scholarly journals The effect of stocking density on certain broiler welfare parameters

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 11-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdenka Skrbic ◽  
Z. Pavlovski ◽  
M. Lukic ◽  
L. Peric ◽  
N. Milosevic
Keyword(s):  
Stocking Density ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Walking Ability ◽  
Total Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Stress Indicators ◽  
Broiler Production ◽  
Gait Score ◽  
Foot Pad

In broiler production, stocking density, i.e. floor surface per chicken, is very important welfare factor which directly and indirectly influences and determines the level of growth of chicken body weight, but it is also related to other welfare indicators. Objective of the paper was to define the broiler welfare in different stocking densities by evaluation of their walking ability (gait score), feathering, incidence and degree of hock burns, foot pad lesions, and by determination of the biochemical blood parameters (glucose concentration, total cholesterol concentration), as indicators of condition of stress. One day old chickens of Hubbard genotype were housed in boxes in floor rearing system, in 3 stocking densities and 5 repetitions of each treatment. Treatment A scored stocking density of 10 birds/m2; treatment B, 13 birds/m2 and treatment C, 16 birds/m2. Results of the trial indicate absence of significance of differences between trial groups of broilers in regard to their walking ability, condition of skin and legs, and stress indicators. In general, broiler welfare in all trial groups was satisfactory. However, determined tendencies of worsening of the condition of litter, increase of the frequency of lower scores for walking ability (gait score), hock burns and foot pad lesions which occur with increase of stocking density, indicate the importance of this rearing factor and need to define limiting stocking densities from the aspect of broiler welfare but also economical efficiency of production. .

scholarly journals Effects of Using Hazelnut Husk, Wood Shaving and of the Mixture at Different Thicknesses on Broiler Performances, Some Organ Weights, Foot-Pad Dermatitis and Litter Traits

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1399-1404
Author(s):  
Musa Sarıca ◽  
Kadir Erensoy
Keyword(s):  
Stocking Density ◽  
Litter Type ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Wood Shavings ◽  
Broiler Production ◽  
Litter Traits ◽  
Hazelnut Husk ◽  
Wood Shaving ◽  
Foot Pad ◽  
The Cost

This study was carried out to determine the effects of the use of hazelnut husk (HH), wood shavings (WS) and the mixture of 50% hazelnut husk + 50% wood shavings (MIX) in two different thicknesses (4 and 8 cm) as a litter material in broiler production. The experiment was carried out as a factorial experimental design (3 litter type and 2 thickness) and stocking density was 10 chickens per m2. At 6 wk. of age, the effect of litter types and thicknesses on broiler live weights, feed efficiency, and livability, were not significant. Also, no differences were found in terms of gizzard, digestive tract, abdominal fat and edible internal organ weight percentages. While carcass yield varied between litter groups, there was no difference between litter thicknesses. The litter moisture levels at the end of the trial were not affected the litter type and litter thickness, while the foot pad dermatitis (FPD) rates were significantly affected. The highest FPD levels were determined in the HH litter and 4 cm thickness. As a result, the use of HH, WS and MIX of them with a thickness of 4 and 8 cm had no effect on other traits except for FPD levels. It has been observed that these litter materials may be used successfully in broiler production and use of 8 cm thickness litter has minor positive effects except that the cost of litter has doubled.

scholarly journals Potentiality of Periphyton-based Aquaculture Technology in Rice-fish Environment

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 624-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Saikia ◽  
D. N. Das
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Fish Culture ◽  
Arunachal Pradesh ◽  
Gut Content ◽  
Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Feed Source ◽  
Rice Fish ◽  
Supplementary Feed

Periphyton is being used traditionally as rich aquatic feed for fishes throughout the countries like Cambodia, West Africa, Srilanka, India and Bangladesh. In waterlogged rice environment, it can be judiciously utilized as feed source introducing periphytophagous fish. Studies supported rice straw as suitable substrate for periphyton growth. The study of gut content of Common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) from a periphyton-based rice-fish culture system in Apatani Plateau of Arunachal Pradesh, India showed maximum of 60 genera of microflora and fauna with periphytic in nature. The farmers from this rice-fish culture practice are gaining an average fish production of 500kg ha-1 180 day-1 without employing any supplementary feed. Better selection and determination of appropriate stocking density of periphytophagous fish in waterlogged rice-fields might extend the rice-fish culture towards a sustainable and self-substrating periphyton based aquaculture (SSPBA) practice. Keywords: Periphyton; Sustainable agriculture; Rice-fish; Self-substrating; Common carp; Apatani plateau. © 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i3.2114              J. Sci. Res. 1 (3), 624-634 (2009) 

scholarly journals UJI AKTIVITAS EKSTRAK BUAS-BUAS (PREMNA SERRATIFOLIA LINN) SEBAGAI ANTI KOLESTEROL SECARA IN VITRO

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dini Hadiarti
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Standard Curve ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Standard Solution ◽  
The Cost

