scholarly journals THYMUS SONOMETRY AND RECURRENT RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS IN PRESCHOOL CHIKDREN

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
O. M. Voloshin
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Recurrent Respiratory Infections ◽  
Thymus Size

Introduction. The results of scientific research that have been received so far in terms of the relationship between health status of children of various age and thymus size are controversial. On the one hand, researchers mainly from the former Soviet Union note the presence of the clear association between thymomegaly and an increased tendency to recurrent respiratory infections among preschool children. On the other hand, according to current data of world medical science, a relatively larger thymus, on the contrary, is considered to be the sign of the optimal state of child's immune system. The study aimed at clarifying of the interdependence between the thymus physical parameters and the frequency of acute respiratory infections in children aged 1-6 years. Materials and Methods. Thirty-seven children (16 boys and 21 girls) aged from one to six years, undergoing inpatient treatment on acute respiratory infection, were involved in the clinical study. Two markers of acute respiratory infections recurrence (infections index, resistance index) were taken into account and several anthropometric parameters were calculated for each child. The participants also underwent ultrasound scan. The statistical processing of the obtained primary digital material was performed by IBM SPSS Statistics 26 licensed program. Results. The thymus size was within the reference values only in 14 (37.84%) examined children. In the majority of the patients (23 (62.16%)), it was below the mentioned values. The significant exceeding the thymic index values in the children of the younger age group as compared with the older children was found. There was no difference between the boys and girls in terms of thymus volume, mass and thymic index. Conclusions. There is а moderately pronounced inverse relationship between the age of the examined children and the thymic index, according to which this index values are decreased with increasing age. The integral indicators of acute respiratory infections recurrence among the preschool children are not correlated with the studied absolute and relative sonometric thymus parameters. The thymic index values are in the closest and inverse correlation with the body surface area among all the anthropometric parameters considered in the children.

scholarly journals RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF PREDICTOR OF RECURRENT RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
O. M. Voloshyn ◽  
Yu. V. Marushko
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Prenatal Factors ◽  
Recurrent Respiratory Infections ◽  
Connective Tissue Dysplasia ◽  
Integral Indicator

Among the current trends in the systemic prevention of recurrent respiratory infections in preschool children is the differentiated detection and clustering of the most significant ante- and prenatal factors associated with frequent acute respiratory infections. Thus, a comprehensive retrospective investigation of such factors in terms of their association with the integral indicators of acute respiratory infections recurrence in preschool children is exceptionally relevant. The study of particular manifestations of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia during recurrent respiratory infections is of great clinical and social relevance. This study research aims at determining the levels of inter-dependency between recurrence indicators of acute respiratory infections in preschool children and ante- and prenatal predictors analyzed retrospectively. Fifty-one children (24 boys and 27 girls) aged 1 to 6 years old, undergoing inpatient treatment for acute respiratory infection, were involved in the clinical study. Two markers of acute respiratory infection recurrence (infection index, resistance index) and dolichostenomelia integral indicator, which is used as the marker of external signs of connective tissue undifferentiated dysplasia, were calculated for each child. In addition, the retrospective analysis of 67 ante- and prenatal factors directly related to the children were examined. The statistical processing of the obtained digital material was performed by IBM SPSS Statistics 26 licensed software. Only non-parametric statistics methods were applied in the purpose. The first stage of investigating the inter-dependency between the acute respiratory infections frequency, the particular manifestations of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia, on the one hand, and the ante- and prenatal predictors, on the other hand, was carried out. The results obtained provided the grounds for the further research in the outlined direction involving the higher number of patients and using the more sensitive statistical methods. The higher infectious index values in the preschool children correlate with the following factors as lower initial overall age of their parents, smaller number of their mothers’ previous pregnancies, larger mothers’ body weight at the beginning of pregnancies, longer deliveries, lower Apgar scores in the newborns and no vaccination for tuberculosis. The resistance index values in the examined children increase with the simultaneous decreasing in the haemoglobin concentration in the mothers’ blood just before the deliveries and in cases of no vaccination in newborns for tuberculosis. The dolichostenomelia integral indicator in the patients aged from 1 to 6 years directly correlates with their age as well as with such retrospectively studied predictors as the newborns body mass index, the presence of foetoplacental insufficiency and the total number of complications caused by connective tissue dysplasia in their mothers during the pregnancies and deliveries.

