scholarly journals Efektywność ekologicznych gospodarstw sadowniczych w porównaniu do konwencjonalnych

2016 ◽  
pp. 91-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Komorowska
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Organic Farms ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Lower Productivity ◽  
Lower Production

The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficiency of production factors in organic and conventional fruit farms. The results suggest lower level of productivity of land resources on organic farms, which resulted from lower productivity of organic production. The productivity of capital presented similar levels in both groups of households, while the productivity of the labor force was greater in organic farms, because they were bigger than conventional ones. Organic farms were characterised by better economic results than conventional ones, as a result of better production results accompanied by lower production costs of organic farms. Therefore, in the surveyed households, the profitability of land, labor and capital used in the production processes was higher in organic farms.

Economic performance of organic vs conventional vegetables production in Gaza strip

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abu Shaban
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Lower Production

Organic farming has achieved significant growth in developing countries. However, it is still in some areas such as Gaza strip at embryonic stage. Introduction and promotion of organic farming would need more information about economic feasibility of shifting from the existing conventional farms to organic farming system. This is the main aim of this study. Data was collected from 100 randomly selected farmers in southern area of Gaza strip using standard questionnaire. Additional focus group discussions were conducted for further qualitative analyses. Data was also collected from the organic farm of Safe Agriculture Association where vegetables are organically produced and marketed. Gross margin and comparative analyses were used to describe cost structure of conventional and organic production and to assess economic potentialities to shift to organic farming. Results varied among vegetable crops as some crops showed very high economic potential to shift to organic farming while other crops did not. Major reasons for crops with good potential were higher yield under organic farming, premium market prices and lower production costs. Major reasons for lower economic potential to shift were the significant lower yield and higher production costs. The study recommends further technical research to explore organic production techniques that allows for higher yield and lower production cost. The study also recommends further market research to investigate consumers' preferences and willingness to pay for organic products.

NATURA 2000 SITES IN POLAND AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE FUNCTIONING OF FARMS

2019 ◽  
Vol XXI (2) ◽  
pp. 307-317
Author(s):  
Marek Zieliński ◽  
Jolanta Sobierajewska
Keyword(s):  
Natura 2000 ◽  
The State ◽  
Rural Development Programme ◽  
Plant Cultivation ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Lower Productivity ◽  
Farm Accountancy Data Network ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Lower Production

The paper described the network of Natura 2000 sites in Poland, the state of spending funds on Package 4. “Valuable habitats and endangered species of birds in Natura 2000 sites of the Agri-environmental-climate measure implemented under the RDP 2014-2020” (Package 4. of the AECM under the Rural Development Programme 2014-2020) as of 31.12.2017 and also assessed the functioning of farms belonging to beneficiaries of this package against a background of farms from outside Natura 2000 sites, which kept accounts for the Polish FADN in the years 2015-2017. It has been determined that, in Poland, the share of areas covered by the Natura 2000 network in the land area of the country is 19.6%, however, in the case of voivodeships and districts, it is varied. In addition, it has been determined that the state of spending funds under Package 4 has, so far, been PLN 518.8 million and has accounted for 29.6% of total funds spent as part of the AECM under the RDP 2014-2020. It turned out that farms belonging to beneficiaries of Package 4, against a background of other farms which kept accounts for the Polish FADN in the years 2015-2017, were characterised, inter alia, by lower production intensity and lower productivity of production factors. Moreover, those farms obtained lower income per 1 ha of UAA. Analyses have been carried out based on the data from the General Directorate for Environmental Protection, the Central Statistical Office in Warsaw, the Agency for Restructuring and Modernisation of Agriculture, the Polish Farm Accountancy Data Network (Polish FADN) and the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation National Research Institute.

