scholarly journals Effect of livestock production on the economic efficiency of irrigation systems

2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petar Gogic
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
System Utilization ◽  
Price Relationship

The aim of the study was to examine the effect of livestock production on the economic efficiency of investments in irrigation projects. The study was based on a model focused on field crop/livestock production using the data of crop yields in field crop production with or without irrigation, financial results of cattle fattening and milk production and the input and output price relationship. The influence of livestock production on the economic effects of irrigation system utilization was evaluated using the indices of economic efficiency of investments - internal rate of return, net present value and pay-back period. The data on the amount of investments required for the construction of the irrigation system, economic benefit achieved by optimizing production under both irrigated and non-irrigated conditions, with and without livestock production were used to determine these indices.

scholarly journals Assessment of agricultural business activities and its contribution to the formation of food security of the country

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (3) ◽  
pp. 032081
Author(s):  
Vladimir Fedorov ◽  
Oleg Bunchikov ◽  
Evgeniya Kapelist
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Agricultural Business ◽  
Crop And Livestock Production

Abstract The article examines the issues of agricultural production by the agrarians of the Russian Federation in the context of import substitution and their contribution to the formation of food independence in the region. The dynamics of agricultural production in such sectors as crop and livestock production has been analyzed. In recent years, thanks to new innovative technologies in crop production, there has been a positive trend towards an increase in gross harvest, as well as an increase in crop yields. So, in particular, for more than thirty years of the analyzed period of time, gross agricultural production increased by 6110.4 billion rubles, and in the sectors crop and livestock production there was an increase in production by 3276.8 billion rubles. and by 2833.8 billion rubles. These indicators were influenced by such innovative developments in crop production as binary crops, new varieties of agricultural crops, as well as a significant increase in the use of fertilizers on agricultural land.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in field crop production: Potential and new direction

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 941-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal Hamel ◽  
Désiré-Georges Strullu
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soil Microbiology ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Soil System

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are multipurpose organisms with complex ecological ramifications in the soil system that have been difficult to study and understand. The phytocentric concept of AMF that has prevailed since the naming of these organisms is being replaced by a holistic vision recognizing that AMF are a key element of soil functioning and health rather than a plant root component. Recent advances in knowledge brought about by new techniques for soil microbiology research open the way to AMF management in crop production. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi may influence crop development, even in phosphorus-rich soils. However, growing crops in soil with lower fertility would optimize the expression of the multiple beneficial effects of AMF in agro-ecosystem and reduce nutrient seepage to the environment. The consideration of the soil mycorrhizal potential within the framework of soil testing and fertilization recommendations, the development of improved inoculants and signal molecules to manipulate AMF and the development of cultivars with improved symbiotic qualities would insure the production of good crop yields while improving agroecosystems’ sustainability. Key words: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi management, field crop production, agriculture, soil quality, arbuscular mycorrhizal effect

Does use of draft animal power increase economic efficiency of smallholder farms in Kenya?

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 290-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.M. Guthiga ◽  
J.T. Karugia ◽  
R.A. Nyikal
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Smallholder Farms ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Animal Power ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

AbstractDraft animal power (DAP) has been identified as an environmentally friendly technology that is based on renewable energy and encompasses integration of livestock and crop production systems. Draft animal technology provides farmers with a possibility to cheaply access and use manure from the draft animals and farm power needed to apply renewable practices for land intensification. Compared to motorized mechanization, DAP is viewed as an appropriate and affordable technology especially for small-scale farmers in developing countries who cannot afford the expensive fuel-powered tractor mechanization. However, it is apparent that there is no consensus among researchers on how it affects crop yields, profit and production efficiency when applied in farm operations. This study addressed the question of whether using DAP increases economic efficiency of smallholder maize producers in central Kenya. Results of the study are derived from a sample of 80 farmers, 57% of whom used draft animals while 43% used hand hoes in carrying farm operations. In the study area, draft animals are almost exclusively used for land preparation and planting, with very few farmers applying them in the consecutive operations such as weeding. A profit function was estimated to test the hypothesis of equal economic efficiency between ‘DAP’ and ‘hoe’ farms. The results showed that farmers who used DAP obtained higher yields and operated at a higher economic efficiency compared to those who used hand hoes. The analysis underscores the viability of DAP in increasing profitability of small-scale farms; however, other aspects of the technology, such as affordability of the whole DAP package, availability of appropriate implements and skills of using the technology, must be taken into account when promoting adoption of DAP technology.

