scholarly journals THE OCCURRENCE OF MISSING DATA IN SURVEYS

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-103
Author(s):  
Wioleta Zdebska
Keyword(s):  
Missing Data ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Social Survey

The purpose of this article is to discuss issues related to the analysis of missing data. Why do missing data occur in a data set? What percentage of the collected data constitutes missing data? What is the nature of missing data that emerges during data collection? The above questions are extremely important in assessing conducted surveys or in evaluating the quality of the collected data. A lack of reflection on the aspects mentioned above may lead to false conclusions and recommendations. This article presents not only an overview of the literature regarding missing data, but also shows how in a practical way an analysis of the randomness of missing data can be performed. The analysis presented in the article is based on data collected as part of the Polish General Social Survey carried out in 2008. The main recommendation of the author is to conduct an analysis of the randomness of missing data before analyzing the collected data.

Panel Effects: Do the Reports of Panel Respondents Get Better or Worse over Time?

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 572-588
Author(s):  
Hanyu Sun ◽  
Roger Tourangeau ◽  
Stanley Presser
Keyword(s):  
Missing Data ◽  
Data Quality ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Counter Terrorism ◽  
Item Functioning ◽  
Panel Effects ◽  
Over Time

Abstract It is well established that taking part in earlier rounds of a panel survey can affect how respondents answer questions in later rounds. It is less clear, however, whether panel participation affects the quality of the data that respondents provide. We examined two panels to investigate how participation affects several indicators of data quality—including straightlining, item missing data, scale reliabilities, and differences in item functioning over time—and to test the hypotheses that it is less educated and older respondents who mainly account for any panel effects. The two panels were the GfK Knowledge Panel, in which some respondents completed up to four rounds measuring their attitudes toward terrorism and ways to counter terrorism, and the General Social Survey (GSS), in which respondents completed up to three rounds with an omnibus set of questions. The two panels differ sharply in terms of response rates and the level of prior survey experience of the respondents. Most of our comparisons are within-respondent, comparing the answers panel members gave in earlier rounds with those they gave in later rounds, but we also confirm the main results using between-subject comparisons. We find little evidence that respondents gave either better or worse data over time in either panel and little support for either the education or age hypotheses.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of the quality of women's performance in NGOs In the city of Mecca, Jeddah and Taif: فعالية جودة أداء المرأة في الجمعيات الأهلية في مدينة مكة المكرمة وجده والطائف

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heba Ahmed Abdulltef khalefa
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Data Collection Tool ◽  
Delivery Method ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City ◽  
Descriptive Method

The study aimed to identify the effectiveness of the quality of performance of women in NGOs. The results showed that the quality of the performance of women in NGOs was determined by the study sample (Speed ​​of service delivery, development and improvement of services provided, continuity in service delivery, service delivery method, cooperation with members of NGOs. Cooperation with citizens to meet their needs). She also showed professional proposals to increase the effectiveness of the quality of women's performance in NGOs. The results reached a suggested concept to increase the researcher used the descriptive method suitable for the social survey method using a comprehensive questionnaire based on the questionnaire as a data collection tool. Data will be coded and analyzed statistically using SPSS.V. 21.0

scholarly journals A comparative anatomy of protein crystals: lessons from the automatic processing of 56,000 samples

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olof Svensson ◽  
Maciej Gilski ◽  
Didier Nurizzo ◽  
Matthew W. Bowler
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Comparative Anatomy ◽  
Automatic Processing ◽  
Data Set ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Cell Dimensions ◽  
Unit Cell Dimensions ◽  
Crystal Volume

