scholarly journals Weed infestation and productivity of maize/soybean intercrop as influenced by cropping patterns in the southern Guinea savanna of Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-26
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Imoloame ◽  
Kafayat Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
State University ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
Guinea Savanna ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Cropping Seasons

Field experiments were conducted during the 2015 and 2016 cropping seasons at the Teaching and Research (T & R) Farm of the College of Agriculture, Kwara State University, Malete, to determine the effect of cropping patterns on weed infestation, growth and yield of a maize/soybean intercrop in the southern Guinea savanna of Nigeria. The experiments consisted of six treatments as follows: one row of maize alternated with one row of soybean (1:1), one row of maize alternated with two rows of soybean (1:2), two rows of maize alternated with one row of soybean (2:1), two rows of maize alternated with two rows of soybean (2:2), sole maize (1:0) and sole soybean (0:1). The treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance and means were separated by the least significant difference (LSD) at the 5% level of probability. Results showed that sole soybean consistently suppressed weeds and resulted in a higher yield. Similarly, the 2:1 ratio of maize to soybean did not only reduce weed density, it produced significantly higher yields of maize and lower yield of soybean, and had the higher land equivalent ratio and economic returns followed by sole maize.

scholarly journals Weed biomass and productivity of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L)Moench) as influenced by spacing and pendimethalin-based weed management

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-398
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Imoloame ◽  
Muinat Usman
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Cropping Seasons

Field trials were conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria, to determine the effect of plant spacing and weed control methods on weed infestation, growth and yield of okra during the 2016 and 2017 cropping seasons. The experiment consisted of twelve treatments comprising six weed control methods and two plant spacings. The method of weed control consisted of pre-emergence application of pendimethalin at 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1, pendimethalin at 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1, pendimathalin at 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 + one supplementary hoe weeding (SHW) at 6 weeks after sowing (WAS), two hoe weedings at 3 and 6 weeks after sowing (WAS), weeding at 4 and 8 weeks after sowing (WAS) and a weedy check. The plant spacings were 60cm x 30cm and 60cm x 50cm. These treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split plot arrangements and three replications. Weed control and plant spacing treatments were allocated to the subplots and the main plot respectively. Results showed that a plant spacing of 60cm x 30cm minimized weed infestation and resulted in a higher total number of pods/plot and okra fresh weight, while pendimethalin at 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 + one supplementary hoe weeding at 6 WAS minimized weed infestation in the plots, and led to the highest total number of pods and yield of okra. This combination also promoted higher economic returns.

scholarly journals Performance of Maize as Influenced by Tillage and Fertilizer Treatments in Makurdi, Southern Guinea Savanna, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-25
Author(s):  
A. Ali ◽  
M. Usman ◽  
S. O. Ojeniyi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Guinea Savanna ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Plough Layer

The experiment was conducted during 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Southern Guinea Savanna, Nigeria to determine the performance of maize as influenced by tillage and fertilizer treatments. The experimental design consisted of two factors. Tillage (flat, ridges, zero and heap tillage) and fertilizer (0, 75, 150 and 300 kgha-1 of NPK 15:15:15). Treatments were laid out in a factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) and replicated three times. A composite soil sample was obtained from a plough layer (0-15 cm) at the beginning and at the end of each experiment according to the treatments and analyzed for particle size distribution, pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and exchangeable cations as well as cation exchange capacity (CEC). Data collected for the growth and grain yield of maize were subjected to analysis of variance after which significant means were separated using least significant difference (LSD) at P<0.05. Results indicated that there were significant effects of tillage and fertilizer treatments with respect to all parameters studied. However, ridges and heap at 300 kgha-1 NPK fertilizer applications gave the best results and produced higher growth and grain yield of maize as a result of improved access to soil nutrients when compared with flat or zero tillage. Similarly, increasing the quantity of NPK fertilizer resulted in increase in the growth and yield of maize crops. This implies that growth and yields of maize crops could still response to higher fertilizer rates which needs further investigation.

scholarly journals Water use, growth, and yield of drip irrigated cassava in a humid tropical environment

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 10-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.O. Odubanjo ◽  
A.A. Olufayo ◽  
P.G. Oguntunde
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Cropping Seasons

