scholarly journals The characteristics of the air pollution of a transition economy city: The example of Belgrade

2007 ◽  
Vol 72 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 889-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Zujic ◽  
Bojan Radak ◽  
Dragan Markovic
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Transition Economy ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Almost All

The results of sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and black smoke (BS) levels in the Belgrade metropolitan area, the only pollutants measured at almost all 20 monitoring stations set up in the area, were critically analyzed, the most reliable ones select and the pollution characteristics were defined in these terms. Belgrade was found to have pollution typical for a city in economical transition - still high SO2 and BS levels, with seasonal variation, while moderate NO2 levels. This is discussed in terms of sources, as well as spatial and temporal distribution. .

Reduction in soya-bean yield after a brief exposure to nitrogen dioxide

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Gupta ◽  
S. Sabaratnam
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Bean Yield ◽  
Total Crop ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The most harmful of gaseous air pollutants include ozone (03), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (N02). These three pollutants are responsible for up to 90% of the total crop losses due to air pollution (Heck et al. 1981). Reduction in crop yield is one of the most common consequences of pollutant-crop interaction (Koziol & Whatley, 1984; Treshow, 1984). Mean yields of four soya-bean cultivars, York, Dare, Cutler and Clark, grown in open-top chambers with non-filtered air, were reduced by 20% compared with those grown in carbon-filtered air (Kohut et al. 1982). The major components affected were number of pods, number of seeds per filled pod and weight of seeds; a linear reduction in seed weight per plant was reported with increasing concentration of O3.

Intercomparison between Spatiotemporal Distribution of PM2.5 Concentration and Transportation in Beijing

2014 ◽  
Vol 1065-1069 ◽  
pp. 3151-3156
Author(s):  
Ling Yan Jin ◽  
Qi Li ◽  
Hamed Karimian ◽  
Jun Xiong Hou
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variation ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Spatiotemporal Distribution ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
Remarkable Effect ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

A spatial and temporal distribution of PM2.5 as one of the most critical pollutants in Beijing was studied for the whole year 2013. In this pre-research work the spatiotemporal variation of PM2.5 in studied over metropolitan area of Beijing in 2013. More over a weighted transportation influence ( WIT) is defined to monitor the role of transportation in PM2.5 pollution. The results show the remarkable effect of transportation in PM2.5 concentration (R2=0.75). Plus, with this research, we give more information about the source of high PM2.5 concentration in Beijing, and suggest to control this matter transportation is one of the notable source which requires more attention from decision makers.

scholarly journals Dependence of Air Quality Conditions in Cities in North-Western Poland on the Direction of Air Inflow

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
Bożena Kicińska
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
North West ◽  
North Western

Abstract This paper presents the dependence of air pollution with sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide on wind direction in Szczecin, Łeba, Elbląg and Zielona Góra in the period 1993-1999. It has been shown that the most disadvantageous air quality conditions in the cities listed above are on the days with air inflow from south-east, and the most advantageous on the days with advection from north-west. This dependence is particularly evident in the case of pollution with sulphur dioxide, especially in the cold half-year.

scholarly journals Use of air dispersion modelling to determine the impact of gas emissions from coal-fired boilers in South African Durban basin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Phumulani Mkhize
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Dispersion Modelling ◽  
Ambient Air Quality ◽  
Ambient Air Quality Standards

The use of fossil fuel due to industrialisation has increased over time and resulted to atmospheric pollution. Industrial facilities utilise fossil fuel as a boiler fuel, pollutants like Sulphur Dioxide, Nitrogen Dioxide, Particulate Matter and Carbon Monoxide are generated from the combustion process. Air pollution has been and continues to be a significant health hazard over the world. Exposure to air pollution is an issue of concern due to human health and the environment. Considering that air pollution is associated with a series of adverse health effects, it is important to predict emissions from boiler stack. The purpose of this study was to analyse the distribution of atmospheric emissions emanating from boilers in the South Durban Industrial Basin. Three boilers i.e. boilers 1, 3 and 4 were considered during this research. The study focuses on the distribution of Sulphur Dioxide, Nitrogen Dioxide, Particulate Matter and Carbon Monoxide concentration emitted from coal fired boilers using Gaussian Dispersion Modelling. In this research, AERMOD, which is the dispersion modelling program approved by the US EPA, was used. The results of these modelling scenario were compared with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. The results depicted that the concentrations of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide emissions from coal fired boilers were below the national ambient air quality standard, whereas the concentration of Particulate Matter emission in the vicinity of the receiving environment exceeded the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. Nitrogen Oxide was released at 7.91 g/s whereas sulphur dioxide and particulate matter were released at 40.86 and 18.35 g/s respectively. However, the temperatures at which these gases were released were all the same (450.20 K). Boilers 3 and 4 shared a stack i.e. emission emanating from both boilers are emitted through a single point source. The stack diameters for boilers 3 and 4 (0.8 m and 1.2 m respectively) were lower than that of boiler 1 (2.6 m). Similarly, boilers 3 and 4 had less stack heights (27.5 m and 30.5 m respectively) in comparison with boiler 1 (47.5 m). For boiler 3, the rates at which nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide and particulate matter were released were 2.26, 0.12 and 3.84 g/s respectively. On the hand, for boiler 4, nitrogen oxide was released at 14.5 g/s whereas sulphur dioxide and particulate matter were released at 5.54 and 26.23 g/s respectively. The exit velocities for boilers 1, 3 and 4 were 12.2, 7.1 and 17.5 m/s respectively. These velocities were achieved at temperatures of 450.2, 320 and 504 K respectively.

