scholarly journals Glucosinolates in plant protection strategies: A review

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 821-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Bohinc ◽  
Goreta Ban ◽  
D. Ban ◽  
S. Trdan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Glucosinolate Content ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Decomposition Products ◽  
Protection Strategies ◽  
Harmful Organisms

This review discusses the importance of glucosinolates in plant protection. The Brassicaceae, which are cultivated worldwide, use glucosinolates and their decomposition products to defend themselves against attacks by harmful organisms. The glucosinolate content varies among individual plant species, plant organs and developmental stages. The glucosinolate content in plants is also affected by biotic and abiotic factors, while the type or quantity of glucosinolate determines the susceptibility of the plants to insect pests. These facts can pose a problem when implementing this knowledge in cultivation of the Brassicaceae, especially in regions with moderate climates where Brassicaceae crops are exposed to attacks by a large number of harmful organisms. Under these circumstances, it is essential to research new, or to improve the existing environmentally acceptable methods of protecting Brassicaceae plants against economically important pests.

Biosecurity: tools, behaviours and concepts

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-452
Author(s):  
Alan MacLeod ◽  
Nicola Spence
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Surveillance Programs ◽  
Harmful Organisms ◽  
The One ◽  
Biosecurity Practices

COVID 19 has raised the profile of biosecurity. However, biosecurity is not only about protecting human life. This issue brings together mini-reviews examining recent developments and thinking around some of the tools, behaviours and concepts around biosecurity. They illustrate the multi-disciplinary nature of the subject, demonstrating the interface between research and policy. Biosecurity practices aim to prevent the spread of harmful organisms; recognising that 2020 is the International Year of Plant Health, several focus on plant biosecurity although invasive species and animal health concerns are also captured. The reviews show progress in developing early warning systems and that plant protection organisations are increasingly using tools that compare multiple pest threats to prioritise responses. The bespoke modelling of threats can inform risk management responses and synergies between meteorology and biosecurity provide opportunities for increased collaboration. There is scope to develop more generic models, increasing their accessibility to policy makers. Recent research can improve pest surveillance programs accounting for real-world constraints. Social science examining individual farmer behaviours has informed biosecurity policy; taking a broader socio-cultural approach to better understand farming networks has the potential to change behaviours in a new way. When encouraging public recreationists to adopt positive biosecurity behaviours communications must align with their values. Bringing together the human, animal, plant and environmental health sectors to address biosecurity risks in a common and systematic manner within the One Biosecurity concept can be achieved through multi-disciplinary working involving the life, physical and social sciences with the support of legislative bodies and the public.

scholarly journals Germplasm Conservation: Instrumental in Agricultural Biodiversity—A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6743
Author(s):  
Veerala Priyanka ◽  
Rahul Kumar ◽  
Inderpreet Dhaliwal ◽  
Prashant Kaushik
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Genetic Instability ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Agricultural Biodiversity ◽  
Genetic Composition ◽  
In Vitro Techniques ◽  
Protection Strategies

Germplasm is a valuable natural resource that provides knowledge about the genetic composition of a species and is crucial for conserving plant diversity. Germplasm protection strategies not only involve rescuing plant species threatened with extinction, but also help preserve all essential plants, on which rests the survival of all organisms. The successful use of genetic resources necessitates their diligent collection, storage, analysis, documentation, and exchange. Slow growth cultures, cryopreservation, pollen and DNA banks, botanical gardens, genetic reserves, and farmers’ fields are a few germplasm conservation techniques being employed. However, the adoption of in-vitro techniques with any chance of genetic instability could lead to the destruction of the entire substance, but the improved understanding of basic regeneration biology would, in turn, undoubtedly increase the capacity to regenerate new plants, thus expanding selection possibilities. Germplasm conservation seeks to conserve endangered and vulnerable plant species worldwide for future proliferation and development; it is also the bedrock of agricultural production.

Responses of insect pests, pathogens, and invasive plant species to climate change in the forests of northeastern North America: What can we predict?This article is one of a selection of papers from NE Forests 2100: A Synthesis of Climate Change Impacts on Forests of the Northeastern US and Eastern Canada.