ANALYSIS OF THE REASONS FOR THE REFUSAL OF THE POPULATION FROM VACCINES

Vestnik ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 280-284
Author(s):  
Х. Б. Сарсенбай ◽  
А. Н. Турсынханова ◽  
Б. А. Конысов
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Recurrent Respiratory Infections ◽  
High Level ◽  
Mandatory Vaccination

Согласно данным ВОЗ, современные эпидемиологические исследования показали, что рецидивирующие респираторные инфекции у детей раннего и дошкольного возраста сохраняются на высоком уровне 10-50% в течение более 40 лет. Конец вакцинации может спровоцировать массовые инфекционные заболевания. Врачи бьют тревогу, что число отказников от обязательной вакцинации растет. Только в каждой поликлинике Алматы 30-40 родителей в год говорят о готовности к профилактике заболеваний. Среди тех, кто категорически отказывается трогать своих детей иголками, - те, кто идет по пути религии. Они считают, что прививка противоречит убеждениям. В последнее время список недовольных групп пополняют и простые жители, которые скептически относятся к квалификации белых. According to WHO, current epidemiological studies have shown that recurrent respiratory infections in young children and preschool children persist at a high level of 10-50% for more than 40 years. The end of vaccination can provoke mass infectious diseases. Doctors are sounding the alarm that the number of refusers from mandatory vaccination is growing. Only in every polyclinic in Almaty, 30-40 parents a year talk about their readiness for disease prevention. Among those who categorically refuse to touch their children with needles are those who follow the path of religion. They believe that vaccination is contrary to their beliefs. Recently, the list of discontented groups has been supplemented by ordinary residents who are skeptical about the qualifications of whites.

scholarly journals Dielectric Properties of Serum in Children with Suspected Immunodeficiency and Suffering from Recurrent Respiratory Infections

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard Pasternak ◽  
Katarzyna Pentoś ◽  
Deta Łuczycka ◽  
Maria Kaźmierowska-Niemczuk ◽  
Aleksandra Lewandowicz-Uszyńska
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Platelet Volume ◽  
Recurrent Respiratory Infections ◽  
Simple Tool ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Impedance Magnitude

Despite considerable progress in the diagnosis of various diseases, an ideal, simple tool for diagnosing patients with respiratory tract infections has not yet been invented. Many simple diagnostic tests are widely available to most doctors, provided they are aware of the prevalence of primary immunodeficiency. Other, more accurate studies are available only to immunologists. The aim of the study was to investigate the occurrence of dependence between selected physical parameters of serum such as: electrical conductivity, electrical permeability, dielectric loss factor, and selected parameters of the immune system. In addition, we have also included the ionogram (Na, K, Cl, Ca, Mg) and glucose concentration. As a result of research, the statistically significant, but very weak correlations between impedance magnitude |Z| and platelet counts (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV) and chloride ions (Cl-) were found. The statistically significant differences according |Z| between children with and without deficiency in parameters of the immune system were noticed. Values of |Z| are higher in the case of children without deficiency in parameters of the immune system. The method of impedance measurements presented in our work is significantly easier then biosensors presented by other scientists. Taking into account our results, it can be stated that this method is promising for fast and easy detection of immunological disorders.

scholarly journals Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Weight Loss and Gut Microbiota Diversity in Obese Patients on a Calorie Restrict Diet

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surong Wen ◽  
Yaojun Ni ◽  
Ziyu Liu ◽  
Xiaoqing Wang ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
The Body ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Deprivation Group ◽  
Microbiota Diversity

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of sleep deprivation (SD) on the weight loss and gut microbiota diversity in obese patients on a calorie restrict diet (CRD). Methods: Twenty obese patients who were divided into two groups: sleep deprivation group(SD group,n=10) and non-sleep deprivation group(NSD group ,n=10). All the patients received CRD for twelve weeks. Measurement of anthropometric parameters, biochemical examinations and gut microbiota detection were done at baseline and the end of week 12. MI Bands were used to monitor the sleep and exercise. Body shape parameters were measured by using the JAWON ioi353. The gut microbiota was examined by PCR in the v3-v5 region of 16S rDNA gene, and high-throughput sequencing was carried out on the Illumina Miseq platform. The operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was used for analysis. Results: 1. CRD improved the body weight (BW) , waist circumference(WC), blood pressure (BP),basal metabolic rate (BMR) ,body fat content(BFC),and Insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) in all obese patients. 2. In the NSD group, the BW, BFC, VFA, BMR and total cholesterol (TC) reduced significantly when compared with the NSD group after CRD intervention (P<0.05). 3. The Alpha diversity of gut microbiota remained unchanged after the intervention in two groups after CRD intervention. 4. There was a negative correlation between Mollicutes and BMR in the NSD group. Conclusion: The effects of CRD may be weaken by SD in weight loss and the metabolism of blood lipid. Mollicutes bacteria may be related to the weight loss after CRD intervention in obese patients.

