Growth and Yield Responses of Curry Plant (Murraya koenigii) to Plant Row Spacing in an Utisol

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
O. A. Agba
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Murraya Koenigii ◽  
Cross River ◽  
Fresh Leaf ◽  
Leaf Yield ◽  
Cropping Seasons

Curry plant (Murraya koenigii) is one of the most important vegetable spices crops use for food, spice, medicinal and industrial purposes in Nigeria. However, curry plant production in commercial scale in Nigeria is highly constrained by several factors: it is not cultivated in regular farming system mainly due to lack of planting materials and improper plant spacing of this crop among others. Therefore, field experiments were conducted to determine the effect of different levels of plant row spacing on growth and yield of Curry plant (Murraya koenigii) in Cross River University of Technology, Teaching and Research farm, Department of Agronomy, Obubra, Cross River state, Nigeria in 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design. Treatments were nine plant row spacing (70 x 50 cm, 70 x 70 cm, 80 x 40 cm, 80x60 cm, 90 x 30 cm, 100 x 50 cm, 100 x 70 cm, 100 x100 cm and 100 x130 cm) inter and intra row respectively with four replications. Results showed that plant row spacing have significantly affect the growth and yield of Curry plant. Closer plant row spacing of 70 x 50 cm significantly promoted the tallest plant height and highest leaf area inde x values of curry plant. Fresh and dry leaf yield on per hectare basis were significantly higher in closer plant row spacing than wider row spacing. The highest fresh and dry leaves yield per hectare at 20 weeks after planting (WAP) of 0.9742t/ha and 0.9871t/ha were obtained in closer row spacing of 70 x 50 cm in 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons respectively . The number of leaves and branches per plant and their fresh leaf yield and dry matter of plant fractions were higher in wider plant row spacing plots. The wide plant row spacing of 100 x 130 cm produced the highest fresh leaf yield per plant of 88.54 g in 2017 and 83.46 g in 2018 cropping seasons. Based on this result farmers are advised to cultivate Curry plant (Murraya koenigii) using the plant row spacing of 70 x 50 or 80 x 60 cm for optimum growth and yield per hectare of the crop under the utisoil condition.

scholarly journals Weed infestation and productivity of maize/soybean intercrop as influenced by cropping patterns in the southern Guinea savanna of Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-26
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Imoloame ◽  
Kafayat Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
State University ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
Guinea Savanna ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Cropping Seasons

Field experiments were conducted during the 2015 and 2016 cropping seasons at the Teaching and Research (T & R) Farm of the College of Agriculture, Kwara State University, Malete, to determine the effect of cropping patterns on weed infestation, growth and yield of a maize/soybean intercrop in the southern Guinea savanna of Nigeria. The experiments consisted of six treatments as follows: one row of maize alternated with one row of soybean (1:1), one row of maize alternated with two rows of soybean (1:2), two rows of maize alternated with one row of soybean (2:1), two rows of maize alternated with two rows of soybean (2:2), sole maize (1:0) and sole soybean (0:1). The treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance and means were separated by the least significant difference (LSD) at the 5% level of probability. Results showed that sole soybean consistently suppressed weeds and resulted in a higher yield. Similarly, the 2:1 ratio of maize to soybean did not only reduce weed density, it produced significantly higher yields of maize and lower yield of soybean, and had the higher land equivalent ratio and economic returns followed by sole maize.

scholarly journals Effects of Intra-Row Spacing of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) and Frequency of Weeding on Yields of Maize-Sesame Intercrop in Makurdi, Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 16-26
Author(s):  
Michael Ojore Ijoyah ◽  
J.A. Idoko ◽  
T. Iorlamen
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Factorial Experiment ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Competitive Pressure ◽  
Optimal Frequency ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Cropping Seasons

