Immune response to hepatitis B vaccine in elite athletes

Introduction. Hepatitis B viral infection can create serious health problems, such as acute and chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis of liver and hepatocellular carcinoma. Athletes have bigger risk of hepatitis B infection due to frequent injuries with bleeding, their style of living (promiscuity), close contact with teammates, etc. The aim of this study was to investigate the immune response to hepatitis B vaccine among elite athletes, compared to corresponding control group of male subjects from general non-athlete population, and to test out reaction in relation to age. Method. There were 21 elite football players and 30 control non-athlete males. After written consent, they all received three doses of hepatitis B vaccine (Euvax B, Sanofi Pasteur) during 6 months. Eight weeks later, their immune response (as anti-HBs antibody titre in serum) was assessed and statistical significance of the findings was tested. The level of immune response was also evaluated in different age clusters within test groups. Results. None of the footballers was without response to the vaccine. One of the subjects from the control group did not develop it. The group of athletes was with better mean values of antibody titre (1626621 mIU/ml vs. 1568455 mIU/ml), but without statistical significance (t=0.375; p > 0.05), and with a greater deal of subjects who developed very good immune response (titre over 2000 miU/ml). Younger football players had better immune reaction than older (age 18-24, 1795560 miU/ml, vs. age 25-29 years, 1597470 mIU/ml vs. age 30 and more, 1360904 miU/ml), but without statistical importance (II - 1.593; p > 0.05). Conclusion. Our study has shown that elite athletes respond very well to hepatitis B vaccination and have good immune response. Vaccination against hepatitis B of elite athletes is very important, because viral infection can seriously affect their health and stop their careers. .

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Immune response to hepatitis B vaccine following complete immunization of children attending two regional hospitals in the Southwest region of Cameroon: a cross sectional study

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-021-06913-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ephesians N. Anutebeh ◽

Lambed Tatah ◽

Vitalis F. Feteh ◽

Desmond Aroke ◽

Jules C. N. Assob ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Large Scale ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Regional Hospitals ◽

Surface Antibody

Abstract Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection despite being a vaccine preventable disease remains a global public health problem. In Cameroon, the hepatitis B vaccine was introduced in the expanded program on immunisation in 2005, but there has been limited evaluation of the HBV surface antibody response post vaccination. Objective We investigated the immune response to hepatitis B vaccine in infants who received the DPT-Hep B-Hib vaccine, and we assessed HBsAg carriage in non-responders. We also investigated factors associated with non-response or poor response. Methods Using a hospital based cross sectional design and a structured questionnaire over a four-month period (January to April 2019), we collected data to determine factors associated with hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) response from infants aged 6 to 9 months attending infant welfare clinics (IWC) at the Buea and Limbe regional hospitals. We collected venous blood and measured anti-HBs titres using a quantitative Foresight® ELISA. We entered and analysed data using EpiData version 3.1 and SPSS version 25 respectively. Results Of the 161 infants enrolled, 159 (98.8%) developed anti-HBs antibodies. Of these 159, 157 (97.5%) and 117 (72.7%) developed ≥ 10.0 mIU/ml (seroprotection) and ≥ 100.0 mIU/ml anti-HBs titres respectively. Being younger (6 months old) was associated with seroprotection (Cramer V = 0.322, p = 0.001). Spearman rho’s relational analysis showed that immunity against HBV reduced as the duration since the last dose increased (r = −0.172; P = 0.029). However, a Firth logistic regression showed no significant association of factors with inadequate immunity. All 12 (7.5%) infants exposed to HBV at birth, received the hepatitis B vaccine at birth, including four who received HBIG, and all were protected. Four infants (2.5%) had anti-HBs titres < 10.0 mIU/mL (non-responders) but had no peculiarity. Conclusion The seroprotective rate following hepatitis B vaccination of infants is high even in exposed infants. Our study suggests that Cameroon’s HBV vaccine in the Expanded Program on Immunisation (EPI) is effective against HBV, although we could not account for the 2.5% non-response rate. Large scale studies are needed to further explore non-response to the vaccine.

