Status of milk production sector in Montenegro

Quantitative and qualitative parameters of the milk production sector in Montenegro, addressing both production and processing have been evaluated. In Montenegro, livestock production is focused on cattle, sheep and goats and to lower extent pig and poultry. Montenegro dairy sector characterized by small-scale farming. Milk production based on about 26270 farms with average herd size of 2.9 cows and milk yield 2700 kg/cow has a very different structure to that in the EU-27. The small-scale structure of Montenegrin milk production results in the sector operating with a number of inefficiencies at the production level. Regarding processing diary industry there have been the positive changes: new dairies were established, collection area is enlarged, range of products is also widened. Maybe the most promising change is cheese production and its presence in many markets. Total self-sufficiency rate of milk and dairy products is at a level of about 60%. The remaining needs are imported, which is around 30 million euros. In order to strengthen production and market position of domestic dairy products and to further develop dairy sector, as very specific and sensitive one, the efforts should be focused on remove weak points and to make stronger the whole value chain. In addition to the domestic support schemes, pre-accession EU support (IPARD) should target investments in primary production of milk and processing sector.

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STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN THE MILK PRODUCTION SECTOR AND FOOD SECURITY – THE CASE OF POLAND

Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0013.2069 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol XXI (2) ◽

pp. 318-327

Author(s):

Maria Zuba-Ciszewska

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Milk Production ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Cow Milk ◽

Simultaneous Increase ◽

Production Volume ◽

Production Sector ◽

Self Sufficiency ◽

Market Output ◽

Milk Market

The aim of the work was to find an answer to the question of how the changes in the milk production sector in Poland, following the marketization of the economy, influenced the country’s food security in the context of food self-sufficiency. The paper uses cow milk balances developed by the Central Statistical Office and data concerning the distribution of domestic milk production from the Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics National Research Institute. The study used a comparative analysis over time, indicators as well as descriptive and graphic methods. The indicators used concerned milk market output, food self-sufficiency and the milk balance structure. During the first few years of transformation, there was a sharp drop in domestic milk production. Since 2004, there has been, with minor exceptions, a systematic increase in production with a previous general fall in production volume. These processes were accompanied by changes resulting from the transformation of the economy in the milk production sector. These were associated with a drastic reduction, since 1990, of the number of farms involved in milk production and the decline in the number of dairy cows, albeit with a simultaneous increase in milk yield. The milk market output index increased. In 2015, resource in the milk balance returned to the level of 1991, i.e. over 14.5 bln liters. In 2017, this figure amounted to 15 bln liters. Domestic milk production is the main source of resource, though the volume of imports is significantly increasing. Despite dynamic growth of exports, milk is mainly used for domestic consumption. From 1990 onwards, Poland has significantly improved its self-sufficiency in milk production. Changes in milk production have significantly influenced food security in the country.

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Sources and uses of information on a West Coast dairy farm

Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association ◽

10.33584/jnzg.2002.64.2460 ◽

2002 ◽

pp. 31-32

Author(s):

C. Van der Geest

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Time Pressure ◽

Data Gathering ◽

Technical Information ◽

Dairy Farm ◽

Farming System ◽

Herd Size ◽

Financial Benefit ◽

Nitrogen Response ◽

Directional Information

I am a 30-year-old sharemilker on my parent's 600 cow developing farm near Blackball on the western side of the Grey Valley. Earlier this year I competed in the National Young Farmer of the Year competition and finished a close third. So what is information? There are two types of information that I use. There is data gathered from my farm to help fine tune the running of the day to day operations on the farm And directional information This is the information that arrives in papers and directs the long-term direction and plans of the farm and farming businesses. Due to the variability in weather on the Coast there is a greater need to monitor and adjust the farming system compared to an area like Canterbury. This was shown last year (2001/02) when the farm was undergoing a rapid period of development and I was under time restraints from increasing the herd size, building a new shed as well as developing the farm. The results of the time pressure was that day to day information gathering was lower resulting in per cow production falling by 11% or around $182 per cow. So what information was lacking that caused this large drop in profit. • Pasture growth rates • Cow condition • Nitrogen requirements • Paddock performance • Milk production • Pre-mating heat detection As scientists and advisers I hear you say that it is the farmer's responsibility to gather and analyse this information. You have the bigger topics to research and discover, gene marking, improving pasture species, sexing of sperm and ideas that I have not even contemplated yet. This is indeed very valuable research. Where would farming be without the invention of electric fences, artificial breeding and nitrogen research? But my problem is to take a farm with below average production to the top 10% in production with the existing technology and farming principles. I have all the technical information I need at the end of a phone. I can and do ring my consultant, fertiliser rep, vet, neighbour and due to the size and openness of New Zealand science, at present if they do not know I can ring an expert in agronomy, nutrition, soils and receive the answer that I require. I hope that this openness remains as in a time of privatisation and cost cutting it is a true advantage. I feel that for myself the next leap in information is not in the growing of grass or production of milk but in the tools to collect, store and utilise that information. This being tied to a financial benefit to the farming business is the real reason that I farm. Think of the benefits of being able to read pasture cover on a motorbike instantly downloaded, overlaying cow intake with milk production, changes in cow weight, daily soil temperature and predicted nitrogen response. Telling me low producing cows and poor producing paddocks, any potential feed deficits or surpluses. This would be a powerful information tool to use. The majority of this information is already available but until the restraints of time and cost are removed from data gathering and storage, this will not happen.