Field experiments were conducted from July to October, during 2012 and 2013 cropping seasons, at the Research Farm, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria, to evaluate the effects of intra-row spacing of sesame and frequency of weeding on yields of maize-sesame intercrop. The trial was a 3 x 3 factorial experiment fitted in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Nine of the treatments consisted of intercropped maize with sesame sown at the intra-row spacing of 10 cm, 15 cm and 20 cm, and at the varied weeding frequencies: maize-sesame intercrop sown on plots weeded once (1x) at 3 weeks after planting (WAP); maize-sesame intercrop sown on plots weeded twice (2x) at 3 and 6 WAP; maize-sesame intercrop sown on plots not weeded (NW). Sole sesame and sole maize respectively sown at their recommended intra-row spacing of 10 cm and 30 cm and at their recommended frequency of weeding (2x at 3 and 6 WAP) constituted the tenth and eleventh treatments, which also served as control plots. The results obtained showed that in a maize-sesame intercrop, increasing intra-row spacing of sesame up to 20 cm, on plots weeded 2x at 3 and 6 WAP, significantly (P≤0.05) produced the highest intercrop yields of maize and sesame. This level of treatment not only recorded the lowest competitive pressure, but gave the highest total intercrop yields, highest land equivalent coefficient values (1.01 and 1.13 respectively, in years 2012 and 2013), indicating the highest yield advantage, and highest land equivalent ratio (LER) values of 2.11 and 2.25 respectively recorded for years 2012 and 2013. With these LER values, 52.6 % and 55.6 % of land were respectively saved in years 2012 and 2013, which could be used for other agricultural purposes. The implication of study showed that, to maximize intercrop yields of maize and sesame in a maize-sesame intercrop, the appropriate intra-row spacing for sesame is 20 cm, while the optimal frequency of weeding is 2x at 3 and 6 WAP. This should therefore, be recommended for Makurdi location, Nigeria.

scholarly journals Water use, growth, and yield of drip irrigated cassava in a humid tropical environment

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 10-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.O. Odubanjo ◽  
A.A. Olufayo ◽  
P.G. Oguntunde
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Cropping Seasons

Field experiments were conducted at the Agricultural Engineering Experimental Farm of The Federal University of Technology, Akure, during 2006/2007 and 2007/2008 seasons to investigate the response of cassava under drip irrigation. The experiment was laid out in a randomised complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments were based on four different water regimes; with T100 receiving 100% available water (AW), T<sub>50</sub> and T<sub>25</sub> receiving 50% and 25% of AW and T<sub>0</sub> with zero irrigation (control treatment). Disease free stems of the cassava cultivar TMS 91934 were planted at a spacing of 1 m by 1 m. The results indicated that T<sub>100</sub> full treatment produced the highest average total dry matter yield of 49.12 and 37.62 t/ha in 2006/07 and 2007/08 cropping seasons, respectively. However, the average total dry matter production in T<sub>50</sub>, T<sub>25</sub>, and T<sub>0</sub> showed significant differences in their values. Low total dry matter yields of 7.12 and 5.92 t/ha, respectively, were associated with T<sub>0</sub> for the two cropping seasons. The total water use of 1491.75 and 1701.13 mm was recorded for T<sub>100</sub>, while total water use of 729.00 and 651.13 mm were obtained for T<sub>0</sub> in the two cropping seasons. The water use efficiency determined for the two cropping seasons ranged between 7.38 kg/ha and 32.93 kg/ha. The percentages of total water applied from total water use for T<sub>100</sub> were 51.11% and 61.72%, while 14.83% and 17.85% were recorded for T<sub>25 </sub>for 2006/07 and 2007/08 cropping seasons, respectively.

scholarly journals Responses of Utasi (Gongronema latifolium) to NPK 15:15:15 Fertilizer Rates in a Utisol South-South Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Undie U. L. ◽  
Agba O. A ◽  
Adiaha M. S ◽  
Osang P. O.
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Cross River ◽  
Cross River State ◽  
Climbing Plant ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Leaf Yield ◽  
Endanger Species ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Gongronema Latifolium

Gongronema latifolium (Benth) called Utasi by Igbos and Arokeke by Yorubas belongs to Ascepiadaceae family. It is an herbaceous climbing plant found in the tropical region. The leaves are used for food, culinary, medicinal and other domestic purposes. The plant is found among the wild and is not cultivated in regular farms. It is one of the endanger species that stands the risk of been extinct. Therefore, the study was carried out to determine the responses of Gongronema latifolium to seven rates of NPK 15:15:15 fertilizer during 2014 and 2015 cropping seasons at the Teaching and Research Farm, Agronomy Department, Cross River University of Technology Obubra, Cross River State, Nigeria. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design. Treatments were seven rates; 0kg/ha, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300kg/ha of NPK (15:15:15) fertilizer replicated four times. Results showed that application of 300kg/ha of NPK 15:15:15 fertilizer gave a higher number of leaves, branches per plant and tallest plants than the other rates of NPK fertilizer. The highest leaf yields in hectares were obtained in plots treated with 200kg/ha in 2014 and 2015 seasons respectively.Based on these findings, farmers are advice to domesticate and cultivate Gongronema latifolium with the application of 200kg/ha NPK 15:15:15 fertilizer for optimum growth and leaf yield.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Planting Distance and Poultry Manure on Performance of Utasi (Gongronema latifolium)

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-36
Author(s):  
O. A. Agba
Keyword(s):  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Index Number ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Cross River ◽  
Leaf Yield ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Planting Distance ◽  
Gongronema Latifolium

