of facial muscle contraction (n = 1) and polyneuropathy (n = 1). In late NB, the presription of Roncoleukin reduced the duration of bed days (by an average of 13 days) and mean neurological deficit on the EDSS scale after 1, 6 and 12 months. After 1 year, ¼ of children had complete regression of foci on MRI, and 41.6% (n = 5) had regression of both foci and clinical symptoms. During the year, there were no exacerbations, and CSF PCR was negative. In the comparison group, 3 (37.5%) children had clinical and/or radiation exacerbation. Conclusion. The inclusion of immunostimulants (Licopid, Viferon®) in therapy in early NB and the drug Roncoleukin in late NB accelerates the eradication of Borrelia, reduces neurological deficit, avoids exacerbations, progression of infection and repeated courses of antibiotics. Key words: neuroborreliosis, immunotherapy, Licopid, Viferon, Roncoleukin, children

Evaluation of the preventive efficacy of recombinant interferon α-2b in ambulance personnel contacting with COVID-19 patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
V.P. Vavilova ◽  
◽  
A.M. Vavilov ◽  
N.K. Perevoshchikova ◽  
S.A. Tsarkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Interferon Α ◽  
Ambulance Personnel ◽  
Local Immunity ◽  
Recombinant Interferon ◽  
Preventive Efficacy ◽  
Personal Anxiety ◽  
Rectal Suppositories

Against the background of the unfavorable situation with COVID-19, the problem of sufficient medical personnel protection when delivering professional medical care in epidemiological foci remains relevant these days. Medical personnel who are in constant contact with COVID-19 patients are subjected to a strong viral load and are at risk of infection development. In this regard, adequate disease preventive measures, in addition to personal protective equipment (PPE), should include the prescription of medications with pronounced antiviral and immunomodulatory activity. Objective. Evaluation of the preventive efficacy of the combined use of VIFERON®, rectal suppositories 1 000 000 IU together with VIFERON®, ointment 40 000 IU/g or gel 36 000 IU/g in ambulance personnel contacting with COVID-19 patients. Patients and methods. Patient groups were as follows: the first main group – 100 people used personal protective equipment (PPE) and VIFERON®, rectal suppositories (IFN a-2b) 1 000 000 IU before each work shift (10 shifts) + intranasal ointment or gel IFN a-2b during one month; the second control group – 50 people (for the prevention of SARS, PPE is used). The assessment of the content of sIgA in the nasal secretion was carried out by the method of radial immunodiffusion according to Mancini G. (1965), the study of lysozyme activity – according to the method of Dorofeychuk V.G. (1968). Determination of reactive and personal anxiety was carried out according to Spielberger–Hanin (Spielberger Ch.D., 1973; Hanin Yu.L., 1976), depression was determined according to the Zung Scale (Zung W., 1965). Statistical analysis of the results was conducted using the STATISTICA v. 12.0 software package (StatSoft Inc, USA). Results. The research studied the preventive efficacy of the combined use of recombinant interferon α-2b with antioxidants (VIFERON®), rectal suppositories, ointment and gel in medical forms in different dosages for medical workers contacting with COVID-19 patients. The studies included observation of humoral immunity indicator factors and nonspecific resistance – secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and lysozyme. In addition, a complex of studies to determine the degree of psycho-emotional disorders in medical personnel contacting with patients suffering from COVID-19 was conducted. The conducted research proved the high efficiency and safety of the use of combined dosages forms of VIFERON® as a preventive measure for medical workers who are at high risk of infection with COVID-19: a significant increase in local immunity indicators, absence of severe complications in confirmed cases of coronavirus infection and improvement of the psycho-emotional status of medical staff were shown. Conclusions. IFN a-2b in the main group has contributed to a significant decrease in the number of acute respiratory viral infections, including those caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Only one employee in the main group has undergone SARS of COVID etiology. IFN a-2b provides a protection against the development of a complicated course of the disease. Pneumonia of COVID etiology has developed in 2 medical workers in the control group. There has been a significant increase in the indicators of local immunity of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract – lysozyme and sIgA against the background of IFN a-2b. In the main group, the psychological state of medical workers has improved; situational and personal anxiety has decreased. The combined administration of VIFERON® (ointment or gel + rectal suppositories) may be recommended for widespread use among medical personnel contacting with COVID-19 patients. Key words: depression, interferon-α2b with antioxidants, interferon therapy, lysozyme, medical personnel, local immunity, psycho-emotional status, anxiety, prevention, epidemiology, COVID-19, sIgA

scholarly journals RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF PREDICTOR OF RECURRENT RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
O. M. Voloshyn ◽  
Yu. V. Marushko
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Prenatal Factors ◽  
Recurrent Respiratory Infections ◽  
Connective Tissue Dysplasia ◽  
Integral Indicator

Among the current trends in the systemic prevention of recurrent respiratory infections in preschool children is the differentiated detection and clustering of the most significant ante- and prenatal factors associated with frequent acute respiratory infections. Thus, a comprehensive retrospective investigation of such factors in terms of their association with the integral indicators of acute respiratory infections recurrence in preschool children is exceptionally relevant. The study of particular manifestations of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia during recurrent respiratory infections is of great clinical and social relevance. This study research aims at determining the levels of inter-dependency between recurrence indicators of acute respiratory infections in preschool children and ante- and prenatal predictors analyzed retrospectively. Fifty-one children (24 boys and 27 girls) aged 1 to 6 years old, undergoing inpatient treatment for acute respiratory infection, were involved in the clinical study. Two markers of acute respiratory infection recurrence (infection index, resistance index) and dolichostenomelia integral indicator, which is used as the marker of external signs of connective tissue undifferentiated dysplasia, were calculated for each child. In addition, the retrospective analysis of 67 ante- and prenatal factors directly related to the children were examined. The statistical processing of the obtained digital material was performed by IBM SPSS Statistics 26 licensed software. Only non-parametric statistics methods were applied in the purpose. The first stage of investigating the inter-dependency between the acute respiratory infections frequency, the particular manifestations of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia, on the one hand, and the ante- and prenatal predictors, on the other hand, was carried out. The results obtained provided the grounds for the further research in the outlined direction involving the higher number of patients and using the more sensitive statistical methods. The higher infectious index values in the preschool children correlate with the following factors as lower initial overall age of their parents, smaller number of their mothers’ previous pregnancies, larger mothers’ body weight at the beginning of pregnancies, longer deliveries, lower Apgar scores in the newborns and no vaccination for tuberculosis. The resistance index values in the examined children increase with the simultaneous decreasing in the haemoglobin concentration in the mothers’ blood just before the deliveries and in cases of no vaccination in newborns for tuberculosis. The dolichostenomelia integral indicator in the patients aged from 1 to 6 years directly correlates with their age as well as with such retrospectively studied predictors as the newborns body mass index, the presence of foetoplacental insufficiency and the total number of complications caused by connective tissue dysplasia in their mothers during the pregnancies and deliveries.

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