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The significance of age and sex for the absence of immune response to hepatitis B vaccination

Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo ◽

10.2298/sarh0802033r ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 136 (1-2) ◽

pp. 33-37 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ilija Rosic ◽

Sead Malicevic ◽

Snezana Medic

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Relative Risk ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Population Sample ◽

Age Groups ◽

Deltoid Muscle ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽

Vaccine Manufacturer ◽

Significant Difference

INTRODUCTION Seroepidemiological investigations after the administration of hepatitis B vaccine have shown that even 15% of vaccinated healthy persons do not generate immune response to the vaccines currently in use. OBJECTIVE The aim of the research is to test the immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccine in different age groups on the adult vaccinated population sample in Serbia. METHOD The tested general population sample consisted of 154 adult subjects. Immunization was done using the recombinant fungal vaccine obtained by genetic engineering (Euvax B vaccine, manufacturer LG, distributor Sanofi Pasteur). All tested subjects in the research received 1 ml of hepatitis B vaccine administered intramuscularly into the deltoid muscle by 0, 1, 6 schedule. RESULTS In the tested sample, 3.13% of persons aged up to 29 years, 6.25% aged 30-35 year and 19.23% of the tested persons aged 40 years and older had no immune response. The relative risk of ?no response" findings was twice higher in the group aged 30-39 as compared to the population aged up to 29 years. The detected risk was six times higher for the population of 40 years and older in comparison to the population aged up to 29 years. Also, the relative risk of ?no response" findings for the population of 40 years and older was more than three times higher than for the group aged 30-39. Absent immune response in relation to sex was found to be higher in male subjects. CONCLUSION The rates of ?no response" finding was the following: 3.13% in the group aged up to 29 years, 6.25% in the group aged 30-39, as well as in the group aged 40 years and older (19.23%). Immune response in relation to age groups was statistically significantly different (p<0.001), while there was a statistically significant correlation (C=0.473; p<0.001) between the age of the subjects and the immune response. In relation to sex, the ?no response" finding was found to be increased in the males, but without any statistically significant difference (p>0.05).

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Hepatitis B Vaccination Safety

Annals of Pharmacotherapy ◽

10.1345/aph.1a304 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 370-374 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Mark R Geier ◽

David A Geier

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B ◽

Adverse Reactions ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Genetically Engineered ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽

Control Groups ◽

Antigen Vaccine ◽

Single Antigen ◽

The Us

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have suggested that adult hepatitis B vaccination may be associated with adverse reactions. OBJECTIVE: To further examine the relative risk, percentage association, and statistical significance of arthritic, immunologic, and gastrointestinal adverse reactions reported after adult hepatitis B vaccination compared with control vaccines. DESIGN: The Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS) database was analyzed for the incidence of adverse reactions after adult hepatitis B immunization compared with the incidence of adverse reactions reported to VAERS about vaccine control groups. SETTING: The medical and scientific communities have generally accepted that hepatitis B vaccine, a highly purified, genetically engineered single-antigen vaccine, is a safe vaccine. METHODS: The VAERS database was analyzed from 1997 to 2000 for adverse reactions associated with adult hepatitis B vaccination and from 1991 to 2000 for adverse reactions reported about vaccine control groups. RESULTS: The results showed a statistically significant increase in the incidence of adverse reactions reported after adult hepatitis B vaccination when compared with the incidence of adverse reactions reported to VAERS about control vaccines. CONCLUSIONS: Patients and physicians need to be fully informed of the potential adverse reactions associated with hepatitis B vaccination so that together they can make an informed consent decision about the risk versus the benefit. Patients who may have had an associated adverse reaction to hepatitis B vaccine should be made aware that they may be eligible for compensation from the no-fault Vaccine Compensation Act, administered by the US Court of Claims. TRASFONDO: Estudios recientes sugieren que la vacunación para hepatitis B en adultos podría estar asociada con reacciones adversas.

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An investigation of the efficacy on hepatitis B vaccination in hemodialysis patients in Ardabil, Iran

Journal of Renal Injury Prevention ◽

10.15171/jrip.2019.02 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 6-10

Author(s):

