scholarly journals Dependence of Air Quality Conditions in Cities in North-Western Poland on the Direction of Air Inflow

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
Bożena Kicińska
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
North West ◽  
North Western

Abstract This paper presents the dependence of air pollution with sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide on wind direction in Szczecin, Łeba, Elbląg and Zielona Góra in the period 1993-1999. It has been shown that the most disadvantageous air quality conditions in the cities listed above are on the days with air inflow from south-east, and the most advantageous on the days with advection from north-west. This dependence is particularly evident in the case of pollution with sulphur dioxide, especially in the cold half-year.

scholarly journals Use of air dispersion modelling to determine the impact of gas emissions from coal-fired boilers in South African Durban basin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Phumulani Mkhize
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Dispersion Modelling ◽  
Ambient Air Quality ◽  
Ambient Air Quality Standards

The use of fossil fuel due to industrialisation has increased over time and resulted to atmospheric pollution. Industrial facilities utilise fossil fuel as a boiler fuel, pollutants like Sulphur Dioxide, Nitrogen Dioxide, Particulate Matter and Carbon Monoxide are generated from the combustion process. Air pollution has been and continues to be a significant health hazard over the world. Exposure to air pollution is an issue of concern due to human health and the environment. Considering that air pollution is associated with a series of adverse health effects, it is important to predict emissions from boiler stack. The purpose of this study was to analyse the distribution of atmospheric emissions emanating from boilers in the South Durban Industrial Basin. Three boilers i.e. boilers 1, 3 and 4 were considered during this research. The study focuses on the distribution of Sulphur Dioxide, Nitrogen Dioxide, Particulate Matter and Carbon Monoxide concentration emitted from coal fired boilers using Gaussian Dispersion Modelling. In this research, AERMOD, which is the dispersion modelling program approved by the US EPA, was used. The results of these modelling scenario were compared with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. The results depicted that the concentrations of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide emissions from coal fired boilers were below the national ambient air quality standard, whereas the concentration of Particulate Matter emission in the vicinity of the receiving environment exceeded the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. Nitrogen Oxide was released at 7.91 g/s whereas sulphur dioxide and particulate matter were released at 40.86 and 18.35 g/s respectively. However, the temperatures at which these gases were released were all the same (450.20 K). Boilers 3 and 4 shared a stack i.e. emission emanating from both boilers are emitted through a single point source. The stack diameters for boilers 3 and 4 (0.8 m and 1.2 m respectively) were lower than that of boiler 1 (2.6 m). Similarly, boilers 3 and 4 had less stack heights (27.5 m and 30.5 m respectively) in comparison with boiler 1 (47.5 m). For boiler 3, the rates at which nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide and particulate matter were released were 2.26, 0.12 and 3.84 g/s respectively. On the hand, for boiler 4, nitrogen oxide was released at 14.5 g/s whereas sulphur dioxide and particulate matter were released at 5.54 and 26.23 g/s respectively. The exit velocities for boilers 1, 3 and 4 were 12.2, 7.1 and 17.5 m/s respectively. These velocities were achieved at temperatures of 450.2, 320 and 504 K respectively.

Air Quality Profile in an Enclosed Car Park

2014 ◽  
Vol 567 ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Izma Mohammed ◽  
Nurfadhilah Othman ◽  
Khairul Bariyah Baharuddin
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Car Park

Complaints on poor air quality in an enclosed car park have been raised up among the public, which might cause serious health effects to the drivers, passengers, and labours who are working at the premises. Improper design of mechanical ventilation systems in a car park would result in a poor indoor environment. The exhaust emission of motor vehicle contains a variety of potentially harmful substances encompassing carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide, hydrocarbons, and fine particulates. In Kuala Lumpur, there is a great demand but a short supply of lands and building spaces. Thus, a large multi-storey underground car parks is a common solution for both, the government and developers. Although the health effects of the motor vehicle emissions and ambient air pollution are already known, but due to the nature of enclosed multi-storey car parks, these health risks are predicted to be intensified. Thus, it is crucial to investigate and evaluate the status of the air pollution in the enclosed car parks with emphasis on sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxides (NO2). Samples were collected in one of the famous shopping malls in Kuala Lumpur using a GrayWolf Advanced Sense Direct Sense; Toxic Gas Test Meters from 8 am until 5 pm on weekdays and weekends. The results demonstrate that the concentrations of SO2 and NO2 on weekends is higher than weekdays. Besides, the concentrations for both weekdays and weekends have exceeded the standard limit set by the Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Guideline (MAAQG).

