scholarly journals Nematicidal effects of Leucaena leucocephala and Gliricidia sepium extracts on Meloidogyne incognita infecting okra

2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.K. Adekunle ◽  
A. Akinlua
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Compound ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Aromatic Amide

Two separate but identical greenhouse trials were conducted to investigate the effects of extracts of leaves and roots of Leucaena leucocephala and Gliricidia sepium each at 80,000 mg / kg and 40,000 mg / kg on Meloidogyne incognita on okra. Each potted nine-day old okra seedling was inoculated with 3,000 fresh eggs of M. incognita and 5ml of each of the extracts was added simultaneously around the roots of the seedling. Treatment of okra plant with L. leucocephala and G. sepium extracts resulted in reduced nematode population, reduced galling, reduced nematode reproduction rate and enhanced fruit weight. Chemical analysis revealed that G. sepium leaves contained phenolic compound and carboxylic acid, while the roots showed the presence of aromatic amide, phenolic compound and carboxylic acid. L. leucocephala leaves showed the presence of phenolic compound, aromatic amide and carboxylic acid, while the roots showed the presence of phenolic compound and carboxylic acid. The results of this study suggest that leaf and root extracts of L. leucocephala and G. sepium at the rate of 40,000 mg / kg could be useful in root knot nematode management in vegetable beds.

scholarly journals Genotypic Diversity of Potato Germplasm against Root Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) Infection in Pakistan

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amjad S. Gondal ◽  
Nazir Javed ◽  
Sajid A. Khan ◽  
Sajjad Hyder
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Female Reproduction ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Potato Germplasm ◽  
Final Population

Potato (Solanum tuberosum), an important vegetable crop of Pakistan endures significant yield losses due to root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita).. Research wok was designed to identify resistant potato germplasm against RKN (Meloidogyne incognita) infection. A field trial was conducted in the research area of Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad. Thirty six (36) potato verities/ cultivars relocated five times were sown in four years sick plot containing root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in RCBD layout. Root knot nematode reproduction and host damage was accessed by recording nematode root galls and egg mass indices, root weight, shoot weight, , number of leaves, fruit weight, rate of reproduction and final population of nematodes. Experiment revealed a considerable variation in response against Meloidogyne incognita infection among the genotype tested but none of the single cultivar was immune. FD-8-1 was used as negative control. The cultivar FD-19-2 was highly susceptible followed by SH-692 and SH-5. All other cultivars had less galling index with low fecundity rate indicating their ability to suppress the adult female reproduction. The cultivar FD-1-3 scored least number of galls and egg mass indices followed by FD-49-62, SH-339 and SH-332.

Assessment of the most suitable nematode inoculum density and plant growth period to screen coffee genotypes for their reaction to Meloidogyne incognita

Nematology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-380
Author(s):  
Santino A. Silva ◽  
Anderson C.G. Bicalho ◽  
Débora C. Santiago ◽  
Lucas S. Cunha ◽  
Andressa C.Z. Machado
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Genetic Screening ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Rf Values ◽  
Reproduction Factor ◽  
The Ideal

Summary One of the concerns for nematological research is the absence of information on standard nematode population densities to be used when screening to assess resistance/susceptibility levels of a genotype. In addition, the length of the growth period, especially for perennial crops such as coffee, must also be known. The objective of this work was to evaluate the ideal evaluation periods and population densities of the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, for phenotyping Coffea arabica genotypes. Seedlings of coffee ‘Mundo Novo’ with five leaf pairs cropped in 700 cm3 plastic pots were inoculated with population densities of 700, 1400, 2800, 5600 and 11 200 eggs of M. incognita per plant and evaluated at 90, 120, 150 and 180 days after inoculation (DAI) to determine the nematode reproduction factor (RF). The use of population densities of M. incognita from 700-2000 nematodes with evaluations between 90 and 180 DAI was the most suitable to obtain higher RF values and allows earlier and more accurate evaluations, which reduces the time for phenotyping in genetic screening programmes.

scholarly journals Age of Plant Material Influences Resistance of Some Prunus Rootstocks to Meloidogyne incognita

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 582-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Fernández ◽  
Jorge Pinochet ◽  
Daniel Esmenjaud ◽  
Maria Joao Gravato-Nobre ◽  
Antonio Felipe
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Plant Age ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Maturation Period ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Loss Of Resistance ◽  
High Level