Economic performance of organic vs conventional vegetables production in Gaza strip

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abu Shaban
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Lower Production

Organic farming has achieved significant growth in developing countries. However, it is still in some areas such as Gaza strip at embryonic stage. Introduction and promotion of organic farming would need more information about economic feasibility of shifting from the existing conventional farms to organic farming system. This is the main aim of this study. Data was collected from 100 randomly selected farmers in southern area of Gaza strip using standard questionnaire. Additional focus group discussions were conducted for further qualitative analyses. Data was also collected from the organic farm of Safe Agriculture Association where vegetables are organically produced and marketed. Gross margin and comparative analyses were used to describe cost structure of conventional and organic production and to assess economic potentialities to shift to organic farming. Results varied among vegetable crops as some crops showed very high economic potential to shift to organic farming while other crops did not. Major reasons for crops with good potential were higher yield under organic farming, premium market prices and lower production costs. Major reasons for lower economic potential to shift were the significant lower yield and higher production costs. The study recommends further technical research to explore organic production techniques that allows for higher yield and lower production cost. The study also recommends further market research to investigate consumers' preferences and willingness to pay for organic products.

Organic banana production in Ecuador: Its implications on black Sigatoka development and plant–soil nutritional status

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Jimenez ◽  
Lieselot Van der Veken ◽  
Heleen Neirynck ◽  
Helga Rodríguez ◽  
Omar Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Black Sigatoka ◽  
Banana Production ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Lower Productivity ◽  
The World

AbstractBlack Sigatoka, caused by the leaf fungus Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet, is a major constraint to banana production around the world. In Ecuador, the biggest banana-exporting country in the world, this disease has become increasingly aggressive. This has resulted in more fungicide applications, which have significantly increased costs in production and for the environment. Consequently, many banana growers have shifted to organic production, which produces greater economic returns as a result of higher sale prices. In addition, production costs are lower as no fungicides are applied. These organic bananas receive substantial amounts of organic products. This study describes the black Sigatoka disease and nutrient status in an organic banana plantation and compares it with a conventionally fertilized and fungicide-treated plantation. Black Sigatoka symptoms were evaluated in the vegetative and flowering stages under both production conditions and in vitro conditions. Univariate and multivariate descriptive statistics were used to analyze the parameters. Disease symptoms were more severe in leaves from the organic field than in leaves from the inorganic field, but the nutrient status (soil and foliar) did not differ between the two farms. Banana plants from the organic farm had 12 functional leaves at flowering and eight functional leaves at harvest. Average banana yields were over 40% lower for organic versus inorganic management; however, the average price received for organic bananas was over two times higher. Profit–cost analysis has shown that the organic banana farm was substantially more profitable than the inorganic one during the time period analyzed. These results indicated that bananas can be grown commercially without fungicides, and the lower productivity levels are compensated by higher prices of organic fruits in international markets. In addition, organic production has beneficial impacts on social and environmental issues.

scholarly journals Organizational and economic approaches to technological updating of agricultural enterprises

2019 ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
Ivan Svynous ◽  
Olesia Havryk ◽  
Valentyna Byba
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
No Till ◽  
Reproductive Processes

Purpose. The aim of the article is the development of theoretical approaches and practical recommendations for substantiation of instruments for improving the reproductive processes of land by agricultural enterprises. Methodology of research. Abstract and logical, computational, constructive and optimization methods are used to solve these problems, in particular in substantiation of directions of improvement of reproductive processes of agricultural lands and formation of rational organizational and economic conditions for reproduction of elements of MTB of agricultural enterprises. Findings. It has been proved that the No-Till farming system is effective in reproducing the fertility of land resources, which is not plowed, and the surface of the earth is covered with a layer of specially crushed plant residues - mulch residues (mulch). The main advantages of using zero tillage include: saving resources - fuel, labour, time, reducing depreciation costs; reducing the complexity of the technological process; restoration and preservation of the fertile soil layer - reduction or complete prevention of soil erosion; moisture accumulation in the soil, which is especially important in the conditions of the Steppe zone, and, accordingly, a noticeable decrease in the dependence of the crop on weather conditions; increasing crop yields due to the above factors. Originality. The scientific approach to the reproduction of land resources in agricultural enterprises is proposed, which is based on a set of organizational and economic instruments of socially responsible conduct of activity, in particular: the motivation of agricultural producers to introduce organic fertilizers, the introduction of the No-till system, the development of organic production, which will enhance the agricultural production. Practical value. The necessity of improvement of the program of state support of organic producers is proved on the basis of forecasting: compensation of costs for development of systems of management of organic production of agricultural production, costs in the transition period to organic production, partial compensation of costs for the use of organic fertilizers, costs for the use of plant protection products, costs for expertise organic products. It is now important to ensure that agro-technical measures are taken to restore the fertility of land resources through co-financing by agricultural enterprises, united territorial communities and the state. An effective factor, although indirectly influencing the increase in fertility of agricultural land, is the dissemination of knowledge about modern resource-saving technologies that can be provided through advisory services. Key words: material and technical base; agricultural enterprise; fertility; organic production; agricultural lands.