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COST OF MILK PRODUCTION AND BREAK EVEN ANALYSIS OF MEMBER AND NON MEMBER OF DAIRY COOPERATIVE SOCIETY FOR MILCH ANIMALS (COW & BUFFALO) IN DISTRICT ETAWAH OF U.P.

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE ◽

10.24297/jaa.v2i1.4251 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 30-37

Author(s):

Ashish Chandra ◽

Dr. A. K. Dubey ◽

Dr. Sachin Kumar Srivastava

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Herd Size ◽

Total Cost ◽

Minimum Quantity ◽

Cooperative Society ◽

Point Analysis ◽

Large Herd ◽

Breakeven Point

This study covered 150 cooperative member milk producers and 150 non-member milk producers which were post- stratified into Landless, Marginal, small, medium and large herd size categories. Breakeven point is a point where no profit no loss status achieved where MR = MC. In this study breakeven point analysis was done to estimate the minimum quantity milk to be produced to cover the total cost on all categories (members and nonmembers) of households of milch animals (Cow and buffalo). And also in this study the researchers have find out the Total cost of milk production per liter for member and non member categories. This study is helpful to find out the total cost of milk production in all categories as well as members and nonmembers of dairy cooperative society are able to find out the breakeven point of the whole business.

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Immunodetection of Ostertagia ostertagi in Cattle Milk Samples in Wasit Province

Journal of Education College Wasit University ◽

10.31185/eduj.vol1.iss28.29 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (28) ◽

pp. 637-648

Author(s):

Abbas Hassan Khlaty Al-Sray

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Herd Size ◽

Elisa Test ◽

Production Factor ◽

Size Factor ◽

Ostertagia Ostertagi ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Management Group ◽

Breed Group ◽

Age Factor

The aim of present study was to detect the seroprevalence of Ostertagia ostertagi specific antibodies in cattle milk samples in Wasit province, by using the indirect ELISA test for first time in Iraq. For this purpose, an overall 368 dairies cow was submitted for study and the results were revealed that 51 (13.86 %) of tested cows were positive, and the mean optic density ratios (ODRs) of ELISA test values in seropositive cattle were 0.58. Also, this study aimed to investigate an association of seropositive results with some epidemiological risk factors. Hence, the positive results, according to these factors, were as follow: in milk production factor, 6.32 % for ³18 liters/day group, 14.29 % for ³10-18 liters/day group, and 25 % for < 10 liters/day group; in age factor, 13.41% for ³3-6 years group, and 14.75% for >6 years group; in breed factor, 18.27% for local breed group, 12.17% for cross-breed group, and 12% for pure breed group; in farm management factor, 21.35% for bad management group, and 5.68% for good management group; and in herd size factor, 11.59% for <25 (cow/herd) group, and 17.78% for ³ 25 (cow/herd) group. Statistically, the significant differences (P£ 0.05) were observed among related groups of milk production, breed, husbandry management, and herd size factors; while it’s not reported among groups of age factor.

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Evaluation of Virtual Water and Water Sustainability of Dairy Production in Trentino Alto Adige (North-Eastern Italy)

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11041047 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 1047

Author(s):

Pier Paolo Miglietta ◽

Federica De Leo ◽

Benedetta Coluccia ◽

Yari Vecchio ◽

Fabian Capitanio

Keyword(s):

Water Availability ◽

Dairy Products ◽

Virtual Water ◽

Resource Depletion ◽

Small Scale ◽

Dairy Production ◽

Water Sustainability ◽

Freshwater Resource ◽

Total Turnover ◽

Protected Designations Of Origin

Dairy products play a significant role in the human diet, but they are often associated with high freshwater resource depletion. In Italy, the dairy sector represents more than 12% of the total turnover of the agri-food sector. Trentino Alto Adige is the first Italian region in terms of number of dairy farms, but it does not register a quantitatively consistent dairy production. Notwithstanding, it is characterized mostly by small-scale farms whose strengths are the Protected Designations of Origin and typical mountain productions. The present study aims at: (i) accounting for the virtual water VW of the main dairy products (milk, butter and cheese) produced in Trentino Alto Adige; (ii) estimating the renewable water resources based on the water flow assessment of the study area; (iii) assessing water sustainability comparing the virtual water consumption of the dairy sector at a regional level to the water availability. The findings show that the consumptive virtual water related to dairy production represents about 1% of the water availability in Trentino Alto Adige. Italy’s domestic dairy production is expanding to meet the growing demand, but the expansion of dairy farming in water-stressed regions should be avoided, preferring instead suitable mountain regions where small-scale farms represent a lively entrepreneurial substrate.