Susan Mohammadi Kebar ◽

Saeed Hoseininia ◽

Yousef Mohammadi Kebar ◽

Mohammad Broumand

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Poor Response ◽

Hemodialysis Patients ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽

Double Dose ◽

Serological Markers ◽

The Past ◽

Lower Immune Response

Introduction: Hemodialysis patients usually demonstrate lower immune response to hepatitis B vaccine compared to non-uremic population. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the level of response to hepatitis B vaccination in patients under hemodialysis. Patients and Methods: This study was conducted on 172 live patients receiving hemodialysis in the dialysis department of Buali hospital in Ardabil, Iran (2015). To analyze their response to the vaccine, their vaccination titers were investigated. Before vaccination, the serological markers of hepatitis B and C were checked in all of the patients. Those for whom HBsAg and HBsAb results were negative and had not received the vaccinein the past entered the study. The patients received a double dose of hepatitis B vaccine at 0, 1, and 6 months after the beginning of dialysis. The response to the vaccine was investigated by measuring the level of patients’ hepatitis B antibody one month after receiving the last dose of the vaccine. Results: Seventy patients (40% of the total) displayed a proper immune response to the vaccine, 34 patients (19.8%) were without, and 68 patients (39.5%) were identified to have poor response. The results of Pearson’s correlation test indicated that there is a negative correlation between the patients’ age and their response to the vaccine. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that higher age is one of the factors that reduce the effectiveness of hepatitis B vaccine in hemodialysis patients.

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STUDY OF IMMUNE RESPONSE AFTER HEPATITIS B VACCINATION IN DOCTORS

International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies ◽

10.32553/ijmbs.v4i6.1219 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

Author(s):

B.L. Meena ◽

Nikhil Gandhi ◽

M.P. Sharma

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Booster Dose ◽

Booster Vaccination ◽

Primary Vaccination ◽

Vaccination Status ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽

Age Group ◽

Seroprotection Rate

Background: Aim of our study was to evaluate the immune response after hepatitis B vaccination and to determine the duration of protective levels of HBsAb titre in doctors. From our study we concluded that hepatitis-B vaccine gives protection for more than 10 years after primary vaccination and booster dose of Hepatitis-B vaccine is not required in immunocompetent persons after primary vaccination. Method: In this study total 100 doctors of our institution were included who were vaccinated against hepatitis B. Data were obtained regarding age, sex, weight, height, BMI and duration of vaccination period. Doctors with no prior vaccination or incomplete vaccination or those who took booster vaccination were excluded from this study. Results: The mean titre was observed to be higher in 30 to 34 years of age group (584.42±4.03.21) as compared to age group of less than 25 and greater than 40 years. Moreover, males were observed to have higher mean titre as compared to females. (411.64± 417.27 vs 333.66± 431.49) but not statistically significant. Similar with age and sex, duration of vaccination status was also not statistically significant. When we compared the duration of vaccination status with age group , mean titre was more in ≥30 years of age group as compared to <30 years (younger age groups) but statistically significant relation was observed only with the 1 month to <5 years of duration. Conclusion: From our study we concluded that hepatitis-B vaccinegives protection for more than 10 years after primary vaccination and booster dose of Hepatitis-B vaccine is not required inimmuno-competent persons after primary vaccination. Keywords: HbsAg titre , HepatitsB vaccine , seroprotection rate.

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Immune response to the hepatitis B vaccine among HIV-infected adults in Uganda

Vaccine ◽

10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.01.043 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 (8) ◽

pp. 1265-1271

Author(s):

E. Seremba ◽

P. Ocama ◽

R. Ssekitoleko ◽

H. Mayanja-Kizza ◽

S.V. Adams ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccine

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Circulating Tfh cell and subsets distribution are associated with low‐responsiveness to hepatitis B vaccination

Molecular Medicine ◽

10.1186/s10020-021-00290-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mingjuan Yin ◽

Yongzhen Xiong ◽

Dongmei Liang ◽

Hao Tang ◽

Qian Hong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽

Cellular Mechanisms ◽

Immunological Responses ◽

Follicular Helper ◽

Low Responders ◽

Specific Subset ◽

Antibody Titers

Abstract Background An estimated 5–10 % of healthy vaccinees lack adequate antibody response following receipt of a standard three-dose hepatitis B vaccination regimen. The cellular mechanisms responsible for poor immunological responses to hepatitis B vaccine have not been fully elucidated to date. Methods There were 61 low responders and 56 hyper responders involved in our study. Peripheral blood samples were mainly collected at D7, D14 and D28 after revaccinated with a further dose of 20 µg of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. Results We found low responders to the hepatitis B vaccine presented lower frequencies of circulating follicular helper T (cTfh) cells, plasmablasts and a profound skewing away from cTfh2 and cTfh17 cells both toward cTfh1 cells. Importantly, the skewing of Tfh cell subsets correlated with IL-21 and protective antibody titers. Based on the key role of microRNAs involved in Tfh cell differentiation, we revealed miR-19b-1 and miR-92a-1 correlated with the cTfh cell subsets distribution and antibody production. Conclusions Our findings highlighted a decrease in cTfh cells and specific subset skewing contribute to reduced antibody responses in low responders.

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