scholarly journals Landscape context affects the sustainability of organic farming systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (6) ◽  
pp. 2870-2878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia M. Smith ◽  
Abigail L. Cohen ◽  
John P. Reganold ◽  
Matthew S. Jones ◽  
Robert J. Orpet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
The United States ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Landscape Context ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Field Size ◽  
Organic Farms ◽  
Crop Field

Organic agriculture promotes sustainability compared to conventional agriculture. However, the multifunctional sustainability benefits of organic farms might be mediated by landscape context. Assessing how landscape context affects sustainability may aid in targeting organic production to landscapes that promote high biodiversity, crop yields, and profitability. We addressed this using a meta-analysis spanning 60 crop types on six continents that assessed whether landscape context affected biodiversity, yield, and profitability of organic vs. conventional agroecosystems. We considered landscape metrics reflecting landscape composition (percent cropland), compositional heterogeneity (number and diversity of cover types), and configurational heterogeneity (spatial arrangement of cover types) across our study systems. Organic sites had greater biodiversity (34%) and profits (50%) than conventional sites, despite lower yields (18%). Biodiversity gains increased as average crop field size in the landscape increased, suggesting organic farms provide a “refuge” in intensive landscapes. In contrast, as crop field size increased, yield gaps between organic and conventional farms increased and profitability benefits of organic farming decreased. Profitability of organic systems, which we were only able to measure for studies conducted in the United States, varied across landscapes in conjunction with production costs and price premiums, suggesting socioeconomic factors mediated profitability. Our results show biodiversity benefits of organic farming respond differently to landscape context compared to yield and profitability benefits, suggesting these sustainability metrics are decoupled. More broadly, our results show that the ecological, but not the economic, sustainability benefits of organic agriculture are most pronounced in more intensive agricultural landscapes.

Comparing the Microbiological Status of Pre- and Postharvest Produce from Small Organic Production

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 1072-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
AIXIA XU ◽  
DONNA M. PAHL ◽  
ROBERT L. BUCHANAN ◽  
SHIRLEY A. MICALLEF
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Wash Water ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Organic Farms ◽  
Production Scale ◽  
Safety Risk ◽  
Leafy Greens ◽  
Postharvest Handling ◽  
Food Safety Risk

Consumption of locally, organically grown produce is increasing in popularity. Organic farms typically produce on a small scale, have limited resources, and adopt low technology harvest and postharvest handling practices. Data on the food safety risk associated with hand harvesting, field packing, and packing-house handling with minimal treatment, at this production scale, are lacking. We followed produce from small organic farms from the field through postharvest handling and packing. Pre- and postharvest produce (177 samples) and water (29 samples) were collected and analyzed quantitatively for Escherichia coli, total coliforms (TC), aerobic bacteria (APC), yeasts, molds (M), and enteric pathogens. No pathogens were recovered. E. coli was detected in 3 (3.6%) of 83 preharvest produce samples, 2 (6.3%) of 32 unwashed and 0 of 42 washed postharvest produce samples, and 10 (34.5%) of 29 water samples. No correlation was found between bacterial levels in irrigation water and those on produce. Postharvest handling without washing was a factor for APC and M counts on tomatoes, with lower frequencies postharvest. Postharvest handling with washing was a factor for leafy greens for TC counts, with higher frequencies postharvest. APC (P = 0.03) and yeast (P = 0.05) counts were higher in preharvest than in unwashed postharvest tomatoes. Washed postharvest leafy greens had higher M counts (P = 0.03) and other washed produce had higher TC counts (P = 0.01) than did their preharvest counterparts. Barriers were found to the use of sanitizer in wash water for leafy greens among small farms using organic practices. Hand harvesting and dry handling did not appear to be associated with a significant food safety risk, but washed leafy greens carried higher levels of some microbial indicators, possibly because of the lack of sanitizer in the wash water. The development of resources and materials customized for this sector of growers could enhance dissemination of information on best practices for handling of leafy greens.