scholarly journals A Random Forest Approach to Estimate Daily Particulate Matter, Nitrogen Dioxide, and Ozone at Fine Spatial Resolution in Sweden

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Stafoggia ◽  
Christer Johansson ◽  
Paul Glantz ◽  
Matteo Renzi ◽  
Alexandra Shtein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Random Forest ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
Pollution Effects

Air pollution is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. An accurate assessment of its spatial and temporal distribution is mandatory to conduct epidemiological studies able to estimate long-term (e.g., annual) and short-term (e.g., daily) health effects. While spatiotemporal models for particulate matter (PM) have been developed in several countries, estimates of daily nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3) concentrations at high spatial resolution are lacking, and no such models have been developed in Sweden. We collected data on daily air pollutant concentrations from routine monitoring networks over the period 2005–2016 and matched them with satellite data, dispersion models, meteorological parameters, and land-use variables. We developed a machine-learning approach, the random forest (RF), to estimate daily concentrations of PM10 (PM<10 microns), PM2.5 (PM<2.5 microns), PM2.5–10 (PM between 2.5 and 10 microns), NO2, and O3 for each squared kilometer of Sweden over the period 2005–2016. Our models were able to describe between 64% (PM10) and 78% (O3) of air pollutant variability in held-out observations, and between 37% (NO2) and 61% (O3) in held-out monitors, with no major differences across years and seasons and better performance in larger cities such as Stockholm. These estimates will allow to investigate air pollution effects across the whole of Sweden, including suburban and rural areas, previously neglected by epidemiological investigations.

Environmental and Hygienic Assessment of Ambient Air Pollution in Oil-Producing and Oil-Refining Areas of the Republic of Bashkortostan and Population Health Status

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Z.B. Baktybaeva ◽  
R.A. Suleymanov ◽  
T.K. Valeev ◽  
N.R. Rahmatullin ◽  
E.G. Stepanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Disease Rates ◽  
Total Suspended Particles

Introduction. High density of oil-producing and refining facilities in certain areas of Bashkortostan significantly affects the environment including ambient air quality in residential areas. Materials and methods. We analyzed concentrations of airborne toxicants (sulfur and nitrogen oxides, nitrogen and carbon oxides, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, xylenes, toluene, phenol and total suspended particles) and population health status in the cities of Ufa, Sterlitamak, Salavat, Blagoveshchensk, and the Tuymazinsky District in 2007–2016. Pearson's correlation coefficients (r) were used to establish possible relationships between medico-demographic indicators and air pollution. Results. Republican fuel and energy enterprises contributed the most to local air pollution levels. Gross emissions from such enterprises as Bashneft-Ufaneftekhim and Bashneft-Navoil reached 43.69–49.77 thousand tons of pollutants per year. The levels of some air pollutants exceeded their maximum permissible concentrations. Elevated concentrations of ammonia, total suspended particles, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide were registered most frequently. High rates of congenital abnormalities, respiratory diseases in infants (aged 0-1), general mortality and morbidity of the population were observed in some oil-producing and refining areas. The correlation analysis proved the relationship between the concentration of carbon monoxide and general disease rates in adults based on hospital admissions (r = 0.898), general incidence rates in children (r = 0.957), and blood disease rates in infants (r = 0.821). Respiratory diseases in children correlated with nitrogen dioxide emission levels (r = 0.899). Conclusions. Further development of oil-producing, petrochemical and oil-refining industries should be carried out taking into account socio-economic living conditions of the population.

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