ABSTRACTPremna Serratifolia Linn is believed to reduce cholesterol and as an alternative herbal medicine solution among the cost of medicine and the side effects caused by synthetic drugs. This study was conducted in several phases by using Premna Serratifolia Linn which was drained, mashed, and macerated using ethanol, choloform, and n-heksane. Extract obtained from evaporation, then whighed, and stored in a desiccators. Anti-cholesterol activity was tested test by using in vitro : began with determination of the maximum wavelength of the cholesterol standard solution with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer and continued by manufacturing the standard curve with the cholesterol concentration of 0.5; 0.75; 1; 1.25; and 1.5 mL and 1000 ppm cholesterol solution. Furthermore, maximum absorbance wavelength was measured in order to obtain the maximum wavelength of the cholesterol. The study reveled that the solvent extraction of ethanol produced the largest  rendement. The extract Premna Serratifolia Linn is functioned as an anti-cholesterol. In addition,  the absorbed reduction of 100 ppm cholesterol standard solution found in the addition of 0.5 mL choloform extract.Keywords: Anti-cholesterol, Premna Serratifolia Linn, In Vitro

Activity-related variation in blood parameters associated with oxygen transport and chronic stress in little penguins

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Mortimer ◽  
Alan Lill
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Body Condition Index ◽  
Stress Indicators ◽  
Nutrient Demand ◽  
Blood Haemoglobin ◽  
Oxygen Carrying Capacity

Some birds facing energy ‘bottlenecks’ display elevated oxidative metabolism and oxygen delivery to tissues and could be particularly susceptible to chronic stress. We examined whether there was evidence for such trends in little penguins (Eudyptula minor) over the period from breeding to the post-moulting stage and particularly during the onshore moult-fast. Penguin parents contribute equally to incubation, brooding and brood provisioning. A few weeks post-breeding, adults undergo a protracted, terrestrial moult-fast and then make brief visits to the colony during the post-moulting stage. Provisioning nestling(s) and moulting could theoretically be particularly energetically and nutritionally demanding. We determined for adults whether mass, a body condition index and blood parameters influencing vascular oxygen carrying capacity (hematocrit, Hct; whole blood haemoglobin, Hb) and indicating chronic stress (leukocyte count, WBC; heterophil/lymphocyte ratio, H/L) varied from August to May in a manner reflecting likely variation in energy and nutrient demand. Female mass and body condition index decreased significantly between the incubation and guard stages, before returning to incubation levels between the guard and post-guard nestling stages. Both parameters declined to their lowest levels between the post-guard and moult stages, before increasing to levels comparable with those during nestling care between the moult and post-moult stages. Blood parameters in both sexes exhibited temporal variation similar to that in female mass and body condition index, declining to their lowest levels during moult and increasing after the moult to levels comparable with those during breeding. Results indicated that the period of most intense provisioning of nestlings was associated with a decrease in blood oxygen carrying capacity, but no pronounced change in chronic stress indicators. However, the penguin’s moult-fast involved a loss of female body condition and, in both sexes, a reduction in body mass, vascular oxygen carrying capacity and possibly specific immune competence. Thus, regulation of human disturbance in accessible little penguin colonies may be particularly important during moult.

Direct Fluorometric Determination of Total Cholesterol in Serum Using Derivatized Cholesterol Oxidase

2000 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 1157-1162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Galbán ◽  
José F. Sierra ◽  
José M. López Sebastian ◽  
Susana de Marcos ◽  
Juan R. Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Oxidase ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Direct Determination ◽  
Analytical Signal ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Response Range

In this paper the use of cholesterol oxidase derivatized with a fluorescein derivative is proposed for the direct determination of total cholesterol in blood serum. The method is based on the changes in the fluorescence of the solution during the enzymatic reaction (λexe = 498 nm and λem 519 nm). A mathematical model which relates the analytical signal to the total cholesterol concentration was developed, and the model can also be used to obtain some of the thermodynamic constants of the process. The method has a linear response range up to 70 mg/L of cholesterol, a detection limit of 2.5 mg/L, and the precision was 1.0% (40 mg/L cholesterol, n = 10). The method was applied to total cholesterol determination in blood serum samples. The results were compared to those obtained by a commercial analyzer, and statistically similar results were obtained. The use of derivatized cholesterol oxidase makes it possible to simplify the methodology normally used in this type of determination (the indicator reaction is avoided and the number of reagents reduced), with the added advantage that the analytical signal is independent of the concentrations of O2 and cholesterol oxidase.

Effect of dietary nano-selenium on stress indicators, immune response, and DNA damage in broiler subjected to different stocking density

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ö. Sevim* ◽  
U. Ahsan ◽  
O. Tatlı ◽  
E. Kuter ◽  
E. Karimiyan Khamseh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Stress Indicators
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