scholarly journals Preschool Wheezing and Gastro-Esophageal Reflux: --Causal or Casual Coincidence? Update from Literature

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Melissa Borrelli ◽  
Giuliana Ponte ◽  
Erasmo Miele ◽  
Marco Maglione ◽  
Carlo Caffarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Airway Diseases ◽  
Recurrent Respiratory Infections ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Reflux Testing ◽  
Rule Out

Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and wheeze are two common conditions in children. GER has been advocated as a causative factor for explaining recurrent to persistent respiratory symptoms at any age. This association very often means that many children with cough, wheezing, or recurrent respiratory infections receive empirical anti-reflux medications. The causal relationship is still largely discussed. Compared to the large number of studies in infants and adolescents, literature on the relationship between GER and wheeze in preschool children is scarce and inconclusive. The aim of the present narrative review was to summarize what is known so far, and what the literature has proposed in the last 20 years, on the relationship between preschool wheezing and GER. In preschool children with respiratory symptoms there is a high rate of positivity of reflux testing, for this reason pH-MII testing and endoscopy are recommended. Flexible bronchoscopy may be useful to exclude anatomical abnormalities as the cause of wheezing in infancy and preschool years. Several biomarkers, as well as empirical anti-reflux therapy, have been proposed for the diagnosis of GER-related airway diseases, but the conclusions of these studies are controversial or even conflicting. There is a great need for future clinical trials to confirm or rule out the association.

scholarly journals Metode Stimulasi dan Metode Modeling terhadap Cara Menggosok Gigi yang Benar pada Anak Prasekolah

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Anis Rosatil Jannah ◽  
Husnul Khotimah ◽  
Sri Astutik Andayani ◽  
Kholisotin Kholisotin ◽  
Abdul Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
The Body ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Test Design ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Mann Whitney Test ◽  
Post Test

Penyakit gigi dapat mempengaruhi kesehatan tubuh, jika dibiarkan akan berdampak pada penyakit yang lebih berbahaya, seperti: serangan jantung, stroke, diabetes, infeksi pernafasan, gastrointestinal dll. Salah satu upaya meningkatkan keterampilan cara menggosok gigi pada anak adalah melalui cara atau metode stimulasi dan modeling. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penyuluhan tentang kebersihan gigi dan mulut melalui metode stimulasi dan modeling terhadap cara menggosok gigi yang benar pada anak prasekolah di TK Bina Ana Prasa. Desain Penelitian ini yaitu Quasi Eksperimen dengan pendekatan two group pre-post test design dengan jumlah sampel yaitu 80 orang, untuk metode stimulasi sebanyak 40 responden dan untuk metode modeling sebanyak 40 responden dengan menggunakan Purposive Sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar observasi. Analisa data menggunakan uji statistik Uji Wilcoxon dan Mann-Whitney. Uji Wilcoxon pada kelompok stimulasi didapatkan nilai r = 0,000. Sedangkan pada kelompok modeling didapatkan nilai nilai r = 0,000. Dan untuk membandingkan kelompok stimulasi dan modeling menggunakan Uji Mann-Whitney dengan hasil r = 0,000, Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan metode stimulasi dan modeling dapat meningkatkan perilaku dan keterampilan anak untuk menggosok gigi yang benar. Dan dari hasil observasi stimulasi dan modeling itu lebih efektif yang modeling. Kata kunci: modeling, enggosok gigi, stimulasi METHOD OF STIMULATION AND MODELING METHOD OF HOW TO SCROLT THE CORRECT DENTAL IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN ABSTRACTDental diseases can affect the health of the body, if left unchecked it will have an impact on more dangerous diseases, such as: heart attack, stroke, diabetes, respiratory infections, gastrointestinal etc. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of dental and oral hygine counselling throungh stimulation and modelling methods toward how to brush teeth properly in preschool children at TK Bina Ana Prasa. The design of this research is quasi eksperiment with a two group pre-post test design approach with sample size of 80 people, for stimulation methods for about 40 respondents and for the modelling method as many as 40 respondents using purposive sampling. Data collection techniques use observation sheets. using wilcoxon and mann-whitney test statistics. The data analysis used was wilcoxon test in the stimulation group obtained p value = 0,000. while in the modelling group the value p = 0,000. And to compare stimulation and modelling group using the mann-whitney test with the result of p = 0,000, So it can be concluded that stimulation and modeling methods can improve children's behavior and skills to brush their teeth properly. And from the results of observation of stimulation and modeling it is more effective modeling. Keywords: modeling, brush teeth, stimulation

scholarly journals Subacute cough in preschool children: differential diagnostics and differentiated therapy under ambulatory practice

