scholarly journals Regression models of volume increment percentage in the Most represented stands of coniferous tree species in Serbia

2002 ◽  
pp. 25-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanisa Bankovic ◽  
Milan Medarevic ◽  
Damjan Pantic
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Diameter Increment ◽  
Forest Inventories ◽  
Volume Increment ◽  
Large Scope ◽  
Coniferous Tree Species

Considering the great significance of volume increment in forestry, it is understandable that there are numerous methods of its assessment. However, all these methods have some disadvantages, either the accuracy of the obtained results, too large scope of works of forest inventory (economicity), or the restriction only to stands of certain silvicultural type. To make the method of stand volume increment more economic and simplified, we defined regression models for volume increment percentage assessment in fir, spruce, Austrian pine and Scots pine stands in Serbia. Empirical data were fitted by four regression models for each tree species. The criteria for the final selection of models for the determination of volume increment percentage were the relevant statistic parameters of regression and correlation analysis, and the degree of concordance of "real" and fitted ("table") values of volume increment percentage. The selected models for the above tree species are Fir Spruce Austrian pine Scots pine In the practical work of the assessment of current volume increment in the stand, in regular forest inventories, the method of volume increment percentage should be implemented with correction factors for the fitting of "table" (obtained by this method) values of volume increment and "real" values (obtained by the method of diameter increment), on at least 10 % of the stands of the same or similar stand class (same or similar tree species and stand form). In this way, the costs of forest inventory would be reduced, and the obtained results would range within the limits of the required accuracy .

scholarly journals The Effect of Climate on Tree-Ring Chronologies of Native and Nonnative Tree Species Growing Under Homogenous Site Conditions

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (-1) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Feliksik ◽  
Sławomir Wilczyński
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Diameter Increment

The Effect of Climate on Tree-Ring Chronologies of Native and Nonnative Tree Species Growing Under Homogenous Site ConditionsDendroclimatic studies were carried out in the experimental stands composed of many tree species situated in the Polish part of the Baltic sea-coast. Increment cores were taken from a 100-years old trees of 2 native species: Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestrisL.) and 3 nonnative species: Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii(Mirb.) Franco), Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis(Bong.) Carr.) and Silver fir (Abies albaMill.). Thirty trees of each species were cored. The relationships between the diameter increment and the thermal and pluvial conditions during the period from 1925 to 2005 were analyzed on the basis of standardized tree-ring chronologies and climatic data. It was found that precipitation and temperature of the growing season and months preceding that season affected the annual diameter increment of all investigated tree species. The current year winter and early spring temperatures as well as February and August precipitation had a similar effect on the variation of diameter increment of trees. On the other hand thermal and pluvial conditions of the current year June differentiated the increment rhythm of individual species. A very strong negative effect on diameter growth of trees was observed in the case of winter and early spring frosts. Norway spruce turned out to be a species most resistant to low temperatures. The investigated tree species, especially Norway spruce, was susceptible to water deficiency in the soil during spring and summer. In the case of Scots pine a high precipitation in June stimulated its growth. The diameter increments of Douglas fir, Sitka spruce, Scots pine, and Silver fir were more strongly connected with air temperature than with precipitation. So called all-species chronology of tree-ring width, constructed during this study, permitted to verify the factors having a similar effect on growth response of the investigated tree species. It reflected the mutual characteristics of diameter increments of trees of various species.

scholarly journals The influence of weather conditions on annual height increments of Scots pine

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kaźmierczak ◽  
Bogna Zawieja
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Lasso Regression ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Main Shoot ◽  
Volume Increment

Abstract Annual height increments are a very important characteristic of Scots pine. They have a direct effect on the determination of the dendrometric properties of a stand, such as volume increment. In the present study the data concern height increments of the main shoot in selected age classes of trees (age 72 to 92 years). A relationship is determined between the values of the increments and meteorological conditions such as temperature, precipitation and sunshine. On the basis of lasso regression analysis, precipitation in the year preceding the incremental season was shown to have the greatest effect on height increments of Scots pine.

scholarly journals Comparison of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) stem shape by means of geometrical methods

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 337-347
Author(s):  
M. Křepela ◽  
R. Petráš
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
European Larch ◽  
Inflection Points ◽  
Sample Test ◽  
Coniferous Tree Species ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Stem Shape