The influence of salinity and plant age on nematode reproduction was determined on two susceptible and six root-knot-nematode-resistant Prunus rootstocks inoculated with Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White). Experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions over 120 (plant age study) and 75 (salinity study) days. Following inoculation with 4000 nematodes per plant, susceptible 2-month-old GF-677 (Prunus persica L. Batsch. × P. dulcis Mill. Webb) and Montclar (P. persica) were affected significantly more than 1-year-old plants. Barrier (P. persica × P. davidiana Carr. Franch.) plantlets showed a partial loss of resistance in relation to older plants, suggesting that a root tissue maturation period is required for expression of full resistance. Nemared (P. persica); G × N No 22 (P. persica × P. dulcis); and the plums GF 8-1 (P. cerasifera Ehrh. × P. munsoniana Wight and Hedrick), PSM 101 (P. insititia L.), and P 2980 (P. cerasifera) maintained their high level of resistance or immunity, regardless of plant age. Nematode reproduction was higher in GF-677 rootstock in saline soil. Nemared and Barrier showed similar low galling and nematode reproduction in nonsaline and saline soil. PSM 101 immunity to M. incognita was not affected by soil condition.

scholarly journals Pathogenicity of Meloidogyne Incognita on Sesamum Indicum and the Efficacy of Yield-Based Scheme in Resistance Designation

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Jonathan Atungwu ◽  
Steve Afolami ◽  
Olufunke Egunjobi ◽  
Opeyemi Kadri
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Additional Parameter ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Two Phases

Pathogenicity ofMeloidogyne IncognitaonSesamum Indicumand the Efficacy of Yield-Based Scheme in Resistance DesignationTwo screenhouse experiments were conducted in 2004 and 2005 rainy season to investigate the reaction of three selectedSesamum indicumcultivars against three population densities of a root knot nematode,Meloidogyne incognita.Seedlings ofS. indicumwere raised in pots arranged in completely randomised design and inoculated with 0, 5 000, and 10 000 eggs ofM. incognita, replicated six times. Root knot disease was evaluated at mid-season and harvest. A new method for evaluating and reporting resistance toMeloidogynespp. that divides the screening procedure into two phases in the same experiment was adapted. The first phase investigated the host response through the traditional standard method that utilises only gall and nematode reproduction indices, while the second considered the effect of root knot disease on grain production of the crop. There was consistency in host designation of E8 and NICRIBEN-01M (syn: 530-1-6) which were classified under the traditional and improved rating schemes as tolerant and resistant, respectively. However,S. indicumbreeding line Pbtil (No. 1) which was considered susceptible under the old system was found to be tolerant using the integrated and improved system. Root galls incited by the nematode degenerated significantly from mid-season to harvest time. Utilising yield as additional parameter for assessing resistance to root knot nematode provides a complete picture ofSesamum-Meloidogyneinteraction, and therefore a more meaningful system for determining host response.

The effect of sandy soil, bacterium dose and time on the efficacy of Pasteuria penetrans to control Meloidogyne incognita race 1 on coffee

Nematology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 845-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Célia Cordeiro ◽  
Regina Carneiro ◽  
Pedro Cirotto ◽  
Luiz de Mesquita ◽  
Maria Ritta Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Pasteuria Penetrans ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Reproduction Factor

AbstractAn obligate parasite bacterium of the root-knot nematode, Pasteuria penetrans strain P10, isolated from Meloidogyne incognita females on banana roots in Imperatriz Maranhão State, Brazil, was evaluated in glasshouse conditions, using two doses of a dry root bionematicide (107 endospores (5.0 g/seedling) and 106 endospores (0.5 g/seedling)) on seedlings of cv. Mundo Novo coffee. The soil in which coffee seedlings were raised was inoculated previously with these two doses of P. penetrans and after 2 months the plants were transferred to soils of different textures: clay-sandy soil (38% clay, 2% silt and 60% sand) and sandy soil (17% clay, 0% silt and 83% sand). When the coffee plants were 30 cm high, they were inoculated with 20 000 eggs/plant of M. incognita race 1. The coffee plants were examined 8, 16 and 24 months after nematode plant infestation. The effectiveness of the biological control was determined by the reduction of nematode reproduction factor, which ranged from 62 to 67% in clay-sandy soil and 80 to 85% in sandy soil. The mechanism of suppression caused by the bacterium was evaluated by the percentage of infected second-stage juveniles (J2), number of endospores attached/J2 and number of infected females. The high levels of suppression were related to time, increasing from 8 to 24 months, and to the percentage of sand in the soil.