Gongronema latifolium (Benth) commonly call ‘ Utasi”, or “Arokeke” in local Nigerian languages (Igbo and yoruba) names belongs to the family Asclepiadaceae is a neglected vegetable in Nigeria. The plant has high economic importance, the leaves, stem and roots are very useful for food, medicine and other domestic purposes. Studies were conducted to determine effects of poultry manure and planting distance on the growth and yield of utasi (Gongronema latifolium) in a tropical utisol of the Cross River University of Technology, Department of Agronomy ,Faculty of Agriculture, Obubra, Cross River state, Nigeria in 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons. The experimental design was a 4 x 5 factorial laid out in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were 4 planting distances of 100 X 40, 100 X 60, 100 X 80 and 100 X 100cm and five rates of poultry manure at 0,1.0, 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5. They were 20 treatments combination replicated three times. Data collected on growth and yield parameters were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) procedure. Results showed that wider intra row planting distance gave higher number of leaves, branches and dry matter of plant fractions than closer row planting distance. The application of poultry manure significantly (p<0.05) increased plant height, the number of leaves and branches per plant . Poultry manure rate of 4.5 t/ha recorded the highest leaf area index , number of leaves per plant (36.2) and (38.4) at 50% anthesis in 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons respectively. The was significant interaction between poultry manure and planting distance. The highest Gongronema latifolium fresh leaves yield at 21 WAP (151.37g in 2017 and 153.42g in 2018) and dry leaf yield (60.55 g in 2017, and 61.28 g in 2018 ) yield per plant were obtained in wider intra row planting distance of 100 x 100cm that received 3.5 t/ha, poultry manure at 21 weeks after planting, while the closer inter row planting distance of 100 x 40cm that received 3.5 t/ha poultry manure produced the highest fresh leaves yield of (3.512 t/ha in 2018 and 3.613 t/ha in 2019 ) and dry leaf yield of ( 0.788 t/ha in 2017 and 0.986 t/ha in 2018) yield per hectare in both cropping seasons (2017 and 2018).Farmers are advice to cultivate Utasi ( Gongronema latifolium ) at panting distance of 100 x 40 cm with the application of 3.5t/ha poultry manure for optimum growth and yield in an utisol of tropical agro ecological zone.

scholarly journals Integrated Use of Herbicide and Weed Mulch with Closer Spacing for Weed Management in Dry Direct Seeded Rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-227
Author(s):  
Sagarika Malik ◽  
◽  
B. Duary ◽  
D. K. Jaiswal ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
The Impact

The field experiments were conducted during the wet season of 2015 and 2016 (June to October) at Agricultural Farm, Institute of Agriculture, Visva-Bharati, Sriniketan, India to study the impact of integrated use of weed mulch and herbicide with closer spacing on weed growth and yield of direct seeded dry sown rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar MTU 1010. The experiment consisted of twelve treatments involving sole or integrated application of pre-emergence herbicide pendimethalin, mulching with water hyacinth and Indigofera weed and closer row spacing of 20 cm. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The experimental field was infested with 14 weeds out of which the predominant species were Cynodon dactylon, Echinochloa colona, Cyperus iria, Ludwigia parviflora, Hydrolea zeylanica, Spilanthes acmella, Alternanthera sessilis, Commelina benghalensis and Cyanotis axillaris. Integration of pendimethalin at 0.75 kg ha-1 and mulching with water hyacinth and closer spacing reduced weed dry weight by 75.92% over the weedy check. Integration of mulching with water hyacinth and closer spacing increased grain yield by 37.27 and 41.12% over sole application of pendimethalin and water hyacinth mulch, respectively. Weed competition resulted in 57% reduction in grain yield of rice. Hand weeding twice (25 and 45 DAS) had a significant effect on the reduction of weed density and dry weight and increasing grain yield of rice which was followed by application of pendimethalin 0.75 kg ha-1 along with mulching with water hyacinth at a closer row spacing of 20 cm.

scholarly journals Comparison of Fish Pond Waste Water with Manures under Garden Egg in Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic J. Udoh ◽  
Otobong B. Iren ◽  
Jeremiah E. Jonathan
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Fish Pond ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Total N ◽  
Cropping Seasons

