scholarly journals Sol-gel prepared active ternary oxide coating on titanium in cathodic protection

2007 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 1393-1402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Panic ◽  
Branislav Nikolic
Keyword(s):  
Cathodic Protection ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Oxide Coating ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Ternary Oxide ◽  
Electrochemical Characteristics ◽  
Accelerated Corrosion ◽  
Metal Chlorides ◽  
Corrosion Stability ◽  
The Stability

The characteristics of a ternary oxide coating, on titanium, which consisted of TiO2, RuO2 and IrO2 in the molar ratio 0.6:0.3:0.1, calculated on the metal atom, were investigated for potential application for cathodic protection in a seawater environment. The oxide coatings on titanium were prepared by the sol-gel procedure from a mixture of inorganic oxide sols, which were obtained by forced hydrolysis of metal chlorides. The morphology of the coating was examined by scanning electron microscopy. The electrochemical properties of activated titanium anodes were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and polarization measurements in a H2SO4- and NaCl-containing electrolyte, as well as in seawater sampled on the Adriatic coast in Tivat, Montenegro. The anode stability during operation in seawater was investigated by the galvanostatic accelerated corrosion stability test. The morphology and electrochemical characteristics of the ternary coating are compared to that of a sol-gel-prepared binary Ti0.6Ru0.4O2 coating. The activity of the ternary coating was similar to that of the binary Ti0.6Ru0.4O2 coating in the investigated solutions. However, the stability in seawater is found to be considerably greater for the ternary coating.

The Effect of Layer Number on the Nanostructural Ternary Mixed Oxide Containing Ti, Ru and Ir on Titanium

2013 ◽  
Vol 829 ◽  
pp. 638-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Goudarzi ◽  
Mohammad Ghorbani
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Oxide Coating ◽  
Ternary Oxide ◽  
Electrochemical Characteristics ◽  
Layer Number ◽  
Noble Metal Oxides ◽  
Cracked Structures ◽  
Ternary Mixed Oxide ◽  
Scanning Electron

Titanium anodes coated with noble metal oxides are widely used in chlorate industry. In fact, these anodes are dimensionally stable. In this article, the electrochemical characteristics of the ternary oxide coating created by sol-gel on titanium, which consisted of Ti, Ru and Ir, were investigated in the number of different layers. The electrochemical properties of anodes, morphology of samples, and phase analysis were investigated respectively by cyclic voltammetry and polarization measurements, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and XRD. The result indicated that the application of the more layer number increases the rate of chlorine evolution. Also, The morphology of the coatings was cracked structures and cracks in the coating with six layers were distributed uniformly.

Thin Films of Europium (III) Doped-TiO2 Prepared by Electrophoretic Deposition from Nanoparticulate Sols

2012 ◽  
Vol 507 ◽  
pp. 73-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Borlaf ◽  
Maria Teresa Colomer ◽  
Howard Titzel ◽  
James H. Dickerson ◽  
Rodrigo Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Electrophoretic Deposition ◽  
Colloidal Stability ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Versatile Technique ◽  
The Stability

Colloidal sol-gel is a common method used for the preparation of stable and homogeneous sols and thin films. The nanoparticulate sols can be easily deposited by EPD, which is a versatile technique for producing denser and thicker coatings than those produced by other techniques like dipping. A complete characterization of the sols, such as colloidal stability and electrophoretic mobility, which can be determined through zeta potential measurements, as well as the influence of deflocculants in the surface properties, is needed before using electrophoretic deposition. In this work, we have prepared sols of TiO2with an alkoxide:water molar ratio of 50:1 and Eu (III) doped-TiO2(2 mole % Eu (III)) using as precursors titanium (IV) isopropoxide and europium (III) acetate hydrate, respectively. The stability of the particulate sols was studied in terms of conductivity, zeta potential and viscosity evolution. Anatase stable sols, after peptization and without the use of any additive, were deposited on stainless steel substrates by electrophoretic deposition under both constant current and constant voltage conditions. Using different intensities and deposition times we have obtained thin films with different features (thicknesses and morphology) and different optical properties. The presence of europium (III) increases particle size, viscosity and peptization time and decreases the band gap of TiO2.

Measurement and Characterization of CeO2-TiO2 Ion Storage Films for Electrochromic Devices

2017 ◽  
Vol 726 ◽  
pp. 276-281
Author(s):  
Wei Shan Wu ◽  
Xiao Ping Liang ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Peng Chen ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sol Gel ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Nitrate Hexahydrate ◽  
Electrochromic Devices ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Ion Storage ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Dip Coating Technique