scholarly journals The root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, profoundly affects the production of popular biofortified cassava cultivars

Nematology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 667-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aminat Korede Akinsanya ◽  
Steve Olaoluwa Afolami ◽  
Peter Kulakow ◽  
Danny Coyne
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Weight Percentage

Summary Despite being the single largest cassava-producing country, yields in Nigeria remain consistently poor and among the lowest. Regionally, yields are also particularly low across Africa. Pests and pathogens, including plant-parasitic nematodes, play an important role in this current yield deficit. African countries are not only faced with the problem of food security but also that of nutritional deficiency, due to limited micronutrients in the diet. In this study, six biofortified cultivars were evaluated for their response to inoculation with approximately 30 000 root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) eggs in 30 l pots in Nigeria. All cassava cultivars proved highly susceptible to M. incognita infection after 6 months, with nematode reproduction factor ranging from 7.0 to 44.8. Galling was common on feeder roots and gall index scores were recorded between 4 to 5 (on a scale of 1-5 where 5 ⩽ 100 galls). Meloidogyne incognita infection significantly reduced plant height, stem girth, fresh plant mass, fresh storage root number and storage root weight. Percentage yield loss of between 41.8-88.4% was recorded in M. incognita-infected plants compared with non-infected controls. Although M. incognita reduced storage root weight, it did not necessarily affect the nutritional quality (total carotenoid) or dry weight percentage of the biofortified cassava cultivars. Total carotenoid and dry weight contents of the control cultivar were similar to some of the biofortified cultivars. The high susceptibility of the biofortified cassava cultivars to M. incognita infection indicates that substantial yield losses are likely being experienced by farmers, as this nematode pest is prevalent across sub-Saharan Africa and the tropics.

scholarly journals Genetic parameters of resistance to Meloidogyne incognita in melon

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Willame dos Santos Candido ◽  
Renata Castoldi ◽  
Lucas da Silva Santos ◽  
Dora Enith Tobar-Tosse ◽  
Pedro Luiz Martins Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Reproduction Factor ◽  
Six Genes

ABSTRACT: In order to assess the genetic control of resistance in the melon ‘Gaúcho Redondo’ to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three blocks and six treatments using the parental lines ‘Gaúcho Redondo’ (P1 resistant) and JAB 20 (P2 susceptible), as well as F1, F2, and backcross generations (RC1P1 and RC1P2). Seventy days after inoculation, individual plants were evaluated for resistance using the nematode reproduction factor (RF). The hypothesis of monogenic inheritance was rejected by the chi-square test (χ2), and results indicated that resistance is controlled by more than one gene locus, as confirmed by the quantitative analysis that revealed the presence of six genes.

scholarly journals Stability of Resistance to Root-knot Nematodes in ‘Charleston Belle’ and ‘Carolina Wonder’ Bell Peppers in a Sub-tropical Environment

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy A. Thies ◽  
Don W. Dickson ◽  
Richard L. Fery
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Tropical Environments ◽  
Bell Peppers ◽  
Stability Of Resistance ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Southern Root Knot Nematode

Two root-knot nematode-resistant bell pepper cultivars, ‘Charleston Belle’ and ‘Carolina Wonder’ (Capsicum annuum L. var. annuum], and their susceptible parents, ‘Keystone Resistant Giant’ and ‘Yolo Wonder B’, were compared for managing the southern root-knot nematode [Meloidogyne incognita (Chitwood) Kofoid and White] in fall and spring tests at Citra, FL. In the fall test, ‘Charleston Belle’ and ‘Carolina Wonder’ exhibited minimal root galling and nematode reproduction, and ‘Keystone Resistant Giant’ and ‘Yolo Wonder B’ exhibited severe root galling and high nematode reproduction. Fruit yield of ‘Charleston Belle’ was 97% greater than yields of the two susceptible cultivars (P ≤ 0.006). In the spring test, one-half of the plots were treated with methyl bromide/chloropicrin before planting the same four bell pepper cultivars. ‘Keystone Resistant Giant’ and ‘Yolo Wonder B’ grown in untreated control plots exhibited severe root galling and high nematode reproduction, but the other six cultivar × methyl bromide combinations exhibited minimal root galling and nematode reproduction. Although soil temperatures (10-cm depth) were greater than 30 °C on 78 days and 57 days during the Fall 2002 and Spring 2003 trials, respectively, resistance did not break in ‘Charleston Belle’ and ‘Carolina Wonder’ in either test. These results demonstrate that root-knot nematode-resistant cultivars such as Charleston Belle and Carolina Wonder are viable alternatives to methyl bromide for managing southern root-knot nematode in bell pepper in sub-tropical environments.