SynopsisThe automatic processing of over 56,000 crystals by the autonomous ESRF beamline MASSIF-1 has provided a data set of crystal characteristics and properties that allows many theoretical proposals and assumptions to be evaluated experimentally.AbstractThe fully automatic processing of crystals of macromolecules has presented a unique opportunity to gather information on the samples that is not usually recorded. This has proved invaluable in improving the sample location, characterisation and data collection algorithms. After operating for four years, MASSIF-1 has now processed over 56,000 samples, gathering information at each stage, from the volume of the crystal to the unit cell dimensions, space group, quality of the data collected and the reasoning behind the decisions made in data collection. This provides an unprecedented opportunity to analyse these data together, providing a detailed landscape of macromolecular crystals and intimate details of their contents and, importantly, how the two are related. The data show that mosaic spread is unrelated to the size or shape of crystals and demonstrate experimentally that diffraction intensities scale in proportion to crystal volume and molecular weight. It is also shown that crystal volume scales inversely with molecular weight. The results set the scene for the development of X-ray crystallography in a changing environment for structural biology.

scholarly journals Philanthropic Behaviour of Quebecers

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose Anne Devlin ◽  
Wenzhuo Zhao
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Household Income ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Religious Organizations ◽  
Atlantic Canada ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Socioeconomic Characteristics ◽  
Sont Comparables

Residents of Québec typically give less money and volunteer less time compared to residents of all other provinces. This article employs the most recent General Social Survey: Giving, Volunteering and Participating (2013) data set and Tobit procedures and finds that Quebeckers give less money largely because of smaller endowments of two important determinants, religiosity and household income. Once demographic and socioeconomic characteristics are controlled, Quebeckers’ financial donations are comparable to those of residents of Ontario and Atlantic Canada and exceed those of residents of British Columbia. Quebeckers moreover are similar to others when it comes to volunteering for religious organizations, but they volunteer significantly less than others for secular organizations, which cannot be explained in this article.Typiquement, les résidents du Québec donnent moins d’argent et consacrent moins de temps au bénévolat que les résidents des autres provinces. Cet article, en recourant aux données provenant de la dernière « Enquête sociale générale : dons, bénévolat et participation, 2013 » et au modèle Tobit, conclut que les Québécois donnent moins d’argent en grande partie parce qu’ils ont des lacunes dans deux domaines importants, à savoir la religiosité et le revenu du ménage. Cependant, après un contrôle des caractéristiques démographiques et socioéconomiques, on constate que les dons de la part des Québécois sont au fait comparables à ceux des résidents de l’Ontario et des provinces de l’Atlantique et supérieures à ceux des résidents de la Colombie-Britannique. D’autre part, les Québécois sont comparables aux résidents des autres provinces pour ce qui est du bénévolat dans les organismes religieux, mais ils font beaucoup moins de bénévolat dans les organismes séculaires, fait que cet article ne parvient pas à expliquer.  

scholarly journals Volunteer Activity and the Demands of Work and Family

2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Gomez ◽  
Morley Gunderson
Keyword(s):  
General Social Survey ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Time Cost ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Volunteer Activity ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract The importance of volunteer activity for employees, employers and governmental and non-governmental organizations that are increasingly relying on volunteers is discussed, followed by an econometric analysis relating volunteer activity to a variety of characteristics of work and family as well as to personal and demographic characteristics of the volunteers. The analysis is based on Cycle 9 of the Canadian General Social Survey (GSS) of 1994—an ideal data set since it links volunteer activity to a wide range of characteristics of work and family. The results are interpreted through the lens of a household production function framework, highlighting the importance of time cost and income, but also characteristics of work and family.