scholarly journals Pedal Powered Water Pump Application To Support Irrigation Activities In Carat Village, Gempol District, Pasuruan Regency, East Java Province

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Hatta Hatta ◽  
Mochammad Mochammad ◽  
Tjahjani IK ◽  
Awang Wicaksono
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Water Pump ◽  
Production Sector ◽  
System Improvement ◽  
Productivity And Competitiveness ◽  
Shared Problem

In this PKM program, our partner is a fruit farmer in Carat Village, which is the name of a village in GempolDistrict, Pasuruan Regency, East Java Province. This village actually has the opportunity to develop in the plantation sector with its main plants cucumber, cantaloupe, cucumber mas, and roses. However, it is constrained by the condition of very barren rice fields and plantations covering an area of 60 hectares, due to the lack of support for the local irrigation system currently being implemented. Based on interviews and observations in the field, there are 2 main focuses of the problems currently faced by partners, namely: 1) The production sector is caused by the large amount of energy that must be spent to drawwater from the well with the distance of the water source to the plantation using simple equipment and 2). Field of management due to the under-optimal distribution of crop yields and monitoring functions of yields in each period. Some of the things planned by the PKM team are innovating bicycles which are named pedal power as plantation irrigation equipment and solutions in the field of production, as well as providing training and mentoring in financial reporting as a solution in the field of management. The purpose of this activity is to realize a system improvement, increase crop production, and create effective, efficient and competitive management. This activity was realized with an approach in the form of making a sustainable cooperation program untilthe end of PKM, creating a family atmosphere between the two and understanding that the problems experienced werea shared problem so that they could be solved together according to the level of responsibility to achieve the expectedbenefits, namely increased yields, production and productivity and competitiveness, independence and welfare of thecommunity.

scholarly journals REVIEW ON KNOWLEDGE GAP IN Brachiaria GRASS RESEARCH AND UTILIZATION: ETHIOPIAN PERSPECTIVE

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-26
Author(s):  
Wubetie ADNEW ◽  
Bimrew ASMARE ◽  
Yeshambel MEKURIAW
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Research Knowledge ◽  
Feed Resources ◽  
Livestock Feed ◽  
The Tropics

Still food security has not been attained fully in many tropical African countries including Ethiopia. However, the issue of food security achievement has been able to realize due to various setbacks among which low productivity of crops and livestock take the lion share. Among the various constraints the parasitic weed Striga, and Stemborer pests are responsible for lower crop yields in the region. Regarding livestock feed, shortage in terms of quantity and quality are the major impediment to the livestock sector. To achieve food security, increasing crop yield and livestock production is vital in Ethiopia and other tropical countries. Crop yields can be enhanced through the control of weeds using biological systems to increase food crop yield apart from chemical inputs. In case of livestock, full production and reproduction potential of animals can be met through fulfilling nutritional requirements of livestock. The major livestock feed resources in Ethiopia are natural pasture and crop residues. Both feed resources; however, are poor in nutritional value and they are listed as low maintenance feed category. Therefore, it is vital to intensify integrated crop- livestock production systems for sustainable economy and environment. Introducing forage grasses in the crop production system has been practiced in the tropics as push pull technology. In Ethiopia, Brachiaria grass is an emerging forage for integrated agricultural production that has been getting considerable recognition as an option to overcome the pests in crop production in the tropics due to its high adaptive and yielding as well as climate smart forages. In the country, Brachiaria is recently introduced by different organization in different agro-ecology of the country mainly as push-pull integrated agricultural system and considering its fodder potential for the livestock feed. Therefore, this review paper aimed to looking for the available research knowledge in Ethiopia and somewhere else in the glob for better utilization of Brachiaria grass in the integrated agricultural system. All available information regarding the research and utilization of Brachiaria grass were reviewed in the published papers. The review reveal that Brachiaria has many advantages over other grass species in terms of adaptation to drought and low fertility soils, ability to sequester carbon; increase nitrogen use efficiency through biological nitrification inhibition (BNI) and arrest greenhouse gas emissions. The knowledge has been established in quantifying the multiple contributions of Brachiaria grass inclusion as push pull technology in different parts of the world (South America, Kenya, Rwanda). Limited report showed that cut-and-carry system is the utilization practice of brachiaria grass grown the push pull integration. The potential of improved Brachiaria grass in Ethiopia to address the challenge of livestock feed scarcity and other environmental managements; however, remain unexploited/limited which calls researchers to work on. The review concluded that B. cultivars could have a significant contribution on both animal and cereal production in the tropics but limited research and utilization in Ethiopia.