In this article the stem shape is compared in three coniferous tree species: Norway spruce, Scots pine and European larch. Stem is investigated by means of geometrical methods. Simplified Bookstein coordinates (stem shape diameters) and Procrustes coordinates were used for variability investigation. The material, originating from the Czech and Slovak territories, involved in total 3,346 spruce stems, 3,082 pine stems and 1,403 larch stems. The accordance of mean stem vectors was assessed by means of Hotelling&rsquo;s T<sup>2</sup> two-sample test. For stem shape diameters and Procrustes tangent coordinates, the variability was examined using the method of principal components analysis. The three most important principal components were diagrammatized and described. The relationship between the stem shape and its size was also investigated, and inflection points of morphological stem curve were described for all three tree species.

scholarly journals Influence of site conditions and silvicultural practice on the wood density of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) – a case study from the Doksy locality, Czech Republic

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 457-462
Author(s):  
Schönfelder Ondřej ◽  
Zeidler Aleš ◽  
Borůvka Vlastimil ◽  
Bílek Lukáš
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Regeneration Period ◽  
Coniferous Tree Species

After spruce, the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris Linnaeus) is the second most important commercial coniferous tree species in the Czech Republic. However, we are finding out that awareness of the variability of properties, and possibilities to affect them, are noticeably small for this type of tree species in our conditions. The goal of this study is to primarily evaluate the importance of site conditions, silvicultural measures and other factors for the density of Scots pine wood in the Doksy locality in the Czech Republic. The Doksy locality is represented by three forest stands with different silvicultural history. Samples were taken from each stand, the basal and central parts of which were subsequently processed for test samples with dimensions of 20 × 20 × 30 mm. Wood density at 12% moisture content was ascertained in the test samples. The highest density value of 0.541 g·cm<sup>–3</sup> was reached in a stand that is regenerated using the shelterwood method with long regeneration period, and the lowest density value of 0.488 g·cm<sup>–3</sup> was recorded in a stand that was regenerated using the clear-cutting method. From a forestry perspective, it can be further stated that the wood density of Scots pine is also affected by the site conditions and position of samples in the trunk.

Indoor storage time affects the quality and quantity of volatile monoterpenes emitted from softwood timber

Holzforschung ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Riina Muilu-Mäkelä ◽  
Petri Kilpeläinen ◽  
Veikko Kitunen ◽  
Anni Harju ◽  
Martti Venäläinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Test Chamber ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Coniferous Tree Species ◽  
One Year

Abstract Wood as a construction material affects indoor environmental quality by moisture buffering, good acoustic properties and by the wood specific volatile organic compounds (VOC). The most abundant VOCs of soft wood are volatile monoterpenes (VM) giving the typical odor of wood. In the present study, long-term VM emissions of wood of two northern coniferous tree species, Scots pine and Norway spruce were observed regularly during one year in storage. Fresh and dried 20 cm long wood blocks were placed in a test chamber; VMs were collected with the solid phase micro extraction fiber and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. Average emission of nine different VMs, α- and β-pinene, 3-carene, limonene, terpinolene, myrcene, camphene, ortho-cymene and ƴ-terpinene, decreased 68–87% during one-year long storage. Moisture content (MC), knots, tree species and tree individual affected the VM emissions from wood. When a certain level of MC (12%) was reached, the VM levels decreased, but the method of drying (industrial or dried in storage) did not affect the amount of released VMs. Rehydration and dehydration increased and decreased VM emissions, respectively. Moreover, two of the eight Scots pine heartwood planks contained almost no 3-carene while being the most abundant monoterpene in the others.

Seasonal dynamics of the radial increment of Scots pine and Norway spruce in the southern and middle boreal zones in Finland

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 606-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena M. Henttonen ◽  
Harri Mäkinen ◽  
Pekka Nöjd
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
National Forest Inventory ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Radial Increment ◽  
Boreal Zone ◽  
Vegetation Zones

