scholarly journals Characteristics of W/O emulsions containing polymeric emulsifier PEG 30-dipolyhydroxystearate

2016 ◽  
pp. 219-230
Author(s):  
Jelena Milinkovic ◽  
Lidija Petrovic ◽  
Jadranka Fraj ◽  
Sandra Bucko ◽  
Jaroslav Katona
Keyword(s):  
Droplet Size ◽  
Droplet Size Distribution ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Sedimentation Stability ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Paraffin Oil ◽  
Grape Seed Oil ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Polymeric Emulsifier ◽  
The One

Water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions are dispersed systems which are often used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries as products, or as carriers of active substances. It is well known that they are very unstable, so that selection of the emulsifier and properties of the oil and water phase are main factors affecting their stability. The aim of this paper was to examine the possibility of application of a lipophilic, polymeric emulsifier, PEG 30-dipolyhydroxystearate (CithrolTM DPHS), for stabilization of W/O emulsions. Behaviour of the emulsifier at W/O interfaces was determined by means of tensiometry. A series of emulsions were prepared with 20% (w/w) of water and different types of oil. Droplet size, droplet size distribution, viscosity, and sedimentation stability during 30 days of storage at room temperature of the emulsions prepared with paraffin oil, olive oil, grape seed oil, and medium-chain triglycerides, stabilized with 1% CithrolTM DPHS, were determined. All investigated emulsions were stable for 30 days, except the one prepared with paraffin oil. The results of this study confirmed that PEG 30-dipolyhydroxylstearate is a good emulsifier and stabilizer of W/O emulsions which contain different types of oil.

scholarly journals An investigation of influence of solvent on the degradation kinetics of carotenoids in oil extracts of Calendula officinalis

2005 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejan Bezbradica ◽  
Jela Milic-Askrabic ◽  
Slobodan Petrovic ◽  
Slavica Siler-Marinkovic
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Calendula Officinalis ◽  
Paraffin Oil ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Grape Seed Oil ◽  
The Stability

The stability of carotenoids was studied in marigold oil extracts prepared with following solvents: Myritol 312?, paraffin oil, almond oil, olive oil, sunflower oil, grape seed oil, and soybean oil. The concentration of the carotenoids was determined by spectroscopic measurement at 450 nm. Degradation rate showed a first order dependence on the concentration of carotenoids with a faster first stage (which lasted 35-50 days, depending on the solvent) and a slower second stage. The highest degradation rates were observed in extracts prepared with linoleic acid rich solvents (sunflower oil, soybean oil and grape seed oil), while the lowest were found in oil with saturated fatty acids (Myritol 312?) and paraffin oil. These results confirm the connection between the degradation of carotenoids and lipid autoxidation, and suggest that the influence of the oil solvents on the stability of oil extracts of Calendula officinalis is a factor that must be considered when selecting a solvent for the production of marigold oil extracts.

scholarly journals Evaluation of electrostatic sprayers and foggers for the application of disinfectants in the era of SARS-CoV-2

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257434
Author(s):  
Joseph P. Wood ◽  
Matthew Magnuson ◽  
Abderrahmane Touati ◽  
Jerome Gilberry ◽  
Jonathan Sawyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Spray Deposition ◽  
Droplet Size Distribution ◽  
Electrostatic Charge ◽  
Spray Parameters ◽  
Spray Process ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Median Diameter

Although research has shown that the COVID-19 disease is most likely caused by airborne transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, disinfection of potentially contaminated surfaces is also recommended to limit the spread of the disease. Use of electrostatic sprayers (ESS) and foggers to rapidly apply disinfectants over large areas or to complex surfaces has emerged with the COVID-19 pandemic. ESSs are designed to impart an electrostatic charge to the spray droplets with the goal of increasing deposition of the droplets onto surfaces, thereby promoting more efficient use of the disinfectant. The purpose of this research was to evaluate several spray parameters for different types of sprayers and foggers, as they relate to the application of disinfectants. Some of the parameters evaluated included the spray droplet size distribution, the electrostatic charge, the ability of the spray to wrap around objects, and the loss of disinfectant chemical active ingredient due to the spray process. The results show that most of the devices evaluated for droplet size distribution had an average volume median diameter ≥ 40 microns, and that four out of the six ESS tested for charge/mass produced sprays of at least 0.1 mC/kg. A minimal wrap-around effect of the spray deposition onto a cylindrical object was observed. The loss of disinfectant active ingredient to the air due to spraying was minimal for the two disinfectants tested, and concurrently, the active ingredient concentrations of the liquid disinfectants sprayed and collected 3 feet (1 meter) away from the spray nozzle do not decrease.

scholarly journals Fog Classification by Their Droplet Size Distributions: Application to the Characterization of Cerema’s Platform

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Duthon ◽  
Michèle Colomb ◽  
Frédéric Bernardin
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Droplet Size Distribution ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Distribution Range ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Radiation Fogs ◽  
Droplet Size Distributions