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Dukes ◽  
Jennifer Pontius ◽  
David Orwig ◽  
Jeffrey R. Garnas ◽  
Vikki L. Rodgers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Adelges Tsugae ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Invasive Plant Species ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nuisance Species

Climate models project that by 2100, the northeastern US and eastern Canada will warm by approximately 3–5 °C, with increased winter precipitation. These changes will affect trees directly and also indirectly through effects on “nuisance” species, such as insect pests, pathogens, and invasive plants. We review how basic ecological principles can be used to predict nuisance species’ responses to climate change and how this is likely to impact northeastern forests. We then examine in detail the potential responses of two pest species (hemlock woolly adelgid ( Adelges tsugae Annand) and forest tent caterpillar ( Malacosoma disstria Hubner)), two pathogens (armillaria root rot ( Armillaria spp.) and beech bark disease ( Cryptococcus fagisuga Lind. + Neonectria spp.)), and two invasive plant species (glossy buckthorn ( Frangula alnus Mill.) and oriental bittersweet ( Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb.)). Several of these species are likely to have stronger or more widespread effects on forest composition and structure under the projected climate. However, uncertainty pervades our predictions because we lack adequate data on the species and because some species depend on complex, incompletely understood, unstable relationships. While targeted research will increase our confidence in making predictions, some uncertainty will always persist. Therefore, we encourage policies that allow for this uncertainty by considering a wide range of possible scenarios.

Plant induced spatial distribution of nematodes in a semi-natural grassland

Nematology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Viketoft
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Nematode Communities ◽  
The Family ◽  
Natural Grassland ◽  
Nematode Fauna

AbstractThis study describes the nematode community in a semi-natural grassland and investigates if certain individual plant species can cause a spatial structure in the nematode fauna. Nematode communities were analysed in soil under Trifolium repens, Festuca ovina and from randomly taken samples. Seventy-nine nematode genera were identified. Some of the species found have not previously been reported from Sweden. Multivariate analysis separated the nematode communities associated with the two selected plant species from each other, and several individual nematode genera differed in abundance between the plant species. Trifolium repens supported greater populations of the plant feeder Tylenchorhynchus and the bacterial feeders Eucephalobus, Chiloplacus, Eumonhystera and Panagrolaimus, but fewer numbers of the bacterial feeder Achromadora. Soil under F. ovina contained more nematodes from the family Alaimidae. A comparison is given with other studies from grassland systems in Sweden.

Evaluating Protection Strategies for an Invasive Plant Species

2021 ◽  
pp. 285-302
Author(s):  
David Lewis ◽  
Christopher A. Wada ◽  
Kimberly M. Burnett ◽  
James Leary ◽  
Brooke Mahnken
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Invasive Plant Species ◽  
Protection Strategies

Photosynthetic and anatomical responses of three plant species at two altitudinal levels in the Neotropical savannah

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinícius Coelho Kuster ◽  
Silvana Aparecida Barbosa de Castro ◽  
Fernando Henrique Aguiar Vale
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Palisade Parenchyma ◽  
Structural Modifications ◽  
Physiological Alterations ◽  
Roupala Montana ◽  
Plastic Responses

The phytophysiognomies of the Neotropical savannah occur at different altitudes, which can determine distinctions in the levels of light and shade that plants are exposed. The focus of the study is analysing the functional traits of the leaves of Byrsonima verbascifolia (L.) Rich., Roupala montana Aubl. and Solanum lycocarpum A. St.-Hil. growing in phytophysiognomies at two distinct altitudes. We evaluated leaf anatomy, the quantum yield of photosystem II, and the photosynthetic pigments in plants occurring at two areas of Campo sujo, which are separated by 700 m of altitude, during the rainy season. The three plant species occurring at higher altitudes had thicker adaxial epidermis. B. verbascifolia and S. lycocarpum occurring at higher altitudes had thicker palisade parenchyma, whereas only B. verbascifolia had thicker spongy parenchyma at the same site. The quantum yield of photosystem II, and photosynthetic pigments had little differences between plants occurring at higher and lower altitudes. The results analysed show high structural modifications and low physiological alterations from altitudinal conditions. Thus, the influence of the abiotic factors appears to modulate the plastic responses of plants across altitude.

scholarly journals Biopesticides the sustainable way of organic and healthy tomato production

Gradus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Endre Pölös ◽  
Csaba Szabó ◽  
András Palkovics ◽  
Fernanda Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Chili Pepper ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Harmful Organisms

In our experiment, we used allelochemicals in vegetable production that can be incorporated in part or in whole into integrated pest management or in organic production. The plant extracts we used can be applied to the crop in the same way as conventional pesticides. Correlations can be found between the allelochemicals that we used in plant protection, the positive change in the average yield, the reduction of harmful organisms and the health status of the cultivated plants. Bioherbicide has been shown to be an effective weed control containing allelochemicals that inhibit photosynthesis.Extracts of extremely hot chili pepper (Capsicum annuum ssp.) varieties, aqueous solutions of essential oils of herbs and spices were used for plant protection in tomato plantations under open field conditions. The results show that chili pepper extract is a strong repellent, and lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) essential oil solution has a repellent, fungicidal and bactericidal effect at the same time.

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