scholarly journals Proliferation of B-lymphocytes in inflammatory and hematological diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 377-381
Author(s):  
Tamara Tesic ◽  
Dajana Lendak ◽  
Ivana Urosevic ◽  
Igor Mitic ◽  
Vanja Andric
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
B Cell Malignancies ◽  
Variance Test ◽  
Inflammatory Disorders ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Post Hoc

Introduction. A proliferation-inducing ligand is a membrane binding protein that represents one of the main survival factors for immature, naive and activated B-cells, and is involved in the global immune response. The objective of this study was to determine whether plasma levels of a proliferation-inducing ligand may be used to assess the proliferation of B-lymphocytes in patients with bacterial infections, B-cell malignancies and autoimmune inflammatory disorders. Material and Methods. The study included 91 patients divided into three groups and 30 blood donors assigned to the control group. Group 1 included 34 patients with bacterial infections confirmed by microbiology and/or radiology diagnostic tests; group 2 included 32 patients with B-cell malignancies; and group 3 included 25 patients with autoimmune inflammatory diseases. All plasma samples were assayed for a proliferation-inducing ligand using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The differences between groups were examined by one-way analysis of variance test and post hoc analysis. Results. One way analysis of variance test showed a statistically significant difference in concentrations of a proliferation-inducing ligand in the examined groups. The highest mean value of a proliferation-inducing ligand was found in patients with established bacterial infections (x? = 8,294 ng/ml). Post hoc analysis showed that a proliferation-inducing ligand levels in the plasma samples of patients with bacterial infections were significantly higher than in healthy controls, and patients with hematological and autoimmune diseases, respectively. Conclusion. B-cell proliferation was increased in patients with bacterial infections in regard to patients with other disorders. Therefore, a proliferation inducing ligand can be used to differentiate bacterial infections from other inflammatory disorders and may be helpful in decision making whether to start antibiotic treatment or not. <br><br><font color="red"><b> This article has been corrected. Link to the correction <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/MPNS1912362E">10.2298/MPNS1912362E</a><u></b></font>

scholarly journals Metabolic Swifts Govern Normal and Malignant B Cell Lymphopoiesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8269
Author(s):  
Aikaterini Poulaki ◽  
Stavroula Giannouli
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Memory B Cells ◽  
Immunologic Memory ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
B Cell Malignancies ◽  
Stringent Control ◽  
Human Immune ◽  
New Research

B lymphocytes are an indispensable part of the human immune system. They are the effective mediators of adaptive immunity and memory. To accomplish specificity against an antigen, and to establish the related immunologic memory, B cells differentiate through a complicated and strenuous training program that is characterized by multiple drastic genomic modifications. In order to avoid malignant transformation, these events are tightly regulated by multiple checkpoints, the vast majority of them involving bioenergetic alterations. Despite this stringent control program, B cell malignancies are amongst the top ten most common worldwide. In an effort to better understand malignant pathobiology, in this review, we summarize the metabolic swifts that govern normal B cell lymphopoiesis. We also review the existent knowledge regarding malignant metabolism as a means to unravel new research goals and/or therapeutic targets.

Examining the Validity of Selected Measures of Foot Type

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Mathieson ◽  
Dominic Upton ◽  
Trevor D. Prior
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Subtalar Joint ◽  
Joint Position ◽  
Reference Position ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Foot Morphology ◽  
Arch Index ◽  
Post Hoc

The rationale that subtalar joint position, reflected by calcaneal alignment, determines foot morphology was used to formulate an approach to examination of the validity of three measures of “foot type”: the Staheli Arch Index, the Chippaux-Smirak Index, and navicular height. Each measure was calculated in five positions, progressively inverting from a reference position of maximal comfortable eversion. Pearson product moment correlations (Staheli Arch Index: r = 0.5; Chippaux-Smirak Index: r = 0.6; and navicular height: r = 0.8) indicated that each measure progressively increased with inversion. The change in calcaneal position required to produce significant changes in each measure was investigated using analysis of variance with Scheffé post hoc analysis. This analysis revealed that changes of 15° and 20° were required to produce significant differences in Chippaux-Smirak Index and Staheli Arch Index scores, respectively, threatening their validity. Navicular height was sensitive to smaller changes of 10° and thus displays greater sensitivity to changes in calcaneal position than the footprint parameters tested. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 94(3): 275–281, 2004)

Simultaneous Investigation of Effects of Distance of Projection and Object Size on Object Reception by Children in Grade 1

1982 ◽  
Vol 54 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1183-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Gregory Payne
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Object Size ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Ball Size ◽  
Conventional Analysis ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Control Accuracy

This study examined simultaneously the effects of distance of projection (4-, 6-, and 8-horizontal ft.) and object size (6-, 8.5-in., and 10-in. diameter balls) on object reception by children in the first grade. 6 boys and 6 girls were randomly assigned to each of the 3 distances (36 subjects total). Each subject was administered 36 trials, 12 attempted catches with each ball size at their assigned distance. All balls were projected by a device designed to control accuracy as well as the angle of projection for projections to each distance. Each attempted catch was evaluated by a 5-point scale ( r = .96). Trials, sex, distance of projection, ball size, and related interactions were examined using a conventional analysis of variance. Ball size was the only significant main effect, but the interaction between ball size and sex was also significant. Post hoc analysis indicated that the 10-in. ball gave significantly more catching success than the 8.5- or the 6-in. ball. Although more success in catching was achieved with the larger ball sizes, no difference in catching was attributable to the varying distances. The sequences for catching success according to ball size at each distance were not significantly different.

scholarly journals An improved clonal excess assay using flow cytometry and B-cell gating