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A value chain analysis of interventions to control production diseases in the intensive pig production sector

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0231338 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. e0231338 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jarkko Niemi ◽

Richard Bennett ◽

Beth Clark ◽

Lynn Frewer ◽

Philip Jones ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Value Chain ◽

Value Chain Analysis ◽

Production Sector ◽

Pig Production ◽

A Value ◽

Chain Analysis ◽

Control Production ◽

Production Diseases

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Does eating local food reduce the environmental impact of food production and enhance consumer health?

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665110002004 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 69 (4) ◽

pp. 582-591 ◽

Cited By ~ 70

Author(s):

Gareth Edwards-Jones

Keyword(s):

Food System ◽

Local Food ◽

Local Level ◽

Qualitative Assessment ◽

Small Scale ◽

Quantitative Evidence ◽

Self Sufficiency ◽

Non Local ◽

The Uk ◽

The Impact

The concept of local food has gained traction in the media, engaged consumers and offered farmers a new marketing tool. Positive claims about the benefits of local food are probably not harmful when made by small-scale producers at the local level; however, greater concern would arise should such claims be echoed in policy circles. This review examines the evidence base supporting claims about the environmental and health benefits of local food. The results do not offer any support for claims that local food is universally superior to non-local food in terms of its impact on the climate or the health of consumers. Indeed several examples are presented that demonstrate that local food can on occasions be inferior to non-local food. The analysis also considers the impact on greenhouse gas emissions of moving the UK towards self-sufficiency. Quantitative evidence is absent on the changes in overall emissions that would occur if the UK switched to self-sufficiency. A qualitative assessment suggests the emissions per item of food would probably be greater under a scenario of self-sufficiency than under the current food system. The review does not identify any generalisable or systematic benefits to the environment or human health that arise from the consumption of local food in preference to non-local food.

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"What a Thing, then, is this Cow...": Positioning Domestic Livestock Animals in the Texts and Practices of Small-Scale "Self-Sufficiency"

Society and Animals ◽

10.1163/156853003769233351 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 145-165 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Lewis Holloway

Keyword(s):

Human Behavior ◽

Food Supply ◽

Food Production ◽

Social Economic ◽

Small Scale ◽

Self Sufficiency ◽

Domestic Livestock ◽

Political Conditions ◽

Human Animal ◽

Domestic Food

AbstractThis paper focuses on the positioning of animals other than human in the texts and practices of two versions of small-scale food "self-sufficiency" in Britain. The paper discusses the writings of Cobbett (1822/1926, 1830/1985) and Seymour (1960s/1970s) on self-sufficiency, suggesting that livestock animals are central, in a number of ways, to the constitution of these modes of self-sufficiency. First, animals are situated in both the texts and in the practicing of self-sufficiency regarded as essential parts of the economies and ecologies of small-scale food production. Second, animals' parts in these authors' criticisms of wider social, economic and political conditions supplement their role in small-scale domestic food supply. Animals become associated with a morality of human behavior and lifestyle and are part of the broader social critiques that the writing and practicing of these modes of self-sufficiency imply. These historically and geographically specific versions of self-sufficiency are valuable in defining and enacting possible alternative modes of human-animal relation in the context of food production.

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Is a 10-sow unit economically sustainable? A profitability assessment of productivity amongst small-holder pig farmers, Mpumalanga, South Africa

Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research ◽

10.4102/ojvr.v83i1.1011 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 83 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Priscilla Munzhelele ◽

James W. Oguttu ◽

Folorunso O. Fasina

Keyword(s):

Body Condition ◽

Value Chain ◽

Economies Of Scale ◽

Small Scale ◽

Scale Reduction ◽

Good Body Condition ◽

Commercial Feeds ◽

Small Holder ◽

Profitability Assessment ◽

Structured Questionnaire

The majority of small-holder pig farmers in Mpumalanga had between 1- and 10-sow herds. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the current government agricultural intervention (supply of 10 sows and a boar) in terms of technical and economic feasibilities and ascertain whether the small-scale pig value chain system alleviates poverty. Data were obtained from 220 randomly selected small-holder pig farmers using a semi-structured questionnaire. The results showed that 58% farrowed ≤ 10 piglets/born/sow/litter, 44.2% practiced no weaning method and many fed swill and leftovers alone (41.6%). Pair-wise association revealed that the feeding of commercial feeds had a relationship with pigs in relatively good to very good body condition. Pigs in poor body condition were positively correlated with the feeding of swill alone. The economic models for the 10-sow unit proved that pig farming is unprofitable if the current management and feeding systems that operate in the commercial industry are utilised. However, only through a combination of cooperative systems, benefits of economies of scale, reduction of preweaning mortalities and structured government inputs can pig production be profitable at this scale of production.Keywords: piglets; market; profit; economics; feeds

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