Field experiments were conducted at the Agricultural Engineering Experimental Farm of The Federal University of Technology, Akure, during 2006/2007 and 2007/2008 seasons to investigate the response of cassava under drip irrigation. The experiment was laid out in a randomised complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments were based on four different water regimes; with T100 receiving 100% available water (AW), T<sub>50</sub> and T<sub>25</sub> receiving 50% and 25% of AW and T<sub>0</sub> with zero irrigation (control treatment). Disease free stems of the cassava cultivar TMS 91934 were planted at a spacing of 1 m by 1 m. The results indicated that T<sub>100</sub> full treatment produced the highest average total dry matter yield of 49.12 and 37.62 t/ha in 2006/07 and 2007/08 cropping seasons, respectively. However, the average total dry matter production in T<sub>50</sub>, T<sub>25</sub>, and T<sub>0</sub> showed significant differences in their values. Low total dry matter yields of 7.12 and 5.92 t/ha, respectively, were associated with T<sub>0</sub> for the two cropping seasons. The total water use of 1491.75 and 1701.13 mm was recorded for T<sub>100</sub>, while total water use of 729.00 and 651.13 mm were obtained for T<sub>0</sub> in the two cropping seasons. The water use efficiency determined for the two cropping seasons ranged between 7.38 kg/ha and 32.93 kg/ha. The percentages of total water applied from total water use for T<sub>100</sub> were 51.11% and 61.72%, while 14.83% and 17.85% were recorded for T<sub>25 </sub>for 2006/07 and 2007/08 cropping seasons, respectively.

scholarly journals Adaptability of Seven Maize (Zea mays L.) Varieties in High Humid Rainforest Zone of Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-101
Author(s):  
Demben Moses Esang ◽  
Ofonime Raphael Akata ◽  
Angus Onwudiwe Ikeh
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Local Cultivar ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cropping Seasons

Field experiment was conducted at National Cereals Research Institute (NCRI) Uyo-Out station in 2015 and 2016 cropping seasons. The aim  was  to evaluate the yields of seven maize varieties in humid rainforest of Uyo, Southeastern Nigeria in view of recommending high yield varieties. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design, replicated three times. The treatments were seven maize varieties viz- : Uwep (local). FARZ 32, Oba super 2, Oba 98 and suwan-I-SR, Quality protein maize (QPM) and extra-early. Growth and yield data were subjected to analysis of variance. Significant mean were compared using least significant difference at p<0.05. The result showed significant difference(p<0.05) plant height. FAR 32 was the tallest at 9WAP (159.37 and 163.33 cm in 2015 and 2016 cropping seasons, respectively) The shortest variety, 121.12 and 122.61 cm, respectively at 9WAP was recorded in QPM. The weight of grains varied significantly different. FARZ 32 had the heaviest 100 grain weight, 42.60 g and 41.30 g in 2015 and 2016, respectively. The least weight of 100 seeds 31.09 g and 32.99 g, respectively was recorded from Extra Early maize. Comparing the maize grain yield, the result indicated significant difference (p<0.05) in both cropping seasons. FARZ 32 had the highest grain yield, 4.37 and 4.30 tonnes per hectare in 2015 and 2016 in both cropping seasons. Oba super 2 had 4.30 and 4.20 tonnes per hectare in 2015 and 2016. The local cultivar Uweb had 2.49 and 2.59 tonnes per hectare grain yield in both years. The least grain yield, 2.32 and 2.45 tonnes per hectare, respectively was from Extra early maize. Oba, Farz -32, Oba super 2 and Oba 98 were recommended to farmers in the study area.

Growth and Yield Responses of Curry Plant (Murraya koenigii) to Plant Row Spacing in an Utisol

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
O. A. Agba
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Murraya Koenigii ◽  
Cross River ◽  
Fresh Leaf ◽  
Leaf Yield ◽  
Cropping Seasons