Fog is one of major challenges for transportation systems. The automation of the latter is based on perception sensors that can be disrupted by atmospheric conditions. As fog conditions are random and non-reproducible in nature, Cerema has designed a platform to generate fog and rain on demand. Two types of artificial fog with different droplet size distributions are generated: they correspond to radiation fogs with small and medium droplets. This study presents an original method for classifying these different types of fog in a descriptive and quantitative way. It uses a new fog classification coefficient based on a principal component analysis, which measures the ability of a pair of droplet size distribution descriptors to differentiate between the two different types of fog. This method is applied to a database containing more than 12,000 droplet size distributions collected within the platform. It makes it possible to show: (1) that the two types of fog proposed by Cerema have significantly different droplet size distributions, for meteorological visibility values from 10 m to 1000 m; (2) that the proposed droplet size distribution range is included in the natural droplet size distribution range; (3) that the proposed droplet size distribution range should be extended in particular with larger droplets. Finally, the proposed method makes it possible to compare the different fog droplet size distribution descriptors proposed in the literature.

scholarly journals Whey Proteins as a Potential Co-Surfactant with Aesculus hippocastanum L. as a Stabilizer in Nanoemulsions Derived from Hempseed Oil

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (19) ◽  
pp. 5856
Author(s):  
Wojciech Smułek ◽  
Przemysław Siejak ◽  
Farahnaz Fathordoobady ◽  
Łukasz Masewicz ◽  
Yigong Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Droplet Size ◽  
Whey Proteins ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Droplet Size Distribution ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Aesculus Hippocastanum ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Natural Surfactants

The use of natural surfactants including plant extracts, plant hydrocolloids and proteins in nanoemulsion systems has received commercial interest due to demonstrated safety of use and potential health benefits of plant products. In this study, a whey protein isolate (WPI) from a byproduct of cheese production was used to stabilize a nanoemulsion formulation that contained hempseed oil and the Aesculus hippocastanum L. extract (AHE). A Box–Behnken experimental design was used to set the formulation criteria and the optimal nanoemulsion conditions, used subsequently in follow-up experiments that measured specifically emulsion droplet size distribution, stability tests and visual quality. Regression analysis showed that the concentration of HSO and the interaction between HSO and the WPI were the most significant factors affecting the emulsion polydispersity index and droplet size (nm) (p < 0.05). Rheological tests, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis and L*a*b* color parameters were also taken to characterize the physicochemical properties of the emulsions. Emulsion systems with a higher concentration of the AHE had a potential metabolic activity up to 84% in a microbiological assay. It can be concluded from our results that the nanoemulsion system described herein is a safe and stable formulation with potential biological activity and health benefits that complement its use in the food industry.

scholarly journals Review of electrospray observations and theory

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Bošković ◽  
Branko Bugarski
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Capillary Tube ◽  
Droplet Diameter ◽  
Droplet Size Distribution ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Different Types

While a liquid is dripping out of a capillary tube, there is a possibility to affect the characteristics of the exiting flow in certain ways. One of the ways already used is by introducing an electric field that can be used to change the average droplet diameter and the droplet size distribution. This process is called electrospraying, while the theory behind it is sometimes called electrohydrodynamics (EHD). This phenomenon has been investigated for more than a hundred years both empirically and theoretically. In this paper, a review of the available literature and the empirical and theoretical findings is presented. A new classification of the electrospray modes had to be given to include all the different modes mentioned by different authors. The necessary pieces of the equipment and their different types are also given.

MODELING DROPLET SIZE DISTRIBUTION NEAR A NOZZLE OUTLET IN AN ICING WIND TUNNEL

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 673-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laszlo E. Kollar ◽  
Masoud Farzaneh ◽  
Anatolij R. Karev
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Droplet Size Distribution ◽  
Nozzle Outlet

CFD simulation of ultrasonic atomization pyrolysis reactor: the influence of droplet behaviors and solvent evaporation

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Wang ◽  
Jichuan Wu ◽  
Shouqi Yuan ◽  
Wei-Cheng Yan
Keyword(s):  
Flow Pattern ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Droplet Size Distribution ◽  
Solvent Evaporation ◽  
Droplet Collision ◽  
Ultrasonic Atomization

Abstract Previous work showed that particle behaviors in ultrasonic atomization pyrolysis (UAP) reactor have a great influence on the transport and collection of particles. In this study, the effects of droplet behaviors (i.e. droplet collision and breakage) and solvent evaporation on the droplet size, flow field and collection efficiency during the preparation of ZnO particles by UAP were investigated. The collision, breakage and solvent evaporation conditions which affect the droplet size distribution and flow pattern were considered in CFD simulation based on Eulerian-Lagrangian method. The results showed that droplet collision and breakage would increase the droplet size, broaden the droplet size distribution and hinder the transport of droplets. Solvent evaporation obviously changed the flow pattern of droplets. In addition, both droplet behaviors and solvent evaporation reduced the collection efficiency. This study could provide detail information for better understanding the effect of droplet behaviors and solvent evaporation on the particle production process via UAP reactor.

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