scholarly journals Generation and Characterization of Transgenic Plum Lines Expressing the Gastrodia Antifungal Protein

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1514-1521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis K. Nagel ◽  
Guido Schnabel ◽  
Cesar Petri ◽  
Ralph Scorza
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Phytophthora Nicotianae ◽  
Antifungal Protein ◽  
Control Line ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Phytophthora Root Rot ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Significant Divergence

The Gastrodia antifungal protein (GAFP) is a monocot mannose-binding lectin isolated from the Asiatic orchid Gastrodia elata. This lectin has previously been shown to provide increased resistance in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum against taxonomically unrelated root pathogens Phytophthora nicotianae, Rhizoctonia solani, and Meloidogyne incognita, but its potential to confer disease resistance in tree species is not known. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation yielded three gafp-1 expressing plum lines (Prunus domestica) designated 4J, 4I, and 5D. These lines possessed one, two, and four copies of the gafp-1 gene, respectively, as demonstrated by DNA blotting. Lines 4J and 4I were not phenotypically different from the nontransformed control line, but line 5D showed significant divergence in leaf morphology and growth habit. Compared with the inoculated control line, lines 4J and 4I exhibited increased tolerance to Phytophthora root rot (PRR) caused by P. cinnamomi. When inoculated with the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, the 4J and 4I lines showed a significantly lower degree of root galling than the inoculated control line. Nematode reproduction, as measured by the presence of egg masses and the number of eggs produced per gram fresh root, was significantly reduced in line 4J compared with the inoculated control line. The results of this study suggest that the expression of gafp-1 in the roots of a woody plant may confer some level of resistance to PRR and root-knot nematode. Long-term field trials will be necessary to confirm this hypothesis.

scholarly journals Salicylic acid-induced glutathione status in tomato crop and resistance to root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hari C. Meher ◽  
Vijay T. Gajbhiye ◽  
Ghanendra Singh
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Glutathione Metabolism ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Glutathione Status

Salicylic acid-(SA) is a plant defense stimulator. Exogenous application of SA might influence the status of glutathione-(GSH). GSH activates and SA alters the expression of defense genes to modulate plant resistance against pathogens. The fate of GSH in a crop following SA treatment is largely unknown. The SA-induced profiles of free reduced-, free oxidized-(GSSG) and protein bound-(PSSG) glutathione in tomato crop following foliar treatment of transplant at 5.0-10.0 &mu;g mL&ndash;1 were measured by liquid chromatography. Resistance to root-knot nematode, <em>Meloidogyne incognita</em> damaging tomato and crop performance were also evaluated. SA treatment at 5.0-10.0 &mu;g mL&ndash;1 to tomato transplants increased GSH, GSSG and PSSG in plant leaf and root, more so in leaf, during crop growth and development. As the fruits ripened, GSH and PSSG increased and GSSG declined. SA reduced the root infection by <em>M. incognita</em>, nematode reproduction and thus, improved the resistance of tomato var. Pusa Ruby, but reduced crop growth and redox status. SA at 5.0 &mu;g mL&ndash;1 improved yield and fruit quality. The study firstly linked SA with activation of glutathione metabolism and provided an additional dimension to the mechanism of induced resistance against obligate nematode pathogen. SA increased glutathione status in tomato crop, imparted resistance against <em>M. incognita</em>, augmented crop yield and functional food quality. SA can be applied at 5.0 &mu;g mL&ndash;1 for metabolic engineering of tomato at transplanting to combine host-plant resistance and health benefits in formulating a strategic nematode management decision.

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