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-55
Author(s):  
S.A. Mokiya–Serbina ◽  
◽  
T.V. Litvinova ◽  
N.I. Zabolotnyaya ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Evidence Based Medicine ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Differential Diagnostics ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Outpatient Practice ◽  
Based Medicine

The multifactorial nature of subacute cough, combined with the anatomical and physiological characteristics of preschool children, the impossibility of their full examination in outpatient practice, complicates its diagnosis. An algorithm for the differential diagnosis of acute respiratory infections accompanied by subacute cough in preschool children has been developed, it can contribute to the early identification of its causes and targeted treatment of the disease that caused the cough. A sequence of diagnostic measures is proposed, it includes anamnesis of life and diseases with a list of key questions that should be asked when collecting anamnesis in children with prolonged cough; objective examination of the child; determination of the tactics of further management (inpatient or outpatient); the choice of therapy that is comparable to the intended diagnosis; and evaluation of ongoing therapy. The emphasis is made on the importance of a full-fledged collection of anamnesis, taking into account the data of the time and conditions of the disease, and clinical data for making a presumptive diagnosis in an outpatient practice. It is recommended to carry out trial therapy if the diagnosis is difficult. The article presents modern approaches to the diagnosis of bronchial asthma in children with recurrent virus-induced vising. The modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of acute respiratory infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract are outlined in accordance with the principles of evidence-based medicine. It is noted that the most effective methods of treating cough are etiological and pathogenetic approaches, which consist in eliminating or weakening the action of factors that cause cough. It is emphasized that if treatment is impossible or insufficient, symptomatic cough therapy should be carried out. The main directions of symptomatic treatment of cough have been substantiated, which include measures to improve the drainage function of the lungs and restore adequate mucociliary clearance. The expediency of using ambroxol and acetylcysteine preparations was confirmed. Attention is also paid to the use of centrally acting antitussives. Discussion of the problem «to treat or not to treat subacute cough in acute respiratory infection of the upper respiratory tract» from the standpoint of evidence-based medicine is shown. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: children, subacute cough, acute respiratory infections.

Bacterial lysates in the prevention of respiratory tract infections

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Jurkiewicz ◽  
Beata Zielnik-Jurkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Recurrent Respiratory Infections ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Bacterial Lysates ◽  
Tract Infections

Bacterial lysates stimulate the general immunity of the body in a non-specific way. They act on non-specific defense mechanisms, leading to an increase in type A antibody in mucous membranes, phagocytic activity and INF-ƴ production. They can also stimulate the production of specific antibodies against the bacterial antigens that make up the preparation. The oral immunomodulatory preparations with the best documented clinical efficacy available on the Polish market are Ismigen, Broncho-Vaxom, Ribomunyl and Luivac. They are all lysates of bacterial strains that most often cause respiratory tract infections. In many clinical trials, oral bacterial lysates have been shown to minimize the risk of recurrent respiratory infections in children and adults and reduce the need for antibiotics.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of the use of the drug recombinant interferon alfa-2b for the prevention of acute respiratory infections in preschool children

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
S. A. Drakina ◽  
N. K. Perevoschikova ◽  
I. A. Seliverstov
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Interferon Α ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Perinatal Factors ◽  
Recombinant Interferon ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Epidemic Period ◽  
Ifn Γ

Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are the most common diseases of children, the main reasons for which are the age-related characteristics of the immune response, exacerbated by adverse perinatal factors, allergies, and increased contact with potential pathogens (the beginning of visits to preschool institutions, etc.).Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of the drug recombinant interferon α-2b to reduce the incidence of acute respiratory infections in preschool children.Throughout the year, there were 50 children under observation (average age 29.2 ± 0.97 months) attending preschool institutions. Recombinant interferon α-2b, ointment — VIFERON® 2500 IU 2 times a day for 14 days, in the next 4 weeks — 2500 IU 2 times a day 3 times a week was used for 25 children of the main group for the prevention of ARI in the pre-epidemic period.Results: The use of recombinant interferon α-2b in children of the main group showed a statistically significant decrease in the incidence of ARI, pneumonia, otitis, and the disappearance of pathological symptoms in the nasopharynx. An increase in the level of antiviral cytokines (IFN-α, p = 0.0088, IFN-γ, p = 0.0014) and a decrease in the concentration of pro-inflammatory (IL-1β, p = 0.0072) were recorded. Carriage of S. aureus, S. epidermidis, Candida albicans decreased by 2 times. Decrease in titer of antibodies to Str. pyogenes (p = 0.0251), Str. pneumoniae (p = 0.0491), Branchamella catarrhalis (p = 0.0369), Haemophilus influenzae (p = 0.0251) indicates a decrease in the sensitization of the child's organism to microbial antigens.

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