scholarly journals CHANGES IN LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY IN THE AGRIBUSINESS IN EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
Aldona Mrówczyńska-Kamińska ◽  
Agnieszka Baer-Nawrocka
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Gross Value Added ◽  
New Eu Member States ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Means Of Production

The main aim of the paper is to identify the changes in labour productivity in the agribusiness and to define its relationship to labour productivity in the entire national economy of the EU countries. Labour productivity is expressed as gross value added per employee in agribusiness as a whole and its three zones (I – industries manufacturing means of production and services for agriculture and the food industry, II – agriculture, III – food industry). The analysis concerns selected years from 1995 to 2010, which are the most recent available data. The gross value added in agribusiness were calculated by means of the formula suggested by Woś in 1979. As it results from the analyses, despite favorable changes, the productivity of labour in the agribusiness in the new EU Member States remains at a lower level than in most of the EU-15 countries. The main reason behind the differences in the levels of agribusiness labour productivity is a surplus of the labor force in the agriculture in the most EU-12 countries. Moreover, the EU-15 countries especially from Western and Northern Europe demonstrate smaller differences between the labour productivity in agribusiness and other sectors of the national economy.

scholarly journals Różnice w wydajności pracy między grupami państw UE w rolnictwie na podstawie Rachunków Ekonomicznych dla Rolnictwa (RER)

2018 ◽  
Vol 18(33) (2) ◽  
pp. 105-116
Author(s):  
Joanna Jaroszewska ◽  
Włodzimierz Rembisz
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Gross Value Added ◽  
Labour Input ◽  
Direct Payments ◽  
The Eu

The differences of the level of labour productivity in EU countries puts at a disadvantage countries adopted into the EU after 2004 (EU-13). A derived analytical approach to this problem has been illustrated empirically. The labour productivity analysed is presented as gross value added per person employed. The Economic Accounts for Agriculture and the Agricultural Labour Input were used for the study. The research shows that the large differences of labour productivity between groups of countries is still maintained. However, it is gradually decreasing. A negative impact of direct payments on this process was also found.

scholarly journals Zdolność konkurencyjna przemysłu spożywczego krajów UE, USA i Kanady na rynku światowym

2018 ◽  
Vol 18(33) (3) ◽  
pp. 248-261
Author(s):  
Karolina Pawlak
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Census Bureau ◽  
Time Range ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Us ◽  
Real Value ◽  
The Eu

The aim of the paper was to assess the competitive capacity of the main sectors of the EU, the US and Canadian food industry, using selected economic and trade indicators. Time range of the research covered the years 2007-2016. The research is based on the data from the Statistical Office of the European Union (Eurostat), the US Census Bureau, the USDA Foreign Agricultural Service's Global Agricultural Trade System (FAS/USDA) and Agriculture and Agri-food Canada. It was proved that improvement of the competitive position of the EU food industry was more determined by the scale of activity in world trade (increasing share in global exports), while competitive advantages of the US and Canadian food industry were influenced by economic advantages associated with improving the economic performance of enterprises in a given sector, its share in the real value added of the food industry as a whole and labour productivity.

scholarly journals BETA CONVERGENCE ANALYSIS OF GROSS VALUE ADDED IN THE HIGH-TECHNOLOGY MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Andreea Claudia Șerban ◽  
Elena Pelinescu ◽  
Andrei Silviu Dospinescu
Keyword(s):  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Value Added ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Gross Value Added ◽  
New Eu Member States

The paper examines the recent developments in the high-technology manufacturing sectors in the EU28 countries, focusing on the β-convergence of gross value added in the Manufacture of computers, electronic, and optical products, and the Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations. We employ two dynamic panel models estimated using the system of generalized method of moments (GMM) to address the risk of an endogeneity bias. The panel data analysis indicates a higher convergence for the Manufacture of computer, electronic, and optical products at 16.4% compared to 2.2% for the Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations, which is consistent with the existence of fewer barriers and higher exposure to competition in the case of the first analyzed sector. In the context of the role of the high-technology manufacturing industries as an engine of growth and the existing performance differences between the EU28 countries in terms of gross value added in the analyzed sectors, we investigated the β-convergence for two groupings EU15 and the new EU member states. We found that the new EU member states display a higher β-convergence rate than EU15, but also that they have a lower capital intensity. The result highlights the potential risk of some of the new EU member states becoming laggers in terms of the underlying factors behind gross value added as investment and labour force.

scholarly journals The situation of the employed in agriculture

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 146-152
Author(s):  
Tibor Bencze
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Social Recognition ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Social ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
The Eu