CeO2-TiO2 sols and films were prepared by sol-gel method. The precursor sols consist of a mixture of cerium nitrate hexahydrate Ce(NO3)3·6H2O, butyl titanate Ti(OC4H9)4 and anhydrous ethanol CH3CH2OH. The films were deposited using the dip-coating technique and calcined at 310 °C in an oxygen atmosphere. The effects of the molar ratios of cerium to titanium（0.55:1, 0.70:1, 0.85:1, 1:1）on the microstructure and properties of (CeO2)x-TiO2 films were investigated. The surface morphology, electrochemical performance and optical property were characterized by FE-SEM, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and UV-Visible spectrometer, respectively. The results show that the properties of the films are tightly related to cerium to titanium ratio. When the molar ratio of cerium to titaniumis 0.85:1, the ion storage capacity value of CeO2-TiO2 film is 19.99mC/cm2, whereas the pure TiO2 film is 11.52mC/cm2. The stability tests and optical measurements confirm that the developed CeO2-TiO2 films can be use as ion storage-counter eletrodes in electrochromic devices.

Study On Nano-Structured SnO2-23wt%TiO2-21wt%RuO2 Coated Titanium Anode

2006 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 603-608
Author(s):  
Xin Wang ◽  
Dian Tang ◽  
Jing En Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Oxide Coating ◽  
Rutile Phase ◽  
O2 Evolution ◽  
Ternary Oxide ◽  
Nominal Composition ◽  
X Rays ◽  
High Level

Sn is one of the most important elements for the Cl2-evolving anode coatings, but it always used as a minor additive. In this paper, an Sn-based ternary oxide coating with its composition of SnO2-23wt%TiO2-21wt%RuO2 was prepared by a sol-gel technique through etching, painting, sintering and annealing. The differential thermal analysis (DTA) shows that the crystallization behavior of the ternary xerogel is more similar to that of pure xerogels SnO2. X-rays diffraction (XRD) indicates that the coating is composed of rutile phase (Sn,Ti,Ru)O2. Any other undesired phases, for example, anatase TiO2 and metallic ruthenium phases are not found in the coatings. The microstructure and the morphologies were studied by a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results of energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) indicate Sn content in the coatings remain at high level and coincident with the nominal composition. The grain sizes in the coatings are around 4 nm. The voltage of Cl2-evolution and O2-evolution shows the ternary coating has good electrochemical properties.

scholarly journals Differences in the electrochemical behavior of ruthenium and iridium oxide in electrocatalytic coatings of activated titanium anodes prepared by the sol-gel procedure

2010 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 1413-1420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Panic ◽  
Aleksandar Dekanski ◽  
Vesna Miskovic-Stankovic ◽  
Slobodan Milonjic ◽  
Branislav Nikolic
Keyword(s):  
Sol Gel ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Electrochemical Characteristics ◽  
H2so4 Solution ◽  
Metal Chlorides ◽  
Impedance Characteristics ◽  
Voltammetric Behavior ◽  
Redox Transitions ◽  
Surface Redox ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The electrochemical characteristics of Ti0.6Ir0.4O2/Ti and Ti0.6Ru0.4O2/Ti anodes prepared by the sol-gel procedure from the corresponding oxide sols, obtained by force hydrolysis of the corresponding metal chlorides, were compared. The voltammetric properties in H2SO4 solution indicate that Ti0.6Ir0.4O2/Ti has more pronounced pseudocapacitive characteristics, caused by proton-assisted, solid state surface redox transitions of the oxide. At potentials negative to 0.0 VSCE, this electrode is of poor conductivity and activity, while the voltammetric behavior of the Ti0.6Ru0.4O2/Ti electrode is governed by proton injection/ejection into the oxide structure. The Ti0.6Ir0.4O2/Ti electrode had a higher electrocatalytical activity for oxygen evolution, while the investigated anodes were of similar activity for chlorine evolution. The potential dependence of the impedance characteristics showed that the Ti0.6Ru0.4O2/Ti electrode behaved like a capacitor over a wider potential range than the Ti0.6Ir0.4O2/Ti electrode, with fully-developed pseudocapacitive properties at potentials positive to 0.60 VSCE. However, the impedance characteristics of the Ti0.6Ir0.4O2/Ti electrode changed with increasing potential from resistor-like to capacitor-like behavior.

scholarly journals Sol-Gel Derived Ti-Fe Oxide Coating for Photoelectrochemical Cathodic Protection of Carbon Steel

1998 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianshun Huang ◽  
Tomoyoshi Konishi ◽  
Tadashi Shinohara ◽  
Shigeo Tsujikawa
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Cathodic Protection ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Oxide Coating ◽  
Fe Oxide

scholarly journals Electrocatalytic properties and stability of titanium anodes activated by the inorganic sol-gel procedure

2008 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 1083-1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Panic ◽  
Branislav Nikolic
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Stability Test ◽  
Electrochemical Characteristics ◽  
Potential Region ◽  
Metal Chlorides ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Accelerated Stability ◽  
Activity Loss