Curry plant (Murraya koenigii) is one of the most important vegetable spices crops use for food, spice, medicinal and industrial purposes in Nigeria. However, curry plant production in commercial scale in Nigeria is highly constrained by several factors: it is not cultivated in regular farming system mainly due to lack of planting materials and improper plant spacing of this crop among others. Therefore, field experiments were conducted to determine the effect of different levels of plant row spacing on growth and yield of Curry plant (Murraya koenigii) in Cross River University of Technology, Teaching and Research farm, Department of Agronomy, Obubra, Cross River state, Nigeria in 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design. Treatments were nine plant row spacing (70 x 50 cm, 70 x 70 cm, 80 x 40 cm, 80x60 cm, 90 x 30 cm, 100 x 50 cm, 100 x 70 cm, 100 x100 cm and 100 x130 cm) inter and intra row respectively with four replications. Results showed that plant row spacing have significantly affect the growth and yield of Curry plant. Closer plant row spacing of 70 x 50 cm significantly promoted the tallest plant height and highest leaf area inde x values of curry plant. Fresh and dry leaf yield on per hectare basis were significantly higher in closer plant row spacing than wider row spacing. The highest fresh and dry leaves yield per hectare at 20 weeks after planting (WAP) of 0.9742t/ha and 0.9871t/ha were obtained in closer row spacing of 70 x 50 cm in 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons respectively . The number of leaves and branches per plant and their fresh leaf yield and dry matter of plant fractions were higher in wider plant row spacing plots. The wide plant row spacing of 100 x 130 cm produced the highest fresh leaf yield per plant of 88.54 g in 2017 and 83.46 g in 2018 cropping seasons. Based on this result farmers are advised to cultivate Curry plant (Murraya koenigii) using the plant row spacing of 70 x 50 or 80 x 60 cm for optimum growth and yield per hectare of the crop under the utisoil condition.

scholarly journals Effect of phosphorus (P) rates and weeding frequency on the growth and grain yield of extra early cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) in the forest-savanna agro-ecological zone of southwest Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-60
Author(s):  
Olusegun Adeyemi ◽  
Kikelomo Ogunsola ◽  
Patience Olorunmaiye ◽  
Jamiu Azeez ◽  
David Hosu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Southwest Nigeria ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Cropping Seasons

Field experiments were conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (7o 20?N, 30 23?E) during the 2014 early and late cropping seasons to evaluate the effect of weeding frequency and phosphorus fertilizer application on the growth and grain yield of the early maturing cowpea variety (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp). The experiment was laid out in a split-plot arrangement fitted into a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The main plot consisted of three phosphorus fertilizer rates (0, 15 and 30 P2O5kg ha-1) while the subplot comprised five weeding frequencies (no weeding, weed-free, hoe weeding at 3 weeks after sowing (WAS), hoe weeding at 3 and 6 WAS and weeding at 3, 6 and 9 WAS). The results showed that plots treated with phosphorus fertilizer at 15 kg ha-1 produced the highest number of leaves and the tallest plant in the late season while the highest grain yield was recorded in the early trials. Weeding at 3, 6 and 9 WAS during the early season trial gave the highest grain yield compared with other weeding treatments. Unchecked weed infestation reduced yield by 53.10 % and 49.9 % in the early and late seasons respectively compared to the maximum obtained from weed-free plots. This study concluded that application of 15 kg P2O5 ha-1 and weed removal at 3, 6 and 9 WAS were effective for effective weed control and optimum grain yield in cowpea production.

scholarly journals Effect of Sheep Dropping Manure Application Rate and Methods of Propagation on the Growth and Yield Component of Cucumber (Cucumis Sativum) in Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-228
Author(s):  
Musa U T ◽  
Yusuf M ◽  
Roseline J E
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Treatment Result ◽  
State University ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Poultry Droppings

This study was conducted at Crop Production Nursery Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Kogi State University Anyigba. The study area which is Kogi State, to determine the effect of sheep dropping rate and staking on the yield and yield component of cucumber. Staked and unstaked and four treatment levels (0, 10, 20 and 30 kg per hectare) were evaluated. The study was conducted as a 2x1 factorial laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Treatment means were separated using least significant difference (LSD0.05). The result generated from the study showed that number of fruits, number of marketable fruits and weight of fruits. Staking had no significant effect on number of fruits, but showed significant effect on number of branches, number of leaves and plant height. The staked treatment constantly performed better with higher values than the non-staked treatment. Result obtained from data analysis shows that Cucumber growth, yields and yield components were enhanced with the incorporation of Poultry droppings across various treatment rates. Hence for maximum production of cucumber staking and optimum sheep dropping should be adopted.

scholarly journals The Role of Sprayer`s Characteristics and Foliar Spraying for Improving the Maize Growth and Yield

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-195
Author(s):  
Majid H. Alheidary ◽  
Madyan S, Al-shaheen ◽  
Sundus A. Al abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Maize Growth ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Knapsack Sprayer