Efficiency improvements result in reduced employment. Regarding the actual individual consumption per capital and the GDP per capita in the EU member states- Hungary is among the lasts. The main reason for this is the weak international competitive role. Competitiveness is one of the prerequisites for efficiency which requires skilled workforce. However, the unemployed from rural regions are generally low-skilled so their employment is not a viable option in the competitive industry or in the agricultural market. In Hungary, the educational attainment level of agricultural workers is significantly lower than the employment of any other section’s or the EU average. Agriculture cannot solve the employment problems of the rural population, it may only contributes modestly to the creation of new workplaces. GDP or gross domestic product is the sum of depreciation, wages and capital income. One of the main reasons of the low GDP per capita is the fact that the wages in Hungary are just a mere fraction of a Western European employee’s with the same performance. The share of agriculture has been steadily decreasing in employment and in the production of gross value added, where the average wage of agriculture is significantly lower than the average of the national economy. It also plays a role in lowering the contribution of agriculture to GDP than the proportion of active workers. This explains the higher of a worker’s level of education is, the chances they stay in the agriculture permanently is reducing significantly. The social recognition of agricultural activity can only be improved if the agricultural earnings or income of qualified young people reaches the average of the national economy.

scholarly journals Ukraine and the European Union Industry: Comparative Statistical Analysis of Structural Advantages

2017 ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
S. О. Ishchuk ◽  
L. Yo. Sozanskyy
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Domestic Industry ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Gross Value Added ◽  
Comparative Statistical Analysis ◽  
The Eu

The signing of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union (EU) raised the need to increase the competitiveness of domestic industry producers to the level of the EU member states. The choice of ways to improve the domestic industrial sector should be based on the results of relevant analytical assessments. The purpose of the article is to conduct a comparative statistical analysis of key structural indicators of the industry in Ukraine and EU member states by type of industrial activity. In order to achieve this goal, a methodological approach has been developed that allows for system evaluation of industry pattern and its internal and external efficiency. Using these tools, a comparative analysis of structural advantages of the industry in Ukraine and the EU member states is conducted by share of industry in output, gross value added and exports, and by efficiency measured by share of gross value added in industry output. Similar calculations are made for all types of industrial activities. The results of the analysis show that Ukraine, in spite of heavy industrial potential and significant natural and human resources, in the period of analysis (2012-2015) had only 19th position among the EU member states by industrial output and the 20th position by value added in industry The pattern of the Ukrainian industry is typical for countries with economy based on primary commodities. The key problem faced by the Ukrainian industry is its low efficiency: the 28th position by share of value added in output. The above confirms that the cost structure of industrial products is dominated by material and energy components. This signals the need for further restructuring of the industrial sector in Ukraine. Optimization of the domestic industry structure has to cover all industrial sectors and subsectors. A key optimization criterion has to be the socioeconomic efficiency enhancement, which can be achieved through increasing and restructuring the gross value added, with particular emphasis on the share of gross operating profit, mixed income.

The Service Sector in the Economy in Poland and European Union Countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-207
Author(s):  
Walentyna Kwiatkowska
Keyword(s):  
Service Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Gross Value Added ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Service Sectors ◽  
Sector Theory ◽  
The Eu

The role of the service sector in the economy is increasing in the process of socio-economic development. This tendency has been confirmed and explained by the three-sector theory formulated by A.G.B. Fisher, C. Clark, and J. Fourastie. The main goal of the paper is to show development tendencies in service sectors in Poland and the EU countries and assess them in view of the three-sector theory. The share of the service sector in the total employment and in the total gross value added in the years 2005-2013/2014 will be analysed together with two sub-sectors including market and non-market services. The research shows that the share of the service sector in total employment and total gross value added has been recently increasing in Poland as well as in other EU countries, but there is a gap in this process between Poland and the most developed EU countries. Moreover, in Poland, the role of market services has been recently increasing much faster than the role of non-market services. 

Estimation of economic specialization of Ukrainian regions in the context of global trends

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Svitlana Ishchuk ◽  
Lyubomyr Sozanskyy
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Value Added ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Agricultural Commodity ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Gross Value Added ◽  
Its Regions ◽  
Economic Specialization