Blood ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 1178-1185
Author(s):  
BW Letwin ◽  
PK Wallace ◽  
KA Muirhead ◽  
GL Hensler ◽  
WH Kashatus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
B Cells ◽  
B Cell ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Fluorescence Intensity ◽  
Light Scatter ◽  
B Cell Malignancies ◽  
Clonal Proliferation ◽  
Minimal Disease ◽  
Low Levels

In humans with B-cell malignancies, the presence of monoclonal B lymphocytes (clonal proliferation) can be detected by comparing the fluorescence intensity distributions of lymphocytes stained with anti- kappa and anti-lambda reagents. The sensitivity of previously described single-color immunofluorescence techniques to low levels of clonal excess is limited by background from cytophilic immunoglobulins on non- B cells and by the low proportion of circulating B cells in individuals with minimal disease. We have used two-color immunofluorescence and B- cell gating to develop an improved assay that avoids false positives due to non-B cells, without requiring restrictive light scatter gates that may exclude true positives. This method is sensitive to 0.2% monoclonal B cells admixed with fresh normal lymphocytes, to 0.6% monoclonal B cells admixed with normal lymphocytes that have been stored for up to 72 hours, and readily detects 1% monoclonal cells in patient specimens. The two color B-cell gated assay offers sensitivity equivalent to the single-color assay and improved specificity for detection of low levels of clonal excess.

scholarly journals Rearranged Ig Heavy Chain DNA Is Detectable in Cell-Free Blood Samples of Patients With B-Cell Neoplasia

Blood ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 90 (12) ◽  
pp. 4953-4960 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Frickhofen ◽  
E. Müller ◽  
M. Sandherr ◽  
T. Binder ◽  
M. Bangerter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
B Cell Malignancies ◽  
Bulky Disease

Tumor-derived DNA has been shown in various cell-free body fluids. In this study, soluble tumor-derived DNA was analyzed in serum and plasma samples of patients with B-cell malignancies. DNA was extracted from tumor cell specimens as well as serum and plasma samples collected from 110 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and acute B-precursor lymphoblastic leukemia and was subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis for rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain DNA. In 54% of serum or plasma samples analyzed at different times before and during treatment, clonal DNA from a rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain locus was detectable. When examined at diagnosis and before any treatment, clonotypic DNA was found in serum or plasma of 86% of the patients. Serum or plasma from patients with systemic or bulky disease was uniformly PCR positive, whereas clonotypic DNA was also recovered from the serum or plasma from the majority of patients with limited disease stages. Degradation of clonal DNA by nucleases in vitro was shown to be one cause of false-negative PCR results. This technical drawback can be relieved by adding a nuclease inhibitor like EDTA, ie, by using plasma instead of serum for PCR analysis. Treatment of patients with cytotoxic drugs was followed by rapid clearance of DNA from the peripheral blood, suggesting that soluble tumor-derived DNA might be associated with viable and proliferating tumor cells. Follow-up studies showed a close correlation of persisting soluble tumor-derived DNA with resistant disease or early relapse. In summary, these data suggest that tumor-derived DNA can be detected in serum or plasma of the majority of patients with B-cell malignancies and that testing of serum or plasma for tumor-associated DNA may be a novel parameter for monitoring response to treatment.

scholarly journals Rearranged Ig Heavy Chain DNA Is Detectable in Cell-Free Blood Samples of Patients With B-Cell Neoplasia

Blood ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 90 (12) ◽  
pp. 4953-4960 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Frickhofen ◽  
E. Müller ◽  
M. Sandherr ◽  
T. Binder ◽  
M. Bangerter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
B Cell Malignancies ◽  
Bulky Disease

Abstract Tumor-derived DNA has been shown in various cell-free body fluids. In this study, soluble tumor-derived DNA was analyzed in serum and plasma samples of patients with B-cell malignancies. DNA was extracted from tumor cell specimens as well as serum and plasma samples collected from 110 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and acute B-precursor lymphoblastic leukemia and was subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis for rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain DNA. In 54% of serum or plasma samples analyzed at different times before and during treatment, clonal DNA from a rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain locus was detectable. When examined at diagnosis and before any treatment, clonotypic DNA was found in serum or plasma of 86% of the patients. Serum or plasma from patients with systemic or bulky disease was uniformly PCR positive, whereas clonotypic DNA was also recovered from the serum or plasma from the majority of patients with limited disease stages. Degradation of clonal DNA by nucleases in vitro was shown to be one cause of false-negative PCR results. This technical drawback can be relieved by adding a nuclease inhibitor like EDTA, ie, by using plasma instead of serum for PCR analysis. Treatment of patients with cytotoxic drugs was followed by rapid clearance of DNA from the peripheral blood, suggesting that soluble tumor-derived DNA might be associated with viable and proliferating tumor cells. Follow-up studies showed a close correlation of persisting soluble tumor-derived DNA with resistant disease or early relapse. In summary, these data suggest that tumor-derived DNA can be detected in serum or plasma of the majority of patients with B-cell malignancies and that testing of serum or plasma for tumor-associated DNA may be a novel parameter for monitoring response to treatment.

Psychological Barriers to Achievement in Women

1982 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lois S. Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Career Choice ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Graduate Programs ◽  
Career Aspiration ◽  
Fear Of Success ◽  
Psychological Barriers ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Personality Integration ◽  
Barriers To Achievement ◽  
Post Hoc

The IES Arrow-Dot was administered to 56 women in 14 graduate programs to examine the effects of birth order and stress when approaching career choice points on underlying personality integration. An analysis of variance yielded no significant differences for either variable, however, a post hoc analysis showed that correlation of Ego scores with stated level of career aspirations approached significance. Perhaps projected level of career aspiration may be explored when examining fear of success in women.

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