: The field experiment was performed during the autumn growing season 2019 in Al Khyoot village of the Qurna town which is located at 75 km northern Basrah city centre. For improving the maize growth and yield, the effect of foliar spraying with iron and zinc and the most important technological characteristics of the knapsack sprayer such as nozzle types was studied. Three nozzle types were investigated as standard Flat fan nozzle, Hollow cone nozzle, and Tip nozzle (as reference nozzle in this study). Three foliar concentrations (0, Zn30 + Fe100 and Fe100+ Zn30) as well as a 16- litre capacity of the knapsack sprayer were used for fertilizer spraying experiments. All field experiments were carried out using the complete randomized block design (RCBD) with three replications. The results of the statistical analysis showed that there was a significant effect of the nozzle type and foliar spraying on the plant growth and yield characteristics as plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, number of grains, and yields (152.39 cm, 1.88 cm, 13.98, 4559 cm2, 376.51 and 5.51 Mg ha-1 respectively). Also, these characteristics showed an increase percentage as following (2.79%, 2.25%, 0.60%, 3.11%, 3.70%, and 1.73% respectively) when the hollow cone nozzle was used compared to the reference nozzle. In addition, an interaction between the studied factors also appeared a significant difference in the grain number and yield characteristics.

scholarly journals EXPLORING DIFFERENT FERTILIZER COMBINATIONS FOR POTATO GROWTH AND YIELD IN RAWALPINDI REGION OF PAKISTAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Kouser M. Malik ◽  
Shahid Y. Naz ◽  
Shahzada M. Mehdi ◽  
Asia Munir ◽  
Ahmad Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Four Levels

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most important tuber crops produced in Pakistan. Due to its nutritive importance, it ranks as fourth after rice, wheat and maize in the world. However, production of the crop is far below the average due to poor crop stand, soil fertility and water management practices. There is a strong need for improvement in the fair yield of potato through managed production techniques and best soil nutrient combinations. To find out the best combination of fertilizer level of NPK on growth, yield and quality of the potato crop, nine field experiments on potato crop were conducted at Rawalpindi division, Punjab Pakistan for three successive Rabi seasons during 2014-2017. Treatments consisted of four levels of N (244, 300, 356 and 412 Kg N ha-1), P (163, 200, 237 and 275 kg P ha-1) and K (136, 167, 198 and 229 Kg K ha-1) laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Results showed that there was no significant difference of location in terms of yield (T ha-1). However, mean data showed that the fertilizer combinations significantly (<0.05) affected yield and yield components of the potato crop. Among the treatments, NPK level (412, 275 and 229 Kg ha-1) gave maximum (100 tuber m-2), potato yield (3.2 Kg m-2), dry matter (1.3 Kg m-2), while the least number of tuber m-2 (63), potato yield m-2 (2.02 Kg), dry matter yield m-2 (0.9 Kg) were recorded where combination NPK (244, 163and 136 Kg ha-1) were applied. From the results, it can be concluded that farming community can obtain the maximum potato yield by adopting NPK (412, 275, 229) levels of fertilizers

scholarly journals The effect of weed control timing on the growth and yield of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
Kolo Emmanuel ◽  
Adigun Aremu ◽  
Adeyemi Raphael ◽  
Daramola Samuel ◽  
Bodunde Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Weed Infestation

Weed interference is a major threat to rice production, leading to high yield reduction and reduced profitability. Therefore, field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of the different timings of weed control on the growth and yield of upland rice in the 2015 and 2016 cropping seasons. The treatments consisted of periods when the crop was allowed to be weed-infested for the first 3, 6 and 9 weeks after sowing (WAS) and periods when the weeds were controlled for the first 3, 6 and 9 WAS. Two treatments of weed infestation and weed control until harvest were also included as the checks in a randomized complete block design with three replications. In both years, rice grain yields ranged from 0.6 to 0.8 t ha-1 in plots kept weed-infested until harvest, and from 3.5 to 3.9 t ha-1 in plots kept weed-free until harvest, indicating a 79-83% yield loss with uncontrolled weed growth. Weed infestation for the first 3 WAS did not cause a significant reduction in the growth and yield of rice provided the weeds were removed thereafter. However, the delay in weed control until 9 WAS reduced rice growth and resulted in irrevocable yield reduction. It was only necessary to remove the weeds between 3 and 9 WAS for optimum grain yield, as no significant yield increase was observed in weed control after 9 WAS in both years. This study showed that weed control between 3 and 9 WAS would give the optimum growth and yield of upland rice.

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