In the Finnish National Forest Inventory thousands of trees are cored every year. Based on the increment cores we assessed the progress of the radial increment in Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst.) during the growing season. Data for 18 and 15 years were available from the southern and middle boreal zones, respectively. No major differences were found in the progress of the radial increment between either tree species or vegetation zones. In both zones, the radial increment began at approximately the same time, in late May or early June. On average, half of the annual radial increment was completed in early July, and ceased in late July or early August. However, there was large variation among years in the progress of the radial increment. On average, the radial-increment period (10%–90% of the total increment) was 41–59 days depending on tree species and region. The increment period was slightly shorter in the middle boreal zone, as increment ended 5–11 days later in the southern boreal zone. The variation of annual radial-increment indices was related to the dates of increment onset and cessation. However, increment-period length was more closely related to the differences in increment indices.

scholarly journals Comparison of photogrammetric canopy models from archived and made-to-order aerial imagery in forest inventory

Silva Fennica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakari Tuominen ◽  
Andras Balazs ◽  
Annika Kangas
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Species Recognition ◽  
Aerial Imagery ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Growing Stock ◽  
Forest Inventories ◽  
Optical Imagery ◽  
Canopy Model

In remote sensing-based forest inventories 3D point cloud data, such as acquired from airborne laser scanning, are well suited for estimating the volume of growing stock and stand height, but tree species recognition often requires additional optical imagery. A combination of 3D data and optical imagery can be acquired based on aerial imaging only, by using stereo photogrammetric 3D canopy modeling. The use of aerial imagery is well suited for large-area forest inventories, due to low costs, good area coverage and temporally rapid cycle of data acquisition. Stereo-photogrammetric canopy modeling can also be applied to previously acquired imagery, such as for aerial ortho-mosaic production, assuming that the imagery has sufficient stereo overlap. In this study we compared two stereo-photogrammetric canopy models combined with contemporary satellite imagery in forest inventory. One canopy model was based on standard archived imagery acquired primarily for ortho-mosaic production, and another was based on aerial imagery whose acquisition parameters were better oriented for stereo-photogrammetric canopy modeling, including higher imaging resolution and greater stereo-coverage. Aerial and satellite data were tested in the estimation of growing stock volume, volumes of main tree species, basal area and diameter and height. Despite the better quality of the latter canopy model, the difference of the accuracy of the forest estimates based on the two different data sets was relatively small for most variables (differences in RMSEs were 0–20%, depending on variable). However, the estimates based on stereo-photogrammetrically oriented aerial data retained better the original variation of the forest variables present in the study area.

Contribution to the automation of the calculations involving the forest inventory with the aid of an office computer

1970 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Goossens
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Standing Trees ◽  
General Program ◽  
Magnetic Card ◽  
The Right

Contribution to the automation of the calculations involving  the forest inventory with the aid of an office computer - In this contribution an attempt was made to perform the  calculations involving the forest inventory by means of an office computer  Olivetti P203.     The general program (flowchart 1), identical for all tree species except  for the values of the different parameters, occupies the tracks A and B of a  magnetic card used with this computer. For each tree species one magnetic  card is required, while some supplementary cards are used for the  subroutines. The first subroutine (flowchart 1) enables us to preserve  temporarily the subtotals between two tree species (mixed stands) and so  called special or stand cards (SC). After the last tree species the totals  per ha are calculated and printed on the former, the average trees occuring  on the line below. Appendix 1 gives an example of a similar form resulting  from calculations involving a sampling in a mixed stand consisting of Oak  (code 11), Red oak (code 12), Japanese larch (code 24) and Beech (code 13).  On this form we find from the left to the right: the diameter class (m), the  number of trees per ha, the basal area (m2/ha), the current annual increment  of the basal area (m2/year/ha), current annual volume increment (m3/year/ha),  the volume (m3/ha) and the money value of the standing trees (Bfr/ha). On the  line before the last, the totals of the quantities mentioned above and of all  the tree species together are to be found. The last line gives a survey of  the average values dg, g, ig, ig, v and w.     Besides this form each stand or plot has a so-called 'stand card SC' on  wich the totals cited above as well as the area of the stand or the plot and  its code are stored. Similar 'stand card' may replace in many cases  completely the classical index cards; moreover they have the advantage that  the data can be entered directly into the computer so that further  calculations, classifications or tabling can be carried out by means of an  appropriate program or subroutine. The subroutine 2 (flowchart 2) illustrates  the use of similar cards for a series of stands or eventually a complete  forest, the real values of the different quantities above are calculated and  tabled (taking into account the area). At the same time the general totals  and the general mean values per ha, as well as the average trees are  calculated and printed. Appendix 2 represents a form resulting from such  calculations by means of subroutine 2.