Lichens and sulphur dioxide air pollution: field studies

1993 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. D. Seaward
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Energy Policies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Clean Air

The recent spread of air pollution, particularly sulphur dioxide, throughout Europe and elsewhere over the past 200 years is accurately reflected by the decline of lichens. Lichens have proved highly versatile for monitoring not only increasing but also decreasing levels of air pollution in general and, more recently, qualitative differences brought about by changes in energy policies, clean air legislation, and agricultural practices. The use of lichens as biological monitors of sulphur dioxide pollution over the past 150 years is reviewed, and techniques such as zonal mapping, pollution indexes, monitoring scales, and modelling are covered to demonstrate their effectiveness in air quality surveillance, often over wide geographical areas, where physicochemical equipment is often inadequate or indeed nonexistent.Key words: lichens, air pollution, sulphur dioxide, field studies.

scholarly journals Nitrogen dioxide and formaldehyde measurements from the GEOstationary Coastal and Air Pollution Events (GEO-CAPE) Airborne Simulator over Houston, Texas

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5941-5964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline R. Nowlan ◽  
Xiong Liu ◽  
Scott J. Janz ◽  
Matthew G. Kowalewski ◽  
Kelly Chance ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Scattered Light ◽  
Trace Gas ◽  
Satellite Mission ◽  
Tropospheric No2 ◽  
Pollution Events

Abstract. The GEOstationary Coastal and Air Pollution Events (GEO-CAPE) Airborne Simulator (GCAS) was developed in support of NASA's decadal survey GEO-CAPE geostationary satellite mission. GCAS is an airborne push-broom remote-sensing instrument, consisting of two channels which make hyperspectral measurements in the ultraviolet/visible (optimized for air quality observations) and the visible–near infrared (optimized for ocean color observations). The GCAS instrument participated in its first intensive field campaign during the Deriving Information on Surface Conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality (DISCOVER-AQ) campaign in Texas in September 2013. During this campaign, the instrument flew on a King Air B-200 aircraft during 21 flights on 11 days to make air quality observations over Houston, Texas. We present GCAS trace gas retrievals of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and formaldehyde (CH2O), and compare these results with trace gas columns derived from coincident in situ profile measurements of NO2 and CH2O made by instruments on a P-3B aircraft, and with NO2 observations from ground-based Pandora spectrometers operating in direct-sun and scattered light modes. GCAS tropospheric column measurements correlate well spatially and temporally with columns estimated from the P-3B measurements for both NO2 (r2=0.89) and CH2O (r2=0.54) and with Pandora direct-sun (r2=0.85) and scattered light (r2=0.94) observed NO2 columns. Coincident GCAS columns agree in magnitude with NO2 and CH2O P-3B-observed columns to within 10 % but are larger than scattered light Pandora tropospheric NO2 columns by 33 % and direct-sun Pandora NO2 columns by 50 %.

Umfang und Grenzen der Luftreinhalteplanung

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Berger
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
Ambient Air Quality ◽  
Control Plan ◽  
Limit Value

Since the rulings of the Federal Administrative Court (BVerwG) of 27 February 2018 on the Stuttgart and Düsseldorf air pollution control plans, diesel driving bans have become one of the best-known but also most controversial measures in the context of air pollution control planning. The reason for this is that the limit value for nitrogen dioxide, which is based on the requirements of the Ambient Air Quality Directive under EU law, is exceeded, particularly in conurbations. Taking into account the legal and administrative court requirements for the proportionality of traffic bans, the current challenges for the instrument of the air pollution control plan are shown and the implementation of planned measures in practice is examined on the basis of selected air pollution control plans.

Reduction in soya-bean yield after a brief exposure to nitrogen dioxide

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Gupta ◽  
S. Sabaratnam
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Bean Yield ◽  
Total Crop ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The most harmful of gaseous air pollutants include ozone (03), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (N02). These three pollutants are responsible for up to 90% of the total crop losses due to air pollution (Heck et al. 1981). Reduction in crop yield is one of the most common consequences of pollutant-crop interaction (Koziol & Whatley, 1984; Treshow, 1984). Mean yields of four soya-bean cultivars, York, Dare, Cutler and Clark, grown in open-top chambers with non-filtered air, were reduced by 20% compared with those grown in carbon-filtered air (Kohut et al. 1982). The major components affected were number of pods, number of seeds per filled pod and weight of seeds; a linear reduction in seed weight per plant was reported with increasing concentration of O3.

scholarly journals The characteristics of the air pollution of a transition economy city: The example of Belgrade

2007 ◽  
Vol 72 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 889-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Zujic ◽  
Bojan Radak ◽  
Dragan Markovic
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Transition Economy ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Almost All

The results of sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and black smoke (BS) levels in the Belgrade metropolitan area, the only pollutants measured at almost all 20 monitoring stations set up in the area, were critically analyzed, the most reliable ones select and the pollution characteristics were defined in these terms. Belgrade was found to have pollution typical for a city in economical transition - still high SO2 and BS levels, with seasonal variation, while moderate NO2 levels. This is discussed in terms of sources, as well as spatial and temporal distribution. .

scholarly journals Prayagraj: Air Pollution Profile and Policy Recommendations

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 560-573
Author(s):  
Sugandh Kumar Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Critical Zone ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The City ◽  
Pollution Profile