Application of Remote Sensing in Agriculture

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Piekarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Remote Sensing Methods

AbstractWith increasing intensity of agricultural crop production increases the need to obtain information about environmental conditions in which this production takes place. Remote sensing methods, including satellite images, airborne photographs and ground-based spectral measurements can greatly simplify the monitoring of crop development and decision-making to optimize inputs on agricultural production and reduce its harmful effects on the environment. One of the earliest uses of remote sensing in agriculture is crop identification and their acreage estimation. Satellite data acquired for this purpose are necessary to ensure food security and the proper functioning of agricultural markets at national and global scales. Due to strong relationship between plant bio-physical parameters and the amount of electromagnetic radiation reflected (in certain ranges of the spectrum) from plants and then registered by sensors it is possible to predict crop yields. Other applications of remote sensing are intensively developed in the framework of so-called precision agriculture, in small spatial scales including individual fields. Data from ground-based measurements as well as from airborne or satellite images are used to develop yield and soil maps which can be used to determine the doses of irrigation and fertilization and to take decisions on the use of pesticides.

scholarly journals The Pitfalls of Relating Weeds, Herbicide Use, and Crop Yield: Don't Fall Into the Trap! A Critical Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Colbach ◽  
Sandrine Petit ◽  
Bruno Chauvel ◽  
Violaine Deytieux ◽  
Martin Lechenet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Arable Farming ◽  
Herbicide Use ◽  
The Impact

The growing recognition of the environmental and health issues associated to pesticide use requires to investigate how to manage weeds with less or no herbicides in arable farming while maintaining crop productivity. The questions of weed harmfulness, herbicide efficacy, the effects of herbicide use on crop yields, and the effect of reducing herbicides on crop production have been addressed over the years but results and interpretations often appear contradictory. In this paper, we critically analyze studies that have focused on the herbicide use, weeds and crop yield nexus. We identified many inconsistencies in the published results and demonstrate that these often stem from differences in the methodologies used and in the choice of the conceptual model that links the three items. Our main findings are: (1) although our review confirms that herbicide reduction increases weed infestation if not compensated by other cultural techniques, there are many shortcomings in the different methods used to assess the impact of weeds on crop production; (2) Reducing herbicide use rarely results in increased crop yield loss due to weeds if farmers compensate low herbicide use by other efficient cultural practices; (3) There is a need for comprehensive studies describing the effect of cropping systems on crop production that explicitly include weeds and disentangle the impact of herbicides from the effect of other practices on weeds and on crop production. We propose a framework that presents all the links and feed-backs that must be considered when analyzing the herbicide-weed-crop yield nexus. We then provide a number of methodological recommendations for future studies. We conclude that, since weeds are causing yield loss, reduced herbicide use and maintained crop productivity necessarily requires a redesign of cropping systems. These new systems should include both agronomic and biodiversity-based levers acting in concert to deliver sustainable weed management.

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