scholarly journals Effect of Competition and Climatic Conditions on the Growth of Beech in the Mixed Pine Beech Stand: Lithuanian Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Edgaras Linkevičius ◽  
Gerda Junevičiūtė
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Competition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Competition Effect ◽  
Diameter Increment ◽  
Cart Analysis ◽  
Crown Width ◽  
Beech Stand ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact

Climate change and warming will potentially have profound effects on forest growth and yield, especially for pure stands in the near future. Thus, increased attention has been paid to mixed stands, e.g., pine and beech mixtures. However, the interaction of tree species growing in mixtures still remains unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the interspecific and intraspecific competition to diameter, height, and crown width of pine and beech trees growing in mixtures, as well as to evaluate the impact of climatic indicators to the beech radial diameter increment. The data was collected in 2017 at the mixed mature pine beech double layer stand, located in the western part of Lithuania. The sample plot of 1.2 hectare was established and tree species, diameter at the breast height, tree height, height-to-crown base, height-to-crown width, and position were measured for all 836 trees. Additionally, a representative sample of radial diameter increments were estimated only for the beech trees by taking out core discs at the height of 1 m when the stand was partially cut. Competition analysis was based on the distance-dependent competition index, which was further based on crown parameters. Climatic effect was evaluated using classification and regression tree (CART) analysis. We found almost no interspecific competition effect to diameter, height, or crown width for both tree species growing in the first layer. However, it had an effect on beeches growing in the second layer. The intraspecific competition effect was important for pine and beech trees, showing a negative effect for both of them. Our results show the possible coexistence of these tree species due to niche differentiation. An analysis of climatic indicators from 1991–2005 revealed that precipitation from February–May of the current vegetation year and mean temperatures from July to September expressed radial diameter increment effects for beech trees. Low temperatures during March and April, as well as high precipitation during January, had a negative effect on beech radial increments. From 2006–2016, the highest effect on radial diameter increments was the mean temperatures from July to September, as well as the precipitation in January of the current year. From 1991–2016, the highest effect on radial diameter increments was the temperature from July to September 1991–2016 and the precipitation in June 1991–2016. Generally, cool temperatures and higher precipitation in June had a positive effect on beech radial increments. Therefore, our results show a sensitivity to high temperatures and droughts during summer amid Lithuanian’s growth conditions.

scholarly journals Soil carbon and nutrient stocks under Scots pine plantations in comparison to European beech forests: a paired-plot study across forests with different management history and precipitation regimes

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Diers ◽  
Robert Weigel ◽  
Heike Culmsee ◽  
Christoph Leuschner
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Nutrient Pools ◽  
Total N ◽  
Precipitation Regimes ◽  
Pine Stands

Abstract Background Organic carbon stored in forest soils (SOC) represents an important element of the global C cycle. It is thought that the C storage capacity of the stable pool can be enhanced by increasing forest productivity, but empirical evidence in support of this assumption from forests differing in tree species and productivity, while stocking on similar substrate, is scarce. Methods We determined the stocks of SOC and macro-nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, potassium and magnesium) in nine paired European beech/Scots pine stands on similar Pleistocene sandy substrates across a precipitation gradient (560–820 mm∙yr− 1) in northern Germany and explored the influence of tree species, forest history, climate, and soil pH on SOC and nutrient pools. Results While the organic layer stored on average about 80% more C under pine than beech, the pools of SOC and total N in the total profile (organic layer plus mineral soil measured to 60 cm and extrapolated to 100 cm) were greater under pine by about 40% and 20%, respectively. This contrasts with a higher annual production of foliar litter and a much higher fine root biomass in beech stands, indicating that soil C sequestration is unrelated to the production of leaf litter and fine roots in these stands on Pleistocene sandy soils. The pools of available P and basic cations tended to be higher under beech. Neither precipitation nor temperature influenced the SOC pool, whereas tree species was a key driver. An extended data set (which included additional pine stands established more recently on former agricultural soil) revealed that, besides tree species identity, forest continuity is an important factor determining the SOC and nutrient pools of these stands. Conclusion We conclude that tree species identity can exert a considerable influence on the stocks of SOC and macronutrients, which may be unrelated to productivity but closely linked to species-specific forest management histories, thus masking weaker climate and soil chemistry effects on pool sizes.

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