Tool Approach Directions for Machining Protrusion and Depression Features in an Object

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandrasekhar Karra ◽  
Thomas A. Phelps
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Product Design ◽  
Tool Path ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Competitive Market ◽  
Process Plans ◽  
Manufacturing Problems ◽  
Lower Production

Abstract The success of any industry in today’s highly competitive market is largely dependent on its ability to produce quality products, quickly and at low cost. Evaluating the effect of a product design on its manufacture is crucial in developing efficient designs. Any potential manufacturing problems detected at this stage can be corrected by modifying the design, leading to shorter product development cycles and lower production costs. This paper presents an algorithm to determine feasible tool approach directions. The algorithm is based on detecting if any part of the object obstructs the tool path. The basis for the algorithm is determining feasible approach directions and clearances around a planar polygonal face. The algorithm is applicable to both protrusions and depressions. The information is useful in performing manufacturability analysis of designs and develop process plans.

scholarly journals Simulation of Holstein and Jersey profitability by varying milk price payment system

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 913-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel de Noronha Figueiredo Vieira da Cunha ◽  
José Carlos Pereira ◽  
Oriel Fajardo de Campos ◽  
Sebastião Teixeira Gomes ◽  
José Luis Braga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Payment System ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Protein Percentage ◽  
Bonus Payment ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Percentage Unit ◽  
Economic Indexes ◽  
Lower Production

The objective of the study was to compare through simulation Holstein and Jersey breed herds, considering the farm size, zootechnical and economic indexes and profitability of the activity, by using different systems of bonus payment for milk price based in percentage of fat and protein in the milk. The comparisons were made, initially, disregarding the bonus payment for milk price based on the increase in the fat and protein percentage in milk. After that, the profitability of the activity was compared considering bonus payment for milk price of the Jersey breed herd, for each unit increment in fat and protein percentage in milk above those obtained with the Holstein breed herd. Finally, the profitability of the activity was compared by using the bonus payment for milk price based on quality of that used by company A systems. When there was no bonus payment for milk price based in the percentage of fat and protein in the milk, the profit obtained with the Holstein breed was higher because of the lower production costs. In order to make the activity more profitable with the Jersey breed, a bonus payment of 5% for milk price would be needed for each percentage unit of fat above the percentage of that obtained with the Holstein breed, or a bonus payment of 10% in the milk price for each percentage unit of protein above the percentage obtained with the Holstein breed. By using the bonus payment system proposed by Gimenes and Ponchio, the annual profit with the Jersey breed was higher than the profit obtained with the Holstein breed. However, with the application of the bonus payment system used by company A, the Holstein breed became more profitable than the Jersey breed.

scholarly journals Engineering working operations based on parameters of product manufacturability using a computer-aided design algorithm

2022 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 708-719
Author(s):  
D. A. Ishenin ◽  
A. S. Govorkov
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Processing Route ◽  
Mechanical Processing ◽  
Design Algorithm ◽  
Industrial Data ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Aided Design

The study aimed to develop an algorithm for computer-aided design (CAD) of working operations. A processing route for machining components was developed based on the criteria of production manufacturability, industrial data and a digital model of the product. The process of machining a workpiece was analysed using a method of theoretical separation. The machining process of a frame workpiece was used as a model. The identified formal parameters formed a basis for developing a CAD algorithm and a model of manufacturing route associated with the mechanical processing of a work-piece applying a condition-action rule, as well as mathematical logic. The research afforded a scheme for selecting process operations, given the manufacturability parameters of a product design. The concept of CAD algorithm was developed to design a production process of engineering products with given manufacturability parameters, including industrial data. The principle of forming a route and selecting a machining process was proposed. Several criteria of production manufacturability (labour intensity, consumption of materials, production costs) were selected to evaluate mechanical processing. A CAD algorithm for designing technological operations considering the parameters of manufacturability was developed. The algorithm was tested by manufacturing a frame workpiece. The developed algorithm can be used for reducing labour costs and development time, at the same time as improving the quality of production processes. The formalisation of process design is a crucial stage in digitalisation and automation of all production processes.

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