The scale and deep heterogeneity of the national economy of Ukraine in the regional context make the relevance of scientific research in this thematic area. The purpose of the article is to determine the economic specialization of the regions of Ukraine by key economic activities contributing to the formation of gross value added, as well as outlining the potential risks to the national economy, taking into account the situation on world commodity markets. The results of the research showed that one of the consequences of the unstable dynamics of industrial production in Ukraine under the influence of geopolitical and macroeconomic factors is the reduction of industrial specialization of the economy of a number of Ukrainian regions. Thus, in 2017 the manufacturing was the leading economic activity (with the highest share in the gross value added created) in 11 regions, compared to 15 in 2012. So Poltava, Donetsk, Dnipropetrovsk and Zaporizhzhya regions are considered to be “highly industrial”. At the same time, the agrarian specialization of the economy of Ukraine and its regions deepened – in 2017 agriculture became the leading type of economic activity in 11 regions (compared to 7 in 2012). The most “agrarian” in Ukraine (with a share of agriculture in gross value added over 30%) in 2017 became the Kherson, Kirovohrad and Khmelnytsky regions. Increasing the level of “agrarianization” of the national economy in the context of volatility of agricultural commodity prices on the world markets poses significant risks for the socio-economic development of Ukraine and its regions. These risks are exacerbated by the high amplitude of fluctuations in the volume and structure of domestic agricultural products and the low degree of processing of raw materials. To improve the structure of domestic commodity exports (in the direction of increasing its share of products with a higher degree of processing) and to deepen its diversification, a number of measures should be carried out aimed at stimulating export activity of enterprises (industrial and agro-industrial), carrying out technical and technological re-equipment of industrial and export production bases, creation of new high-tech industries on the basis of the implementation of powerful innovation and investment projects.

scholarly journals An Assessment of Carousel Value-Added Tax Fraud in The European Carbon Market

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Berrittella ◽  
Filippo Alessandro Cimino
Keyword(s):  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Emission Trading ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Carbon Market ◽  
Eu Ets ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThe literature on the European Union Emission Trading System (EU ETS) is by now very rich. Much is known about the efficiency, the effectiveness, and the environmental and distributional impacts of the EU ETS. Less, however, is known about the carousel value-added-tax (VAT) fraud phenomena in the European carbon market. This article evaluates the welfare effects of carousel VAT fraud in the EU ETS using a computable general equilibrium (CGE) analysis. According to our findings, if VAT fraud occurs in the EU ETS, the effects on welfare for the EU Member States are negative, with welfare loss significantly higher than the VAT fraud value. This article also discusses the reverse charge mechanism that EU Member States could adopt to reduce the VAT fraud phenomena in the European carbon market.

scholarly journals European myriad of approaches to parasitic commercial practices

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radka MacGregor Pelikánová
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Unfair Competition ◽  
Member States ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Unfair Commercial Practices Directive ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Research background: The Post-Lisbon EU aims at smart, sustainable, and inclusive growth on the single internal market, as indicated by the Europe 2020. The interplay of the competition and consumer protection on such a market is subject to harmonization. The Unfair Commercial Practices Directive has been made in order to achieve a full harmonization in this respect in 2007. However, EU member states share different social, political, legal and economic traditions and their approaches to unfair competition, in particular if committed via parasitic commercial practices, are dramatically diverse. In such a context, is it feasible, effective and efficient to install a full harmonization?Purpose of the article: The primary purpose of this article is to describe and assess ap-proaches to unfair competition, in particular if committed via parasitic commercial practices, by the EU law and EU member states law. The secondary purpose is to study and evaluate possibilities for the feasible, effective and efficient harmonization, or their lack. Methods: The cross-disciplinary and multi-jurisdictional nature of this article, and its dual purposes, implies the use of Meta-Analysis, of the critical comparison of laws and the impact of their application, to the holistic perception of historical and national contexts, and to case studies. The primary and secondary sources are explored and the yield knowledge and data are confronted with the status quo. The dominating qualitative research and data are complemented by the quantitative research and data.Findings & Value added: The EU opted for an ambitious challenge to install via the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive a full harmonization of the regime against unfair commercial practices, including parasitic ones. The exploration pursuant to the duo of purposes suggests that the challenge is perhaps too ambitious and that the EU underestimated the dramatic diversity of approaches to unfair commercial practices, especially parasitic ones.

scholarly journals The Attitudes of the European Union and China Towards Foreign Direct Investment: Implications for Bilateral Relations

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-98
Author(s):  
Janina Witkowska
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Member States ◽  
Independent State ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
New Eu Member States ◽  
The Eu

The aim of this paper is to discuss new trends that have occurred in the policies of the EU and China towards foreign direct investment (FDI), to examine some implications of the EU‑China Comprehensive Agreement on Investment (CAI) – which is currently being negotiated – for their bilateral relations, and to assess the role which China’s “One Belt One Road’ (OBOR) initiative might play in its relations with the new EU Member States. The EU established freedom of capital movement with third countries; however, the introduction of the common investment policy has encountered some obstacles. These are related to investor protection and ISDS issues. In turn, China is carrying out an independent state policy towards foreign investment with limited liberalization of FDI flows. The negotiated EU‑China CAI is expected to create conditions conducive to bilateral foreign investment flows, and it might bring positive effects for their economies in the future. However, the progress made thus far in the negotiations is still limited. The relations between China and the new EU Member states (CEE countries) are characterized by common interests in the field of FDI flows. The new EU countries are interested in attracting Chinese FDI and seem not to show the fears that have arisen in the old EU countries.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document