Air pollution is the fifth leading risk factor behind theworld – wide mortality. Ever growing population size feeding industrial activity through demand channel, vehicular pollution accompanied by rapid urbanization and burning of fossil fuels pose a serious threat to clean air. Some major air pollutants under study in the city of Prayagraj are Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Particulate Matter (PM10) and Sulphur Dioxide (SO2). Pollution profile of the city localityi.e. Rambagh, Johnstonganj, Alopibagh, Crossing Mahalakshmi talkies and Bharat Yantra Nigam are studied. PM10 level of exposure is serious in Crossing Mahalakshmi talkiesand Alopibagh area as exposure to very high level in the range of 250 – 400 µg/m3 occurs for the longest duration of time. Alopibagh, Johnstonganj and Rambagh shows critical level of Nitrogen Dioxide indicating higher vehicular movement in these areas. Trend wise, SO2 component has spiked above 12 µg/m3 at Rambagh, Johnstonganj and Alopibagh during the onset of winters season in 2016. Similar phenomenon was seen at Bharat Yantra Nigam and Crossing Mahalakshmi talkies during winter season of 2019. Arrival of monsoon tend to lower pollutants content in the outdoor ambient air quality. Overall air quality is in critical zone at Alopibagh for 45 per cent of the time period followed by Johnstonganj. Crossing Mahalakshmi talkies and Bharat Yantra Nigamshows critical air quality for more than 60 per cent of the time period which calls for urgent action to prevent them from entering the critical zone. Overall air quality of Prayagraj is range bound with air pollutants improve during the monsoon season. However, improvement in air quality has reduced in the last two years as fall in air pollutants is less in 2018 and 2019 monsoon compared to previous two years. The findings of the paper will help the administration, municipal corporation and various stake holders of the city to take targeted measures locality wise towards pollution control depending upon pollutants concentration and exposure area – wise. It will also raise public awareness about pollutant levels in their area.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF SENTINEL-5P PERFORMANCE FOR GROUND-LEVEL AIR QUALITY MONITORING: PREPARATORY EXPERIMENTS OVER THE COVID-19 LOCKDOWN PERIOD

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIV-3/W1-2020 ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
D. Oxoli ◽  
J. R. Cedeno Jimenez ◽  
M. A. Brovelli
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Air Quality Monitoring ◽  
Lombardy Region

Abstract. Scientific evidence has demonstrated that deterioration of ambient air quality has increased the number of deaths worldwide by appointing air pollution among the most pressing sustainability concerns. In this context, the continuous monitoring of air quality and the modelling of complex air pollution patterns is critical to protect population and ecosystems health. Availability of air quality observations has terrifically improved in the last decades allowing – nowadays – for extensive spatial and temporal resolved analysis at both global and local scale. Satellite remote sensing is mostly accountable for this data availability and is promising to foster air quality monitoring in support of traditional ground sensors measurements. In view of the above, this study compares observations from the Sentinel-5P mission of the European Copernicus Programme (the most recent Earth Observation platform providing open measurements of atmospheric constituents) with traditional ground measurements to investigate their space and time correlations across the Lombardy region (Northern Italy). The correlation analysis focused on nitrogen dioxide. The use of data collected during the COVID-19 pandemic allowed for a parallel exploration of the lockdown effects on nitrogen dioxide emissions. Results show a marked decrease in nitrogen dioxide concentrations during the lockdown and an overall strong positive correlation between satellite and ground sensors observations. These experiments are preparatory for future activities that will focus on the development of satellite-based air quality local prediction models, aiming at improving the granularity of the ground-based information available for air quality monitoring and exposure modelling.

scholarly journals Pre-During-Post Lockdown Air Quality in Adyar, Chennai, India Amid COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 110-117
Author(s):  
Monikandon Sukumaran ◽  
Kesavan Devarayan ◽  
Ramar Marimuthu ◽  
Sabariswaran Kandasamy
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Pollution Source ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Pm 2.5 ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
The People ◽  
Temporary Control

The COVID-19 pandemic has shoved most of the countries to implement restrictions for transportation and all other social activities to minimize spread of disease to the people. India is the second most populated country in the world which has implemented a historical complete lockdown throughout the country from the last week of March to April 2020 with an extension up to the first week of May 2020. This lockdown has slowed down the pollution levels in most of the cities in India within the first few weeks of the lockdown. In this view, the present study discusses the air quality scenario of Chennai, one of the megacities of India, scientifically. With the aid of air quality data of the Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board, India, for five parameters such as PM 2.5 and P.M 10, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and air quality index, the authors correlated the pre-during-post lockdown air quality of Adyar, Chennai. The results indicated that the concentrations of particulate matter reduced to about 50 � 80 % during the lockdown compared to pre-lockdown. The concentrations of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide were decreased to 50% and 20%, respectively, within the first week of lockdown. Further the data were compared with the pollution data for the past two years (2018 and 2019). The present study gives insight on the reduction of pollution in proportion to the temporary control of pollution source at particular interval could rejuvenate the environment.

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