The properties of activated titanium anodes, RuO2-TiO2/Ti and RuO2--TiO2-IrO2/Ti, prepared from oxide sols by the sol-gel procedure, are reviewed. RuO2 and TiO2 sols were synthesized by forced hydrolysis of the corresponding chlorides in acid medium. The morphology of the prepared sols was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. The chemical composition of the RuO2 sol was determined by X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis. The loss of electrocatalytic activity of a RuO2-TiO2/Ti anode during an accelerated stability test was investigated by examination of the changes in the electrochemical characteristics in the potential region of the chlorine and oxygen evolution reaction, as well as on the open circuit potential. These electrochemical characteristics were investigated by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and polarization measurements. The changes in electrochemical characteristics of the anode prepared by the sol-gel procedure were compared to the changes registered for an anode prepared by the traditional thermal decomposition of metal chlorides. The comparison indicated that the main cause for the activity loss of the sol-gel prepared anode was the electrochemical dissolution of RuO2, while in the case of thermally prepared anode the loss was mainly caused by the formation of an insulating TiO2 layer in the coating/Ti substrate interphase. The results of an accelerated stability test on RuO2-TiO2/Ti and RuO2--TiO2-IrO2/Ti anodes showed that the ternary coating is considerably more stable than the binary one, which is the consequence of the greater stability of IrO2 in comparison to RuO2.

Study on Photocatalytic Degradation Performance of Nano Carbon Load WO3 Doping TiO2 Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 881-883 ◽  
pp. 901-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Hui Hui Zhu ◽  
Kai Chen Lei ◽  
Heng Quan
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Doping Amount ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Carbon Load

WO3doping TiO2composites with nanocarbon are prepared by sol-gel and hydrothermal, and the composites are studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-visible light scanning. The photocatalytic degradation effects of different conditions on the direct scarlet 4BS solution has been Investigated. The results show that doped WO3does not change the main structure of TiO2, but affect its crystalline properties. When WO3doping amount is 3.0 mol%, the crystallinity of composite reaches maximum value. The introduction of nanocarbon can improve the crystallinity of composite when the molar ratio of WO3doping is 3.0%, the photocatalytic activity is the highest, nanocarbon as a carrier can increase the photocatalyst adsorption capacity to achieve the objective of improving the photocatalytic efficiency when WO3and nanocarbon doped TiO2, the stability of the composite about catalytic activity is excellent.

UV Curable Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Materials

2000 ◽  
Vol 628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang-Way Jang ◽  
Ren-Jye Wu ◽  
Yuung-Ching Sheen ◽  
Ya-Hui Lin ◽  
Chi-Jung Chang
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Materials ◽  
Colloidal Silica ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Uv Curable ◽  
Inorganic Hybrid ◽  
Degradation Temperature ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Thermal Degradation Temperature

This work successfully prepared an UV curable organic-inorganic hybrid material consisting of organic modified colloidal silica. Applications of UV curable organic-inorganic hybrid materials include abrasion resistant coatings, photo-patternable thin films and waveguides. Colloidal silica containing reactive functional groups were also prepared by reacting organic silane and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) using sol-gel process. In addition, the efficiency of grafting organic moiety onto silica nanoparticles was investigated by applying TGA and FTIR techniques. Experimental results indicated a strong interdependence between surface modification efficiency and solution pH. Acrylate-SiO2 hybrid formation could result in a shifting of thermal degradation temperature of organic component from about 200°C to near 400°C. In addition, the stability of organic modified colloidal silica in UV curable formula and the physical properties of resulting coatings were discussed. Furthermore, the morphology of organic modified colloidal silica was investigated by performing TEM and SEM studies‥

Efficient Micromixing for Continuous Biodiesel Production from Jatropha Oil

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-139
Author(s):  
Waleed S. Mohammed ◽  
Ahmed H. El-Shazly ◽  
Marwa F. Elkady ◽  
Masahiro Ohshima
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Jatropha Oil ◽  
Energy Deficiency ◽  
Gel Preparation

Introduction: The utilization of biodiesel as an alternative fuel is turning out to be progressively famous these days because of worldwide energy deficiency. The enthusiasm for utilizing Jatropha as a non-edible oil feedstock is quickly developing. The performance of the base catalyzed methanolysis reaction could be improved by a continuous process through a microreactor in view of the high mass transfer coefficient of this technique. Materials & Methods: Nanozirconium tungstovanadate, which was synthetized using sol-gel preparation method, was utilized in a complementary step for biodiesel production process. The prepared material has an average diameter of 0.066 &µm. Results: First, the NaOH catalyzed methanolysis of Jatropha oil was investigated in a continuous microreactor, and the efficient mixing over different mixers and its impact on the biodiesel yield were studied under varied conditions. Second, the effect of adding the nanocatalyst as a second stage was investigated. Conclusion: The maximum percentage of produced methyl esters from Jatropha oil was 98.1% using a methanol/Jatropha oil molar ratio of 11 within 94 s using 1% NaOH at 60 &°C. The same maximum conversion ratio was recorded with the nanocatalyst via only 0.3% NaOH.

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