<p class="1Body">Two field experiments were conducted from 2012 to 2013 cropping seasons to evaluate the efficacy and also determine the optimum rates of application for fish pond waste water in comparison with three other manures including one inorganic fertilizer and two organic manures under garden egg (<em>Solanum spp.</em>) crop.Garden egg was fertilized with pond waste water (PW), poultry manure (PM), pig manure (PG) and NPK15:15:15 at equivalent nitrogen (N) rates (0, 150, 300, 450 kg/ha). The treatments were arranged in a split plot under randomized complete block design (RCBD).The results obtained indicated a slight drop in soil pH but soil OM, total N, available P, exchangeable Ca and K increased generally with increasing rates of manures. The PW and PG treatments supported significantly (P&lt;0.05) the highest yields of the crop compared to PM and NPK with the 150 and 300 kg/ha treatments recording the highest increase. These results have shown that under the high rainfall and acidic soil conditions of Akwa Ibom State in Nigeria, PW is useful for the improvement of soil conditions and achievement of higher crop yields when applied at rates that supply N in the range of 150 – 300 kg/ha.</p>

scholarly journals Effects of Cover Methods and Nitrogen Levels on the Growth and Yield of Tomato

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1021-1033
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Loan ◽  
Tran Thi My Can
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Black Plastic

To study the effects of cover methods and nitrogen (N) levels on the growth and yield components of tomato Cv. Pear F1, field experiments with a 4x3 factorial design were conducted in the 2019 spring and winter seasons using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The cover methods included four treatments: bare soil (BS), black plastic mulch (BPM), transparent polypropylene row cover (RC), and a combination of BPM and RC (BPMRC) with the RC removed approximately 30 days after transplanting. Nitrogen (N) was applied at three levels (150, 180, and 210 kg N ha-1). Using BPM and RC generally led to an increased air temperature, air humidity, soil moisture, and soil temperature compared to the BS treatment. Higher N rates (180 and 210 kg N ha-1) did not result  in different tomato fruit sizes and fruit weights but positively increased fruit yield and quality (Brix values and fruit dry weight) as compared to the 150 kg N ha-1 addition. The cover methods positively affected the yield components and fruit yield of tomato as well as the fruit characteristics compared to the BS treatment. Using cover materials (BPM and RC) combined with a higher N application significantly increased the yield attributes and fruit yield. The highest fruit yield was achieved under the mulching treatment by black plastic (BPM treatment) combined with a 210 kg N ha-1 application, resulting in 50.90 tons ha-1 in the spring and 58.27 tons ha-1 in the winter.

scholarly journals Effect of Some Agronomic Practices on Ascochyta Blight Severity and Yield of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) in Tunisia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ouji ◽  
S. Chekali ◽  
M. Rouaissi
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Effect On Yield

Background: In Tunisia, faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is the first major food legume. The development of faba bean production is facing several biotic constraints. Faba bean Ascochyta blight caused by Ascochyta fabae is one of the most destructive diseases of faba bean and can cause significant yield loss under favorable conditions. As only incomplete resistance ABL varieties are available, some agronomic practices should be applied to control and reduce Ascochyta blight incidence wherever possible. Therefore, this work was undertaken to evaluate the effect of spacing row and seed rate on ABL severity, growth and yield of faba bean. Methods: A split-plot design with three replications was adopted to carry out this study during 2018 and 2019 cropping seasons. ‘Bachaar’ faba bean variety was sown at 40 and 60 cm row spacing and at three seed rates (100, 140 and 200 kg ha-1). ABL severity was assessed visually on a 0-9 scale and agro-morphological traits were measured. Analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. Correlations between agronomic traits, row spacing, seed rate and ABL severity were investigated. Result: Results showed that seed rate has a larger effect on yield than row spacing. In both cropping seasons, the highest grain yield was recorded in 60 cm row spacing and 140 kg ha-1 seed rate treatment. So, this treatment is recommended for obtaining high yield of faba bean. Most of the variation in disease severity was associated with seed rate (r=0.62). The highest ABL score severity was noted at 200 kg ha-1 rate. Over both years, wide row spacing and low seed rate reduced ABL severity. In this study, the small amounts of ABL disease (which reached a score of 5.3 and 4.7 in 2018 and 2019, respectively) had little or no effect on yield.

scholarly journals GROWTH AND YIELD OF OKRA AS INFLUENCED BY LIVE MULCH IN SAMARU, ZARIA

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. L HAMMA ◽  
U. IBRAHIM ◽  
S. M. YUSUF
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Teaching And Research ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Cropping Seasons

Two field experiments were conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of theInstitute for Agricultural Research; Ahmadu Bello University Zaria located on latitude11011’N, longitude 7038’E and 686m above sea level in the Northern Guinea SavannahEcological Zone of Nigeria in 2010 and 2011 cropping seasons. The objective of thestudy was to compare the yield of okra grown under different weed managementstrategies. The experiment consisted of four treatments namely: control, cucumber,watermelon and pumpkin. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomised blockdesign (RCBD) with three replications. From the results so far obtained, pumpkinsignificantly gave higher mean values in both growth and yield characters measured,whereas the control treatment, significantly gave lower mean values of both growth andyield parameters throughout the period of assessment.

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