Analysis of the predictors of five eco-sensitive behaviours

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naz Onel ◽  
Avinandan Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Research Evidence ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Environmental Values ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine five different types of eco-sensitive behaviours separately and understand if determinants of these behaviours vary depending on the type of action being performed. Design/methodology/approach – The study investigates factors influencing five different eco-sensitive behaviours by empirically testing the effects of socio-economic status (SES), gender, age and environmental values. Theoretically guided hypotheses and models were formulated and tested with multiple linear regression models by employing a data set from the National Opinion Research Center (NORC) 2010 General Social Survey. Findings – Results conclude that different types of behaviour have different predictors. While age differences only explain recycling cans and bottles, gender difference explains buying pesticide-free fruits/vegetables and avoiding environmentally harmful products. Values, on the other hand, predict all five eco-behaviours. Driving less and saving water for environmental reasons were least explained by the examined predictors. Originality/value – These results contribute to untangling the confusing research evidence on the effects of SES, age, gender and environmental values on different environmental behaviours and on the relationship between them by examining each behaviour separately.

scholarly journals Data-Specific Functions: A Comment on Kindel et al.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob C. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Recent Article ◽  
Fragile Families ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Statistical Software ◽  
New Approach

In a recent article, Salganik et al. describe a new approach to managing survey data in service of the Fragile Families Challenge, which they call “treating metadata as data.” Although the approach that they present is a good first step, a more ambitious proposal could improve survey data analysis even more substantially. I recommend that data collection efforts distribute an open-source set of tools for working with a particular data set that I call data-specific functions. The goal of these functions is to codify best practices for working with the data in a set of functions for commonly used statistical software. These functions would be jointly developed by the users and distributers of the data. Building such functions would both shorten the learning curve for new users, and would improve the quality of the data, by making tacit knowledge about problems with the data explicit and easy to act on.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Three Imputation Methods to Treat Missing Values

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2779-2786
Author(s):  
Rahul Singhai
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Missing Data ◽  
Missing Values ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Imputation Method ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Imputation Methods ◽  
Missing Data Treatment

One relevant problem in data preprocessing is the presence of missing data that leads the poor quality of patterns, extracted after mining. Imputation is one of the widely used procedures that replace the missing values in a data set by some probable values. The advantage of this approach is that the missing data treatment is independent of the learning algorithm used. This allows the user to select the most suitable imputation method for each situation. This paper analyzes the various imputation methods proposed in the field of statistics with respect to data mining. A comparative analysis of three different imputation approaches which can be used to impute missing attribute values in data mining are given that shows the most promising method. An artificial input data (of numeric type) file of 1000 records is used to investigate the performance of these methods. For testing the significance of these methods Z-test approach were used.

Long-Term and Seasonal Aspects of the Water Quality of the River Danube within the Region of Vienna (Austria)

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ch Ludwig ◽  
H. Ranner ◽  
G. Kavka ◽  
W. Kohi ◽  
U. Humpesch
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Data Set ◽  
River Danube ◽  
Seasonal Aspects

Data on water quality variables from 1968 to 1987 are analyzed statistically. The long-terra changes of five selected variables for the section of the River Danube at Vienna are investigated at four different sampling sites, two upstream and two downstream from Vienna. The influence of the efforts made to reduce wastewater inputs within the catchment area at Vienna were examined. Another objective was to obtain information about seasonal fluctuations at one selected sampling site. The quality of the data set is discussed with regard to the practical applicability of the results and suggestions are given for data collection.

scholarly journals Intersectional Discrimination in Australia: An Empirical Critique of the Legal Framework

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alysia Blackham ◽  
Jeromey Temple
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Systemic Change ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Statistical Evidence ◽  
Social Survey

Australian equality law is still largely dependent on individual enforcement to achieve systemic change. The degree to which discrimination law acknowledges and accommodates intersectional discrimination is a question of growing pertinence. This article bridges theoretical scholarship on intersectionality and empirical statistical evidence of how people experience discrimination in Australia, drawing on data from the 2014 General Social Survey, to critically evaluate the extent to which Australian discrimination law is able to accommodate intersectional experiences of discrimination. We argue that there is a fundamental disconnect between the legal framework, which focuses on separate and distinct ‘grounds’ of discrimination, and how people actually experience discrimination in practice, which is multiple and overlapping. This article offers concrete suggestions for how the legal framework and data collection could be improved to better integrate intersectionality in Australian discrimination law.

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